scholarly journals Experimental Results for the Settling Behaviour of Particle-Fiber Mixtures

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Feist ◽  
Hermann Nirschl ◽  
Jörg Wagner ◽  
Georg Hirsch ◽  
Samuel Schabel
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Settling Behaviour ◽  
Fibre Suspension ◽  
Value Of It

Sedimentation of organic fibres and inorganic particles can be observed in several industrial applications. Fibres are involved not only in wastewater treatment but also in other separation applications. In the paper industry, the separation of inorganic filler and coating particles from short cellulose fibres is still a challenge in the recycling process. During that process, particles have to be removed to obtain a purified fibre suspension. These fibres can be used again to produce new paper. With the currently applied techniques, like screening and flotation, the efficiency of short fibre separation is very poor. Moreover, also separation by sedimentation fails due to similar settling velocities of heavy-small particles and the light and larger fibres. This paper concentrates on the sedimentation of organic fibres and inorganic particles in water. The investigated suspensions are made by resolving two different and specially produced papers a coated and an uncoated one, as well as the single components used for its production. We observe a different sedimentation behaviour according to the concentration of fibres and particles in the suspension and the pH-value of it. The main result is that, according to the fibre rate, the sedimentation behaviour is particle dominant or fibre dominant.

scholarly journals Computer integration of cardboard production

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Lukic ◽  
Zoran Andjelkovic ◽  
Suzana Stamatovic
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Computer Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Integration ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Business System ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
A Company ◽  
Complete Concept

A company for the development of software for industrial applications "PBS" Belgrade has designed a modern information system for monitoring and controlling production in the paper industry, which is completely integrated with the technological equipment and production processes. The paper presents the complete concept of the system, from electronic communication with business partners over computer support to all the production processes in the factory, to the delivery of the products to the customers. Realized as a CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) system, it enables management to have a complete overview of the condition of all the production and business activities, and ensures momentary and complete reliable information about all the parameters of the business system. Although the system was developed for the needs of the cardboard factory "Umka", with particular modifications, it could also be used in other factories of the paper and cardboard packaging industry.

scholarly journals New Eco-Friendly Gypsum Materials for Civil Construction

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Eires ◽  
Aires Camões ◽  
Saíd Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Vibration Absorption ◽  
Cork Industry

The sustainable world’s economic growth and people’s life improvement greatly depend on the use of alternative products in the architecture and construction, such as industrial wastes conventionally called “green materials”. This paper concerns the main results of an experimental work carried out with the objective of developing new composite materials based on gypsum and incorporating waste material as granulated cork, a by-product of cork industry, and cellulose fibres, a waste of paper industry. Such materials are intended to be used as composite boards for non structural elements of construction, such as dry walls and ceiling. Cork (bark of the plant Quercus Suber L), a substance largely produced in Portugal, is a material whose characteristics are of considerable interest for the construction industry. It is regarded as a strategic material with enormous potential by its reduced density, elasticity, compressibility, waterproof, vibration absorption, thermal and acoustic insulation efficiency [1]. During the first stage of this research work the gypsum binder and its properties were studied. Then, composites with mineral additions (added to increase the waterproofing and resistance) were also developed and submitted to tests to determine their physical and mechanical properties. In last stage, reinforced composites using different industrial by-products have been developed. This paper will present the properties and the manufacture methods used to produce the above mentioned eco-friendly composites that can ease ways for using industrial wastes as new construction materials, with excellent inherent thermal and acoustic properties.

scholarly journals Toughness Enhancement of PHBV/TPU/Cellulose Compounds with Reactive Additives for Compostable Injected Parts in Industrial Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Sánchez-Safont ◽  
Alex Arrillaga ◽  
Jon Anakabe ◽  
Luis Cabedo ◽  
Jose Gamez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Reactive Additives ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Reactive Agents ◽  
Toughness Enhancement

