Olive cake reduces glycaemia and lipemia and increases antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced diabetes in rat erythrocytes and tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-372
Author(s):  
Hayet Cherrad ◽  
Sherazede Bouderbala ◽  
Yahiaoui Zidan ◽  
Djamil Krouf
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (CO) on glycaemia and lipemia and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes and tissues, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Design/methodology/approach Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg BW). In total, 12 diabetic D rats, weighing 260 ± 20 g, were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented (D-OC) or not (D) with OC (7.5 per cent), for four weeks. Findings In D-OC compared with D, glycaemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides values (−40 per cent; p = 0.007, 27 per cent; p = 0.007 and −27 per cent; p = 0.0019). In erythrocyte, liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents were respectively, (−19 per cent; p = 0.03, −32 per cent; p = 0.002, −20 per cent; p = 0.04, −68 per cent; p = 0.003, −74 per cent; p = 0.0003 and −38 per cent; p = 0.04). In erythrocyte, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively, (+14 per cent; p = 0.01, +74 per cent; p = 0.012 and +34 per cent; p = 0.0009). In the liver, kidney, heart and muscle, SOD activity was respectively, (+31 per cent; p = 0.004, +12 per cent; p = 0.038, +43 per cent; p = 0.001 and +23 per cent; p = 0.18). GSH-Px activity was respectively, (+121 per cent; p = 0.0009, 89 per cent; p = 0.0006, + 95 per cent; p = 0.008, +71 per cent; p = 0.02 and +26 per cent; p = 0.01), in the liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain. Catalase activity was (+21 per cent; p = 0.008) in the liver, (+88 per cent; p = 0.0002 in the kidney, +53 per cent; p = 0,002 in the heart and 83 per cent; p = 0.00004 in the muscle). Originality/value In diabetic rats, OC reduces hyperglycaemia induced by STZ and attenuates triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia. This residue is able to decrease the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activity in erythrocytes and tissues. The high contents of phytoconstituents present in OC are considered to be responsible for this effect.

The protective effect of olive cake treatment on oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, on serum, red blood cells and liver, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed cholesterol-enriched diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-798
Author(s):  
Yahiaoui Zidan ◽  
Sherazede Bouderbala ◽  
Cherrad Hayet ◽  
Bouchenak Malika
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (OC) on lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidant enzymes activities of serum, red blood cells (RBCs) and liver, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced-diabetic rat fed cholesterol-enriched diet. Design/methodology/approach Hypercholesterolemic male rats were rendered diabetic (HC-D) by a single intraperitoneal injection dose of STZ (35 mg/kg BW). HC-D rats were divided into two groups fed for 28d a diet supplemented with OC at 7.5 percent (HC-D-OC) or not (HC-D). A control group (C) was submitted to standard diet containing 20 per cent casein for the same experimental period. Findings RBCs, serum and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents were significantly increased in HC-D, compared to C group (p = 0.04, p = 0.02 and 0.03). These values were significantly decreased (48 per cent and 64 per cent; p = 0.02 and p = 0.0007) in serum and liver of HC-D-OC vs HC-D group. In RBCs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were, respectively, 1.5, 2- and 1.7-fold higher (p = 0.03, p = 0.008 and p = 0.03) in HC-D group compared to HC group. In serum and liver, SOD, CAT and GST activities were, respectively, 1.3-, 2.6- and 1.6-fold increased (p = 0.03, p = 0.007 and p = 0.02). In HC-D-OC compared to HC-D group, RBCs glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CAT and GST activities were, respectively, 2.1-, 3.3- and 2.1-fold higher (p = 0.04, p = 0.0009 and p = 0.03). In serum, SOD and CAT activities were, respectively, 1.5- and 1.9-fold increased (p = 0.02, p = 0.02). In liver, SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and GST activities were significantly increased (p = 0.005, p = 0.03, p = 0.02 and p = 0.04). Originality/value In diabetic rats-fed cholesterol-enriched diet, OC was able to reduce oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant enzymes activities in serum, RBCs and liver.

Effects of Administration of beta-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Persimmons, and Pods on Antioxidative Ability in UV-Irradiated ODS Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosotani ◽  
Yoshida ◽  
Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidative Ability

To evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with carotenoid and ascorbic acid (AsA) on the antioxidative ability of Osteogenic Disorder-Shionogi (ODS) rats, we added synthetic b-carotene (bC), AsA, and powders of persimmon (Ka) and pods (Po) containing bC and AsA to the diet and obtained the following results. The urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration was low in the –betaC•AsA and +AsA groups but high in the +betaC. AsA, +Ka, and +Po groups. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in both the liver and skin were higher in the –betaC•AsA group than in the +betaC•AsA group and were low in the +Ka and +Po groups. As antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was high in the +betaC•AsA group, low in the –betaC•AsA group in both the skin and liver, and also high in the + Ka and +Po group in the liver. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was high in the –betaC•AsA group and low in the +betaC•AsA and +Ka groups in both the skin and liver. Catalase (CAT) activity in the liver was low in the –betaC•AsA, + AsA, and +betaC groups and high in the +betaC•AsA and + Po groups. These results confirmed that the administration of betaC, AsA, and persimmons and pods increases antioxidative ability in the skin and liver of ultraviolet-b(UV-B)-irradiated ODS rats.

