Binocular immobilization induced by paralysis of the extraocular muscles of one eye: evidence for an interocular proprioceptive mechanism

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2022-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. O'Keefe ◽  
M. A. Berkley
Keyword(s):  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Vascular Transport ◽  
Local Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Monocular Paralysis ◽  
Reversible Reduction

1. Spontaneous changes in the positions of both eyes were measured in anesthetized cats before and after infusion of paralytic or anesthetic agents directly into the extraocular muscle capsule behind one eye. 2. Before retrobulbar injection, large changes in eye position were observed in both eyes. The position changes of each eye were independent of each other and often in opposite directions. 3. Application of a paralytic agent into the orbit of one eye reduced the spontaneous position changes in that eye to a very low level. Unexpectedly, the changes in the position of the other, untreated eye were also greatly reduced. 4. Control experiments demonstrated that the binocular immobilization observed after monocular paralysis was not due to 1) leakage of the paralytic agent from the orbit of the treated eye to the orbit of the untreated eye or 2) systemic vascular transport of the paralytic agent. 5. Passive movement of the paralyzed eye did not induce movement of the untreated eye. 6. Application of a local anesthetic agent rather than a paralytic agent to one eye resulted in reversible reduction of movement only in the treated eye, but not in the untreated eye. 7. The results suggest that the reduction of movement in one eye produced by application of a paralytic agent to the other eye is mediated by an afferent neural signal derived from extraocular muscle proprioceptors possibly gated by a central motor control signal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress as a Contributor of Anesthetic Agents' Effects on Embryo Quality and ICSI Outcome in Iraqi Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Athraa Abd Alhussain ◽  
Raad Reshan ◽  
Hayder Mossa
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oocyte Maturity ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Infertility is described as a couple's failure to conceive for at least a year, using unprotected sex. Even though all anesthetic chemicals have been revealed in the follicular fluids, general anesthesia is still used in many IVF centers for patients who want to get pregnant. This study included 60 infertile women randomly divided into two groups under general anesthesia. 30 patients were given a Ketamine dose of 0.5 mg/Kg and the other 30 patients were received Remifentanil dose of 0.5 µg/Kg for induction of anesthesia. We collected serum for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels assessment for all patients before and after starting general anesthesia. Routine ICSI procedures was performed on all participants, including clinical evaluation (history, examination, and investigation), controlled ovarian and ovulation stimulation, oocyte retrieval under general anesthesia, follicular fluid collection for postoperative anesthesia medication concentration (Remifentanil and Ketamine), oocyte stripping, oocyte maturity assessment, intra-oocyte sperm injection into mature cells (MII), fertilization and division evaluation and embryo categorization, embryo selection and transfer, luteal phase support, and beta-hCG determination. ROS concentrations were compared between the Remifentanil and Ketamine groups. There was no significant difference in embryo features between Remifentanil and Ketamine, indicating that neither one is superior to the other in this regard. When Remifentanil or Ketamine was taken, there was no significant difference in ROS levels in serum or follicular fluid.

Arthroscopy in Arthrosis: Is It Worth it? A case Presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2232-2235
Author(s):  
Marius Moga ◽  
Mark Edward Pogarasteanu ◽  
Antoine Edu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Joint Range

The role of arthroscopy in incipient and mild arthrosis, even combined with proximal tibial ostetomy, is well known and well documented. On the other hand, its role in the treatment of advanced arthrosis of the large joints, especially the knee, is a subject of controversy. The proponents of the use of arthroscopy in advanced arthrosis claim that meniscectomy, synovectomy, ostophytectomy, chondral lesion stabilization, arthroscopic release, plica and loose body removal greatly improve the quality of life for most patients, especially if followed by the use of viscoelastic injection, by diminishing pain and improving joint range of motion. The opponents claim that, even though the advantages are clear in the cases that refuse arthroplasty, in all the other cases the surgical indication should be total knee arthroplasty, as the clinical relief is temporary, but with all the risks of a surgical intervention. We have conducted an overview of the recent literature, in order to find objective evidence to sustain either point of view. We focused on articles published that included an objective measurement of before and after clinical status through clinical scores and objective measurements. We also focused on the follow-up period and on the evolution of the pathology after arthroscopy.

