Blood lactate disappearance at various intensities of recovery exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dodd ◽  
S. K. Powers ◽  
T. Callender ◽  
E. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Exercise ◽  
Treatment Order

Numerous studies have reported that following intense exercise the rate of blood lactate (La) disappearance is greater during continuous aerobic work than during passive recovery. Recent work indicates that a combination of high- and low-intensity work may be optimal in reducing blood La. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the changes in blood La levels following maximal exercise during four different recovery patterns. Immediately following 50 S of maximal work, subjects (n = 7) performed one of the following recovery treatments for 40 min: 1) passive recovery (PR); 2) cycling at 35% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) (35% R); 3) cycling at 65% VO2 max (65% R); 4) cycling at 65% for 7 min followed by cycling at 35% for 33 min (CR). The treatment order was counterbalanced with each subject performing all treatments. Serial blood samples were obtained throughout recovery treatments and analyzed for La. The rate of blood La disappearance was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in both the 35% R and CR when compared with either the 65% R or PR. No significant difference (P greater than 0.05) existed in the rate of blood La disappearance between the 35% R and CR. These data do not support the hypothesis that exercise recovery at a combination of intensities is superior to a recovery involving continuous submaximal exercise in lowering blood La following maximal work.

Exercise recovery above and below anaerobic threshold following maximal work

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Stamford ◽  
A. Weltman ◽  
R. Moffatt ◽  
S. Sady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Individual Subject

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resting and exercise recovery above [70% of maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max)] and below [40% of VO2 max] anaerobic threshold (AT) on blood lactate disappearance following maximal exercise. Blood lactate concentrations at rest (0.9 mM) and during exercise at 40% (1.3 mM) and 70% (3.5 mM) of VO2 max without preceding maximal exercise were determined on separate occasions and represented base lines for each condition. The rate of blood lactate disappearance from peak values was ascertained from single-component exponential curves fit for each individual subject for each condition using both the determined and resting base lines. When determined base lines were utilized, there were no significant differences in curve parameters between the 40 and 70% of VO2 max recoveries, and both were significantly different from the resting recovery. When a resting base line (0.9 mM) was utilized for all conditions, 40% of VO2 max demonstrated a significantly faster half time than either 70% of VO2 max or resting recovery. No differences were found between 70% of VO2 max and resting recovery. It was concluded that interpretation of the effectiveness of exercise recovery above and below AT with respect to blood lactate disappearance is influenced by the base-line blood lactate concentration utilized in the calculation of exponential half times.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pedal Pump Lymphatic Technique Versus Passive Recovery Following Maximal Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue ◽  
Thomas Chan ◽  
Alexandra S. Jensen ◽  
James E. B. Docherty ◽  
Rebecca Grohman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Protocols

Abstract Context Muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur following intense exercise. Various modalities have been studied to improve blood lactate accumulation, which is a primary reason for DOMS. It has been well established that active recovery facilitates blood lactate removal more rapidly that passive recovery due to the pumping action of the muscle. The pedal pump is a manual lymphatic technique used in osteopathic manipulative medicine to increase lymphatic drainage throughout the body. Pedal pump has been shown to increase lymphatic flow and improve immunity. This may improve circulation and improve clearance of metabolites post-exercise. Objective This study compared the use of pedal pump lymphatic technique to passive supine recovery following maximal exercise. Methods 17 subjects (male n = 10, age 23 ± 3.01; female n = 7, age 24 ± 1.8), performed a maximal volume O2 test (VO2 max) using a Bruce protocol, followed by a recovery protocol using either pedal pump technique or supine passive rest for 10 min, followed by sitting for 10 min. Outcome measures included blood lactate concentration (BL), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and VO2. Subjects returned on another day to repeat the VO2 max test to perform the other recovery protocol. All outcomes were measured at rest, within 1- minute post-peak exercise, and at minutes 4, 7, 10 and 20 of the recovery protocols. A 2 × 6 repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare outcome measures (p ≤ 0.05). Results No significant differences were found in VO2, HR, or SBP between any of the recovery protocols. There was no significant difference in BL concentrations for recovery at minutes 4, 7, or 10 (p > 0.05). However, the pedal pump recovery displayed significantly lower BL concentrations at minute 20 of recovery (p = 0.04). Conclusion The pedal pump significantly decreased blood lactate concentrations following intense exercise at recovery minute 20. The use of manual lymphatic techniques in exercise recovery should be investigated further.