scholarly journals Increased Oxidative Stress and Imbalance in Antioxidant Enzymes in the Brains of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane B. Ceretta ◽  
Gislaine Z. Réus ◽  
Helena M. Abelaira ◽  
Karine F. Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanni Zappellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (SNC) as well as alterations in oxidative stress. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan on memory and oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by using a single injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), and fifteen days after induction, the rats memory was evaluated through the use of the object recognition task. The oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the rat brain. The results showed that diabetic rats did not have alterations in their recognition memory. However, the results did show that diabetic rats had increases in the levels of superoxide in the prefrontal cortex, and in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in the prefrontal cortex and in the amygdala in submitochondrial particles. Also, there was an increase in protein oxidation in the hippocampus and striatum, and in TBARS oxidation in the striatum and amygdala. The SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats in the striatum and amygdala. However, the CAT activity was increased in the hippocampus taken from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan did not cause alterations in the animals’ recognition memory, but it produced oxidants and an imbalance between SOD and CAT activities, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Eryngium carlinae in Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana García-Cerrillo ◽  
Ruth Noriega-Cisneros ◽  
Donovan Peña-Montes ◽  
Maribel Huerta-Cervantes ◽  
Mónica Silva-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Metabolic diseases have increased considerably such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Since diabetes is a systemic disease, it implies high cardiovascular risks. It has been widely established that cardiac injury is related to mitochondrial dysfunction through increment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Synthetic antioxidants can have important side effects; therefore natural sources may represent a better option. Traditional Mexican medicine has been using Eryngium carlinae (EC) for medical treatment. Also our group showed that hexanic extract possesses in vitro antioxidant capacity. Experimental diabetes in Wistar rats was generated by streptozotocin (STZ) and hexanic extract of EC was supplied for 7 weeks (30 mg/kg). Cholesterol, triacylglycerides, glucose, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in serum. Mitochondria from left ventricle were used in the quantification of TBARS, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide (NO) levels and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was performed.  Biochemical parameters of glucose and triacylglycerides, as well as TBARS levels in serum show a significant reduction in diabetic group supplied with EC hexanic extract. Thus, we can conclude that the EC hexanic extract possesses antioxidant activity in vitro, and in vivo, by reducing glucose and triacylglycerides levels during hyperglycemia, which may eventually reduce the risk of developing diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Zygophyllum album aqueous extract reduces glycemia and ameliorates lipid profile and oxidative damage in hypercholesterolemic-diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmina Bahlil ◽  
Djamil Krouf ◽  
Nawal Taleb-Dida
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cholesterol Acyl Transferase ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to study the effects of Zygophyllum album (Za) (Z. album) in hypercholesterolemic-diabetic rats. Design/methodology/approach Male Wistar rats (n = 36) weighing 200 ± 10 g, consumed an experimental diet containing 20 per cent casein were divided into three groups (n = 12). The first group consumed the diet enriched with 1 per cent cholesterol (CH), the second group is rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg body weight) (D) (DM). The third group is hypercholesterolemic and STZ-induced diabetic (CH-DM); each group was subdivided into two groups (n = 6), non-treated groups (CH, DM and CH-DM) and treated groups supplemented with 1 per cent Z. album lyophilized aqueous extract (CH-Z, DM-Z and CH-DM-Z). Findings In CH-DM group, Z. album decreases glycemia (−15 per cent) and inversely increases insulinemia (+28 per cent) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (+19 per cent). In liver, total cholesterol (TC) and triacyglycerols (TAG) levels were reduced by −57 per cent and −29 per cent, respectively. In plasma, TC concentration was increased by +20 per cent, whereas those of TAG level were lowered by −56 per cent. Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase and paraoxonase 1 activities were raised by +45 and +59 per cent, respectively. Inversely, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels were lowered significantly in liver, heart, kidney and adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced in liver (+54 per cent), heart (+36 per cent), kidney (+45 per cent) and adipose tissue (59 per cent). Liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was enhanced by +38 per cent and heart activities of GSH-Px, and glutathione reductase (GSSH-Red) were increased by +25 and +18 per cent. In kidney, GSH-Px activity was reduced by −26 per cent; in reverse, GSSH-Red activity was increased by +14 per cent. In adipose tissue, GSH-Px and GSSH-Red activities were augmented by +35 and +15 per cent. Originality/value These results suggest that Z. album aqueous extract has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic actions. Also, Z. album protects against tissue oxidative damage; therefore, it can help to prevent cardiovascular complications of diabetes combined with hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Spirulina maxima and its effect on antioxidant activity in fructose induced oxidative stress with histopathological observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Urmila Jarouliya ◽  
Anish Zacharia ◽  
Raj K. Keservani ◽  
Godavarthi B.K.S Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Spirulina Maxima