Antimicrobial Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser based on Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Alexandru Odor ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Deborah Violant ◽  
Victoria Badea
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Before And After

Moderate and severe periodontitis represents a challenge in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the antimicrobial effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in periodontal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis performed with 940 nm diode laser in the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis. Twenty-five patients with 100 teeth were selected for this pilot study. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Group 1: scaling and root planning (SRP) (control group); and the following experimental groups: Group 2: H2O2; Group 3: 940 nm diode laser therapy; Group 4: 940 nm diode laser therapy and H2O2. Clinical examinations, like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed before and after the treatment. The microbiological evaluation, effectuated before and after the treatment, included nine periodontal bacteria species and investigated by means of real-time PCR assay. The clinical and bacterial differences in the tested groups, was assessed between control group and the other three experimental groups, as well as between the experimental groups. The total bacteria load was reduced for all four studied groups. Group 4 (diode laser + H2O2) showed significant bacterial reduction of the major periodontal bacteria like Pg., Tf., Td., Pi., Pm., Fn (p[0.001) than the other 3 groups (p]0.001). Also the periodontal clinical parameters, like PD, CAL and BOP showed a significant reduction after the photolysis of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser (p[0.001). Differences between tested groups showed a significant beneficial results in regard to Group 4.It is suggested that the photoactivation of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser can be used successfully in adjunctive to the non-surgical periodontal treatment as a bactericidal tool.

scholarly journals Management of chronic periodontitis: an interdisciplinary approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sneha Dani ◽  
Savitha A.N ◽  
Kenneth Tan ◽  
Anand Naik ◽  
Charan Chhatrala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Before And After

Objective: In recent years, advances in technique as well as a growing public interest in developing and maintaining a healthy and attractive smile, has resulted in a greater understanding of the interrelationships between periodontics and orthodontics. The primary objective of periodontal therapy is to restore and maintain the health and integrity of the attachment apparatus of teeth. In adults, the loss of teeth or periodontal support can result in pathological teeth migration involving either a single tooth or a group of teeth. This may result in the development of a diastema, incisal proclination, rotation with collapse of the posterior occlusion.Materials and methods: This case report is of a 32 year old female patient who reported with swollen gums, generalized spacing between the teeth and extruded upper anterior tooth. Periodontal therapy followed by fixed orthodontic therapy was planned.Results: At the end of 2 years a stable healthy periodontium was established that was both functional and esthetic.Conclusion: Adjunctive orthodontic therapy is often necessary for successful restoration of periodontal health. On the other hand, successful orthodontic treatment will depend on the periodontal preparation before and after treatment and the maintenance of periodontal health throughout all phases of mechano-therapy.

Effect of thromboxane antagonists on ozone-induced airway responses in dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Jones ◽  
C. G. Lane ◽  
P. M. O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Thromboxane Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Airway Responses ◽  
Control Infusion

Airway hyperresponsiveness after inhaled ozone in dogs may occur as a result of thromboxane release in the airway. In this study, two thromboxane receptor antagonists, L-655,240 and L-670,596, were used in doses that inhibit the response to an inhaled thromboxane mimetic, U-46619, to determine further the role of thromboxane in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Dogs were studied on 2 days separated by 1 wk. On each day, the dogs inhaled ozone (3 ppm) for 30 min. On one randomly assigned day, 10 dogs received an infusion of L-655,240 (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) and 5 dogs received an infusion of L-670,596 (1 mg.kg-1.h-1); on the other day dogs received a control infusion. Airway responses to doubling doses of acetylcholine were measured before and after inhalation of ozone and were expressed as the concentration of acetylcholine giving a rise in resistance of 5 cmH2O.l-1.s from baseline (acetylcholine provocation concentration). The development of airway hyperresponsiveness after ozone was not inhibited by the thromboxane antagonists. The mean log difference in the acetylcholine provocative concentration before and after ozone on the L-655,240 treatment day was 0.62 +/- 0.12 (SE) and on the control day was 0.71 +/- 0.12 (P = 0.48); on the L-670,596 treatment day the mean log difference was 0.68 +/- 0.15 (SE) and on the control day it was 0.75 +/- 0.19 (P = 0.45). These results do not support an important role for thromboxane in causing ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

Soil water dynamics after fire in a Portuguese shrubland

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim S. Silva ◽  
Francisco C. Rego ◽  
Stefano Mazzoleni
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Before And After

This paper presents a study where soil water content (SW) was measured before and after an experimental fire in a shrubland dominated by Erica scoparia L. in Portugal. Two plots were established: one was kept as a control plot and the other was burned by an experimental fire in June 2001. Measurements were taken before fire (2000), and after fire (2001, 2002, and 2003) at six depths down to 170 cm, from June to December. Measurements before fire allowed comparison of the two plots in terms of the SW differential, using 2000 as a reference. Results for 2001 showed that SW decreased less during the drying season (June–September) and increased more during the wetting season (October–December) in the burned plot than in the control plot. The magnitude of these effects decreased consistently in 2002 and 2003, especially at surface layers. The maximum gain of SW for the total profile in the burned plot was estimated as 105.5 mm in 2001, 70.2 mm in 2002, and 35.6 mm in 2003. The present paper discusses the mechanisms responsible for the increase in SW taking into account the characteristics of the plant community, including the root distribution, and the results of other studies.