Efficiency of anaerobic work

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Gladden ◽  
H. G. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
External Work ◽  
Anaerobic Work ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Submaximal Work ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

This study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic work. Nine subjects worked at approximately 100% VO2 max for 2 min while inspiring gas mixtures with O2 fractions ranging from 0.13 to 0.21. Exercise O2 uptake, recovery O2 uptake, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Steady level O2 uptake was measured in normoxia at submaximal loads of about 30, 50, and 70% of VO2 max. Fast recovery O2 uptake did not change as PIO2 was varied. Exercise O2 uptake and blood lactate concentrations were linearly related to PIO2. The ratio of the slopes of these lines provided an empirical expression of the O2 equivalent of blood lactate. This ratio was constant, suggesting that it is not less efficient to use ATP synthesized anaerobically. Energy input from lactate was calculated using this factor. Efficiency decreased as power output increased even at the submaximal work rates. This may result from either 1) a decrease in muscle efficiency, 2) an increase in metabolism that is not directly related to the external work, or 3) some combination of 1 and 2.

Muscle metabolic determinants of exercise tolerance following exhaustion: relationship to the “critical power”

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerapong Chidnok ◽  
Jonathan Fulford ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey ◽  
Fred J. DiMenna ◽  
Philip F. Skiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Power ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Exercise

We tested the hypothesis that muscle high-energy phosphate compounds and metabolites related to the fatigue process would be recovered after exhaustion during recovery exercise performed below but not above critical power (CP) and that these changes would influence the capacity to continue exercise. Eight male subjects completed single-leg, knee-extension exercise to exhaustion (for ∼180 s) on three occasions, followed by a work-rate reduction to severe-intensity exercise, heavy-intensity exercise (<CP), or a 10-min passive recovery period, in random order. The muscle metabolic responses to exercise were assessed using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There was a significant difference between the sustainable exercise duration during the recovery from exhaustive exercise between the <CP and >CP conditions (at least 10 min and 39 ± 31 s, respectively; P < 0.05). During passive recovery and <CP recovery exercise, muscle phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]) increased rapidly after the exhaustion point, reaching ∼96% and ∼76% of baseline values, respectively, after 10 min ( P < 0.05). Moreover, pH increased abruptly, reaching 7.0 ± 0.0 and 7.0 ± 0.2, respectively, after 10 min recovery ( P < 0.05). However, during >CP recovery exercise, neither muscle [PCr] nor pH recovered, reaching ∼37% of the initial baseline and 6.6 ± 0.2, respectively. These results indicate that the muscle metabolic dynamics in recovery from exhaustive >CP differ according to whether the recovery exercise is performed below or above the CP. These findings confirm the importance of the CP as an intramuscular metabolic threshold that dictates the accumulation of fatigue-related metabolites and the capacity to tolerate high-intensity exercise.

Aging among elite distance runners: a 22-yr longitudinal study

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
M. D. Vukovich ◽  
J. Jones ◽  
T. Melham
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Training

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological responses of former elite distance runners during submaximal and maximal exercise after a mean period of 22 yr. Fifty-three men were initially tested (T1) in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they were all highly trained and competitive. For the current evaluation (T2), these men were classified as highly trained (HT; n = 10), fitness trained (FT; n = 18), untrained (UT; n = 15), and fit older (FO; n = 10), depending on their continued level of training and age. The mean (+/- SE) age for the HT, FT, and UT men during T2 was similar (46.5 +/- 1.6 yr), whereas the FO men were significantly (P < 0.05) older (68.4 +/- 2.7 yr). All groups experienced a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) from T1 to T2. However, this decrease was related to the amount of training between evaluations. The HT men had the smallest reduction (6% per decade) in VO2 max (from 68.8 to 59.2 ml.g-1.min-1). The FT men's VO2 max was approximately 10% lower per decade (from 64.1 to 48.9 ml.kg-1.min-1), whereas an approximately 15% decrease per decade was observed for the UT (from 70.7 to 46.7 ml.kg-1.min-1) and FO (from 60.3 to 40.7 ml.kg-1.min-1) men, despite the continued training of the FO men. Energy requirements for a standardized run at 12 km/run were similar from T1 to T2 for the HT and FT men, whereas the UT men required an increased (P < 0.05) O2 uptake (40.3-41.8 l/min), ventilation (53.7-72.7 l/min), and heart rate (127-142 beats/min). The perceived effort and %VO2 max for this submaximal run were greater during T2 for all groups, which was related to the decline in VO2 max. These longitudinal data indicate that after more than two decades the physiological capacities of these aging runners are compromised, regardless of training. These data also confirm previous cross-sectional findings that aerobic capacity of highly trained middle-aged men declines approximately 5-7% per decade.