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to explore the antioxidant effect of Spirulina maxima in rat model along with the histopathological observations. Diabetes was induced by feeding 10% fructose solution orally to Wistar rats (n = 6) for 30 days, analysed for plasma blood glucose and the markers of the oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. These biochemical studies were associated with histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The microalga Spirulina maxima being rich in proteins and other essential nutrients is widely used as a food supplement. S. maxima at a dose of 5 and 10% per kg and the metformin (500 mg/kg) as reference drug were given orally for 30 days to the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.001) elevations in plasma blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and significant reduction in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activity. Oral administration of 5 and 10% aqueous extract of S. maxima for 30 days restored not only of blood glucose levels but also markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological observations of tissues manifested that the S. maxima administration had the protective and therapeutic effects against fructose-induced abnormalities in diabetic rats. It is concluded that S. maxima is effective in reinstating the antioxidant activity in addition to its antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Potentiality of the Aqueous-Methanolic Extract of Seed ofSwietenia mahagoni(L.) Jacq. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Albino Rat: A Correlative and Evidence-Based Approach with Antioxidative and Antihyperlipidemic Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasis De ◽  
Kausik Chatterjee ◽  
Kazi Monjur Ali ◽  
Tushar Kanti Bera ◽  
Debidas Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Antidiabetic, antioxidative, and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous-methanolic (2 : 3) extract ofSwietenia mahagoni(L.) Jacq. (family Meliaceae) seed studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Feeding with seed extract (25 mg 0.25 mL distilledwater−1100 gm b.w.−1rat−1 day−1) for 21 days to diabetic rat lowered the blood glucose level as well as the glycogen level in liver. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase, and levels of the products of free radicals like conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscles were corrected towards the control after this extract treatment in this model. Furthermore, the seed extract corrected the levels of serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoproteins towards the control level in this experimental diabetic model. The results indicated the potentiality of the extract ofS. mahagoniseed for the correction of diabetes and its related complications like oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. The extract may be a good candidate for developing a safety, tolerable, and promising neutraceutical treatment for the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Further Studies on Antioxidant Potential and Protection of Pancreaticβ-Cells byEmbelia ribesin Experimental Diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Bhandari ◽  
Neeti Jain ◽  
K. K. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Embelia Ribes

This study was designed to examine the antioxidant defense by ethanolic extract ofEmbelia ribeson streptozotocin-(40 mg/kg, intravenously, single-injection) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Forty days of oral feeding the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to diabetic rats resulted in significant(P<.01)decrease in blood glucose, blood glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and increase in blood glutathione levels as compared to pathogenic diabetic rats. Further, the extract also significantly(P<.01)decreased the pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and significantly(P<.01)increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in pancreatic tissue of pathogenic diabetic rats. The islets were shrunken in diabetic rats in comparison to normal rats. In the drug-treated diabetic rats, there was expansion of islets. The results of test drug were comparable to gliclazide (25 mg/kg, daily), a standard antihyperglycemic agent. The study concludes thatEmbelia ribesenhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and this protectsβ-cells against loss, and exhibit antidiabetic property.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUSIN THE BLOOD OF ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N. M. Luhinich ◽  
I. V. Gerush ◽  
N. P. Grygorieva
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Modified Proteins ◽  
Oxidatively Modified ◽  
Ceruloplasmin Activity ◽  
Oxidatively Modified Proteins

Introduction. The experimental model of alloxane diabetes is quite common, which is often used to study the different aspects of pathogenesis and pathomorphology of diabetes. It is known that during the diabetes activation of free radical oxidation of biomolecules occurs as well as depletion of the antioxidant system. Melatonin can suppress reactive oxygen species and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the study – to investigate the effect of melatonin on oxidant and antioxidant status in the blood of alloxan diabetic rats. Research Methods. Experiments were conducted on white outbred sexually mature male rats. In the blood plasma was determined content of oxidatively modified proteins, the ceruloplasmin activity; in the hemolisate of erythrocytes was determined content of TBA-reactive products, the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Results and Discussion. The results of our studies showed that under conditions of alloxane diabetes, processes of free radical damage to biomolecules are intensified, as evidenced by the increase in the content of TBA-active products and oxidatively modified proteins in the blood of rats on 7 and 14 days of alloxane diabetes. The activity of catalase and ceruloplasmin in the blood of alloxan diabetic rats was lower than in the control group of animals but the SOD activity was significantly increased. The positive effect of melatonin is shown on 7 and 14 days and decrease the content of TBA-active products and oxidatively modified proteins blood of rats compared with untreated animals. Also, the administration of melatonin contributed to the normalization of the activity antioxidant enzymes of blood in rats with alloxane diabetes: increase of catalase activity in erythrocytes, ceruloplasmin activity and decrease SOD activity compared with untreated animals. Conclusions. The introduction of exogenous melatonin in rats with alloxane diabetes in a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 7 and 14 days cause a pronounced antioxidant effect, reducing free radical oxidation and normalizing the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the blood alloxan diabetic rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document