scholarly journals The Usefulness of Impedance Cardiography for Predicting Beneficial Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Heart Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Gielerak ◽  
Paweł Krzesiński ◽  
Ewa Piotrowicz ◽  
Ryszard Piotrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Impedance Cardiography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Before And After

Aim. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an important part of heart failure (HF) treatment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate if thoracic fluid content (TFC) measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) is a useful parameter for predicting the outcome of CR.Methods. Fifty HF patients underwent clinical and noninvasive haemodynamic (TFC) assessments before and after 8-week CR.Results. As a result of CR, the patients’ exercise tolerance improved, especially in terms of peak VO2(18.7 versus 20.8 mL × kg−1× min−1;P=0.025). TFC was found to identify patients with significantly improved peak VO2after CR. “High TFC” patients (TFC > 27.0 kOhm−1), compared to those of “low TFC” (TFC < 27.0 kOhm−1), were found to have more pronounced increase in peak VO2(1.3 versus 3.1 mL × kg−1× min−1;P=0.011) and decrease in TFC (4.0 versus 0.7 kOhm−1;P<0.00001). On the other hand, the patients with improved peak VO2(n=32) differed from those with no peak VO2improvement in terms of higher baseline TFC values (28.4 versus 25.3 kOhm−1;P=0.039) and its significant decrease after CR (2.7 versus 0.2 kOhm−1;P=0.012).Conclusions. TFC can be a useful parameter for predicting beneficial effects of CR worth including in the process of patients’ qualification for CR.

Psychophysical interactions with a double-slit interference pattern: Exploratory evidence of a causal influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Dean Radin ◽  
Helané Wahbeh ◽  
Leena Michel ◽  
Arnaud Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Interference Pattern ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fringe Visibility ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Slit

An experiment we conducted from 2012 to 2013, which had not been previously reported, was designed to explore possible psychophysical effects resulting from the interaction of a human mind with a quantum system. Participants focused their attention toward or away from the slits in a double-slit optical system to see if the interference pattern would be affected. Data were collected from 25 people in individual half-hour sessions; each person repeated the test ten times for a total of 250 planned sessions. “Sham” sessions designed to mimic the experimental sessions without observers present were run immediately before and after as controls. Based on the planned analysis, no evidence for a psychophysical effect was found. Because this experiment differed in two essential ways from similar, previously reported double-slit experiments, two exploratory analyses were developed, one based on a simple spectral analysis of the interference pattern and the other based on fringe visibility. For the experimental data, the outcome supported a pattern of results predicted by a causal psychophysical effect, with the spectral metric resulting in a 3.4 sigma effect (p = 0.0003), and the fringe visibility metric resulting in 7 of 22 fringes tested above 2.3 sigma after adjustment for type I error inflation, with one of those fringes at 4.3 sigma above chance (p = 0.00001). The same analyses applied to the sham data showed uniformly null outcomes. Other analyses exploring the potential that these results were due to mundane artifacts, such as fluctuations in temperature or vibration, showed no evidence of such influences. Future studies using the same protocols and analytical methods will be required to determine if these exploratory results are idiosyncratic or reflect a genuine psychophysical influence.

scholarly journals The Effect of Geogebra on Students’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge: The Case of Applications of Derivative

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Ocal
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Geometry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Integrating the properties of computer algebra systems and dynamic geometry environments, Geogebra became an effective and powerful tool for teaching and learning mathematics. One of the reasons that teachers use Geogebra in mathematics classrooms is to make students learn mathematics meaningfully and conceptually. From this perspective, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether instruction with Geogebra has effect on students’ achievements regarding their conceptual and procedural knowledge on the applications of derivative subject. This study adopted the quantitative approach with pre-test post-test control group true experimental design. The participants were composed of two calculus classrooms involving 31 and 24 students, respectively. The experimental group with 31 students received instruction with Geogebra while the control group received traditional instruction in learning the applications of derivative. Independent samples t-test was used in the analysis of the data gathered from students’ responses to Applications of Derivative Test which was subjected to them before and after teaching processes. The findings indicated that instruction with Geogebra had positive effect on students’ scores regarding conceptual knowledge and their overall scores. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group students’ scores regarding procedural knowledge. It could be concluded that students in both groups were focused on procedural knowledge to be successful in learning calculus subjects including applications of derivative in both groups. On the other hand, instruction with Geogebra supported students’ learning these subjects meaningfully and conceptually.

scholarly journals Impact of treated sewage on meiobenthic nematodes: a case study from the Tunisian Refining Industries Company

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hedfi ◽  
M. Ben Ali ◽  
A. Noureldeen ◽  
H. Darwish ◽  
T. Saif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bizerte Bay ◽  
De Man ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.

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