Effect of hematocrit on systemic O2 transport in hypoxic and normoxic exercise in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1341-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Gonzalez ◽  
L. P. Erwig ◽  
C. F. Painter ◽  
R. L. Clancy ◽  
P. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Maximal Cardiac Output ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Mixed Venous

The effect of hematocrit (Hct) on O2 transport in hypoxic [inspired PO2 (PIO2) approximately 70 Torr] and normoxic (PIO2 approximately 145 Torr) exercise was studied in rats acclimatized to 3 wk of PIO2 at approximately 70 Torr (A rats) and in nonacclimatized littermates (NA rats). Isovolumic exchange transfusion of plasma or red blood cells was used to lower Hct in A rats from approximately 60 to 45% and to raise Hct of NA rats from 45 to 60%: Controls were A and NA rats exchange transfused with whole blood at constant Hct. Lowering Hct of A rats lowered the arterial O2 concentration (CaO2) and the arterial-mixed venous O2 difference and increased the maximal cardiac output (Qmax) without changes in maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) or in the product of Qmax x CaO2, circulatory O2 convection at maximal exercise (TO2 max). Raising Hct in NA rats produced the opposite changes in CaO2, arterial-mixed venous O2 difference, and Qmax, but VO2 max and TO2 max increased significantly, both in hypoxia and normoxia, because of relatively small changes in Qmax. In NA rats, a steeper slope of the line relating VO2 max to calculated mean capillary PO2 at high Hct suggested a higher tissue O2 diffusing capacity with high Hct. For a given Hct and Qmax, systemic arterial pressure was higher in A rats. The data suggest that 1) the effect of Hct on systemic hemodynamics is different in A and NA rats, resulting in different effects on VO2 max; 2) factors in addition to Hct contribute to the high systemic vascular resistance of A rats; and 3) increased diffusive conductance for O2, as well as increased TO2 max, could be responsible for the effect of Hct on VO2 max of NA rats.

scholarly journals Relationship between hyperventilation and excessive CO2 output during recovery from repeated cycling sprints

2009 ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yano ◽  
T Yunoki ◽  
R Matsuura ◽  
T Arimitsu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Repeated Cycle ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2 ◽  
Repeated Cycling

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether excessive CO2 output (VCO2excess) is dominantly attributable to hyperventilation during the period of recovery from repeated cycling sprints. A series of four 10-sec cycling sprints with 30-sec passive recovery periods was performed two times. The first series and second series of cycle sprints (SCS) were followed by 360-sec passive recovery periods (first recovery and second recovery). Increases in blood lactate (DeltaLa) were 11.17+/-2.57 mM from rest to 5.5 min during first recovery and 2.07+/-1.23 mM from the start of the second SCS to 5.5 min during second recovery. CO2 output (VCO2) was significantly higher than O2 uptake (VO2) during both recovery periods. This difference was defined as VCO2excess. VCO2excess was significantly higher during first recovery than during second recovery. VCO2excess was added from rest to the end of first recovery and from the start of the second SCS to the end of second recovery (CO2excess). DeltaLa was significantly related to CO2excess (r=0.845). However, ventilation during first recovery was the same as that during second recovery. End-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) significantly decreased from the resting level during the recovery periods, indicating hyperventilation. PETCO2 during first recovery was significantly higher than that during second recovery. It is concluded that VCO2excess is not simply determined by ventilation during recovery from repeated cycle sprints.