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate), PHBV, is a bacterial thermoplastic biopolyester that possesses interesting thermal and mechanical properties. As it is fully biodegradable, it could be an alternative to the use of commodities in single-use applications or in those intended for composting at their end of life. Two big drawbacks of PHBV are its low impact toughness and its high cost, which limit its potential applications. In this work, we proposed the use of a PHBV-based compound with purified α-cellulose fibres and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), with the purpose of improving the performance of PHBV in terms of balanced heat resistance, stiffness, and toughness. Three reactive agents with different functionalities have been tested in these compounds: hexametylene diisocianate (HMDI), a commercial multi-epoxy-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl® ADR-4368), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The results indicate that the reactive agents play a main role of compatibilizers among the phases of the PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds. HMDI showed the highest ability to compatibilize the cellulose and the PHBV in the compounds, with the topmost values of deformation at break, static toughness, and impact strength. Joncryl® and TGIC, on the other hand, seemed to enhance the compatibility between the fibres and the polymer matrix as well as the TPU within the PHBV.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Approach from Interfacial to Bulk Properties of Legume Protein-Stabilized Emulsions

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Félix ◽  
Alberto Romero ◽  
Cecilio Carrera-Sanchez ◽  
Antonio Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Legume Protein

The correlation between interfacial properties and emulsion microstructure is a topic of special interest that has many industrial applications. This study deals with the comparison between the rheological properties of oil-water interfaces with adsorbed proteins from legumes (chickpea or faba bean) and the properties of the emulsions using them as the only emulsifier, both at microscopic (droplet size distribution) and macroscopic level (linear viscoelasticity). Two different pH values (2.5 and 7.5) were studied as a function of storage time. Interfaces were characterized by means of dilatational and interfacial shear rheology measurements. Subsequently, the microstructure of the final emulsions obtained was evaluated thorough droplet size distribution (DSD), light scattering and rheological measurements. Results obtained evidenced that pH value has a strong influence on interfacial properties and emulsion microstructure. The best interfacial results were obtained for the lower pH value using chickpea protein, which also corresponded to smaller droplet sizes, higher viscoelastic moduli, and higher emulsion stability. Thus, results put forward the relevance of the interfacial tension values, the adsorption kinetics, the viscoelastic properties of the interfacial film, and the electrostatic interactions among droplets, which depend on pH and the type of protein, on the microstructure, rheological properties, and stability of legume protein-stabilized emulsions.

Characterization and Physical Properties of Chitosan Modified APMP

2013 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Pei Pei Wang ◽  
Chuan Shan Zhao ◽  
Zhang Pan Chen ◽  
Wen Jia Han
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Tensile Index

With the development of world's paper industry, strength agent has become increasingly wide spread and more important.This paper describes a method for modified APMP with Chitosan, we make studies on using chitson to improve the properties of paper, and compare the effect of them based on experimential results. As a result of study,it can be concluded: The pH value and the dosage of chitosan have a great influence on the physical strength of paper.When the pH was 6 and the dosage of chitosan was 1%,the tensile index of paper could reach 30% above.

scholarly journals The elementary characterization of anthill clay for composite materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
C.S. Kalpage ◽  
P.W.S.K. Bandaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Elementary Characterization

Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the extraordinary stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 Mpa compressive strength and 0.4 Mpa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials, catalysts and refractors.

scholarly journals The Immobilization of Lipases on Porous Support by Adsorption and Hydrophobic Interaction Method

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiah Mokhtar ◽  
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman ◽  
Noor Dina Muhd Noor ◽  
Fairolniza Mohd Shariff ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Microbial Lipases ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hydrophobic Supports

Four major enzymes commonly used in the market are lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases. For instance, in both academic and industrial levels, microbial lipases have been well studied for industrial and biotechnological applications compared to others. Immobilization is done to minimize the cost. The improvement of enzyme properties enables the reusability of enzymes and facilitates enzymes used in a continuous process. Immobilized enzymes are enzymes physically confined in a particularly defined region with retention to their catalytic activities. Immobilized enzymes can be used repeatedly compared to free enzymes, which are unable to catalyze reactions continuously in the system. Immobilization also provides a higher pH value and thermal stability for enzymes toward synthesis. The main parameter influencing the immobilization is the support used to immobilize the enzyme. The support should have a large surface area, high rigidity, suitable shape and particle size, reusability, and resistance to microbial attachment, which will enhance the stability of the enzyme. The diffusion of the substrate in the carrier is more favorable on hydrophobic supports instead of hydrophilic supports. The methods used for enzyme immobilization also play a crucial role in immobilization performance. The combination of immobilization methods will increase the binding force between enzymes and the support, thus reducing the leakage of the enzymes from the support. The adsorption of lipase on a hydrophobic support causes the interfacial activation of lipase during immobilization. The adsorption method also causes less or no change in enzyme conformation, especially on the active site of the enzyme. Thus, this method is the most used in the immobilization process for industrial applications.

Lipases: Sources, Production, Purification, and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Patel ◽  
Dhananjai Rai ◽  
Shivam ◽  
Shraddha Shahane ◽  
Umesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Microbial Lipases ◽  
The One

Background and Sources: Lipase enzyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in the stomach and pancreatic juice. Its function is to digest fats and lipids, helping to maintain correct gallbladder function. Lipase is the one such widely used and versatile enzyme. These enzymes are obtained from animals, plants and as well as from several microorganisms and are sufficiently stable. These are considered as nature’s catalysts, but commercially, only microbial lipases are being used significantly. </P><P> Applications: They found enormous application in the industries of fat and oil processing, oleochemical industry, food industry, detergents, pulp and paper industry, detergents, environment management, tea processing, biosensors and cosmetics and perfumery. Various recent patents related to lipases have been revised in this review. </P><P> Conclusion: Lipases are very peculiar as they have the ability to hydrolyse fats into fatty acids and glycerols at the water-lipid interface and can reverse the reaction in non-aqueous media. This natural ability makes it the most widely used enzyme in various industrial applications. This article deals with the immense versatility of lipase enzymes along with the recent advancements done in the various fields related to their purification and mass production in industries.

Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Material for Biopulping: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shardesh Chaurasia ◽  
Prakashchandra Mervana ◽  
Satyapal Singh ◽  
Sanjay Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Almost All

Biopulping has the potential to improve pulp quality, paper properties and to reduce energy costs and environmental impact relative to traditional pulping approaches. The technology has focused on the white rot fungi that are known to be degrader of wood constituents. This group of fungi have complex extracellular ligninolytic enzyme systems that can selectively degrade/ alter lignin structure and allow cellulose fibres to be relatively unaffected. It colonizes either on living or dead wood and decomposes almost all plant cell wall polymers including lignin and extractives making it to be extremely potential to be used in biopulping. Biopulping reduces the chemical load in paper industry and thus partially limiting environmental threats caused by conventional pulping. It has been advised that energy savings alone could make the process economically viable. Other benefits include improved burst strength and tear indices of product and reduced pitch deposition.

Resource Recovery of WC-Co Cermet Using Hydrothermal Oxidation Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningfeng Gao ◽  
Fumihito Inagaki ◽  
Ryo Sasai ◽  
Hideaki Itoh ◽  
Koji Watari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Hydrothermal Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Resistant

WC-Co cermet is widely used in industrial applications such as cutting tools, dies, wear parts and so on. It is of great importance to establish the recycling process for the precious metal resources contained in WC-Co cermet, because all these metals used in Japan are imported. In this paper we reported a hydrothermal oxidation technique using nitric acid for the reclamation of WC and Co. The WC-Co cermet specimens with various WC particle sizes and Co contents were hydrothermally treated in HNO3 aqueous solutions at temperatures of 110-200°C for durations of 6-240 h. The Co was preferentially leached out into the acidic solution, while the WC was oxidized to insoluble WO3 hydrate which was subsequently separated by filtration. The hydrothermal treatment parameters such as solvent concentrations, treatment temperatures, holding time were optimized in respect to different kinds of WC-Co cermets. A hydrothermal oxidation treatment in 3M HNO3 aqueous solution at 150°C for 24 h was capable of fully disintegrating the cermet chip composed of coarse WC grains of 1-5 µm in size with 20 wt% of Co as binder. While the more oxidation resistant specimen composed of fine WC grains of 0.5-1.0 µm in size with 13 wt% of Co, was completely disintegrated by a treatment in 7 M HNO3 aqueous solution at 170°C for 24 h. The filtered solid residues were composed of fine WO3.0.33H2O powder and a small amount of WO3. The recovered WO3.0.33H2O powder can be easily returned to the industrial process for the synthesis of WC powder so that the overall recycling cost can be possibly lowered.

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