Cardiovascular response to cycle exercise during and after pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Sady ◽  
M. W. Carpenter ◽  
P. D. Thompson ◽  
M. A. Sady ◽  
B. Haydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Response To Exercise

Our purpose was to determine if pregnancy alters the cardiovascular response to exercise. Thirty-nine women [29 +/- 4 (SD) yr], performed submaximal and maximal exercise cycle ergometry during pregnancy (antepartum, AP, 26 +/- 3 wk of gestation) and postpartum (PP, 8 +/- 2 wk). Neither maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) nor maximal heart rate (HR) was different AP and PP (VO2 = 1.91 +/- 0.32 and 1.83 +/- 0.31 l/min; HR = 182 +/- 8 and 184 +/- 7 beats/min, P greater than 0.05 for both). Cardiac output (Q, acetylene rebreathing technique) averaged 2.2 to 2.8 l/min higher AP (P less than 0.01) at rest and at each exercise work load. Increases in both HR and stroke volume (SV) contributed to the elevated Q at the lower exercise work loads, whereas an increased SV was primarily responsible for the higher Q at higher levels. The slope of the Q vs. VO2 relationship was not different AP and PP (6.15 +/- 1.32 and 6.18 +/- 1.34 l/min Q/l/min VO2, P greater than 0.05). In contrast, the arteriovenous O2 difference (a-vO2 difference) was lower at each exercise work load AP, suggesting that the higher Q AP was distributed to nonexercising vascular beds. We conclude that Q is greater and a-vO2 difference is less at all levels of exercise in pregnant subjects than in the same women postpartum but that the coupling of the increase in Q to the increase in systemic O2 demand (VO2) is not different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Endurance training in older men and women II. Blood lactate response to submaximal exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Seals ◽  
B. F. Hurley ◽  
J. Schultz ◽  
J. M. Hagberg
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Intensity Training

Seven men and four women (age 63 +/- 2 yr, mean +/- SD, range 61–67 yr) participated in a 12-mo endurance training program to determine the effects of low-intensity (LI) and high-intensity (HI) training on the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise in older individuals. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood lactate, O2 uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) during three submaximal exercise bouts (65–90% VO2max) were determined before training, after 6 mo of LI training, and after an additional 6 mo of HI training. VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) was increased 12% after LI training (P less than 0.05), while HI training induced a further increase of 18% (P less than 0.01). Lactate, HR, VE, and R were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) at the same absolute work rates after LI training, while HI training induced further but smaller reductions in these parameters (P greater than 0.05). In general, at the same relative work rates (ie., % of VO2max) after training, lactate was lower or unchanged, HR and R were unchanged, and VO2 and VE were higher. These findings indicate that LI training in older individuals results in adaptations in the response to submaximal exercise that are similar to those observed in younger populations and that additional higher intensity training results in further but less-marked changes.

Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E305-E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Peters Futre ◽  
T. D. Noakes ◽  
R. I. Raine ◽  
S. E. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Lactate Levels

High-intensity intermittent bicycle exercise was used to deplete muscle glycogen levels by 70% and elevate blood lactate levels to greater than 13.0 mmol/l. Thereafter subjects either cycled with one leg for 45 min followed by 45 min of passive recovery (partially active recovery) or rested for 90 min (passive recovery). During the first 45 min of partially active recovery 1) blood lactate (P less than 0.05) and pH levels (P less than 0.05) returned more rapidly to preexercise values than during passive recovery, 2) the rate of net glycogen resynthesis (0.28 mumol . g-1 . min-1) was the same in both legs, and 3) muscle lactate levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the passive than in the active leg. Thereafter the rate of net muscle glycogen resynthesis was unchanged (0.26 mumol . g-1 . min-1) and lactate removal could theoretically account for only 18% of the glycogen resynthesized. Overall, the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis and muscle lactate removal was not different from that measured during passive recovery. After high-intensity exercise 1) glycogen repletion is not impeded by light exercise, and 2) blood glucose is an important substrate for glycogen resynthesis.

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