scholarly journals Awareness of Oral Cancer in a Northwestern Nigerian State: Assessing the Knowledge, Opinion, and Practice of Traditional Healers and Herbalists

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Adebola ◽  
Babatunde O. Bamgbose ◽  
Joshua B. Adeoye ◽  
Taiwo G. Amole
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Herbalists ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Traditional healers/herbalists remain one of the most accessible and popular options of care to people suffering from cancers particularly at the community level in Nigeria. The majority of patients with oral cancer present at the terminal stage after exploring unorthodox care. This study assesses the awareness of oral cancer among traditional caregivers in Kano State, Northwestern (NW) Nigeria. Methods: Self-administered, structured questionnaires were administered to a cross section of 21 traditional caregivers. Results: Of the 21 traditional caregivers studied, the majority (66.7%) had never heard of oral cancer and only 7 (33.3%) were aware. The level of knowledge on oral cancer was assessed using a scoring system classifying respondents as having adequate (>50%) or inadequate (<50%) knowledge. There was a significant educational status gap as respondents with informal education had lesser knowledge than that of their counterparts who had formal education (61.9% versus 19.0%) (P = 0.012). Conclusions: It is important to have allied healthcare providers informed about oral cancer, as their knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and its risk factors, which were low in our study, are vital in prevention and early detection. Impact: This study provides an insight into oral cancer prevention using traditional herbalists who are popular caregivers for those seeking health-related solutions.

scholarly journals Appraisals of the Socio- Economic Characteristics of Waste scavengers in Mubi Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel John Gangaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The study examines the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of waste scavengers, practitioners of a common form of solid waste resource recovery practices in Mubi metropolis. A total number of two hundred sets of questionnaire were administered to waste scavengers and eight waste merchants out of which 176 sets of the questionnaire were retrieved and analysed. The purposive and Snowball Sampling Techniques were employed to identify the respondents. Tables, percentage Charts, point bisereal correlation, t-test and one way ANOVA technique were used for the analysis. The results revealed that majority of the scavengers within Mubi metropolis are male (93.2%). The female counterparts do not partake much in these types of trade. The reason could not be far fetched from the unwholesome nature of the business and its demands. Generally, the educational status of respondents’ shows that majority of practitioners 44.3% pass through formal education or may not have attended any school system. This attest to the fact that they may not be knowledgeable with regard to the rudiment of resource recycling or reuse. Further result revealed that practitioners were overwhelmingly pushed into scavenging business (93.8%) by poverty/unemployment. Be as it may, all (100%) scavengers revealed that scavenging has increased their income and consequently their standard of living. The Pearson's point-biserial correlation coefficient shows a very weak negative linear relationship between both variables of income and impact of scavenging on health of scavengers. (rpb = -0.071, n = 176, p = 3, At p > 0.05) This relationship goes to show that there is no significant relationship between monthly income and impact (positive and negative) of scavenging on health of Merchants and scavengers in Mubi metropolitan area of Adamawa State. Conclusively, scavenging practice plays a greater role in poverty alleviation and creation of employment especially among those categories of scavengers that attended informal education or not any other school system. However, most scavengers (61.4%) affairs to be urgent need of capital to sustain and boost their businesse.

scholarly journals Science of Pedagogy: Theory of Educational Discipline and Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irēna Žogla
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Doctoral Programmes ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The article addresses and provides an introduction to pedagogy in its capacity of science and a university discipline in the field of education sciences. Nowadays not only teacher education programmes are embedded in theories and follow transitions of pedagogy. These have become even more complex, therefore, challenge new discussions in the evolving importance of human relations and transition towards learning-centred science of pedagogy to underpin practice of competence-oriented education. Based on the main historical processes in Latvia and along with informative insight into the practices of European universities and research, the article traces the traditional background of pedagogy, the challenging role of philosophy to foster understanding of pedagogy as a unique, well-structured science with its object of investigation, which is not being explored by any other science. Alongside the discrete field of education and constantly evolving research, pedagogy develops its theories, all-level practices and disciplines within tertiary and doctoral programmes; because of these its changing nature provides sustainability, cause critique and improvements to an extent which is resilient to multiple external forces. The article highlights some current developments of pedagogy as a stable, open-to-diversity and innovative theory to underpin the process of formal and informal education. The understanding of pedagogy in its meaning of teacher philosophy-in-use leads to a discussion of the constant and changing components of the definition. The intellectual tradition of pedagogy has become a phenomenon and notion to be compared and clarified in the context of another phenomenon – education sciences. The conclusions remind therefore the benefit of adopting the science of pedagogy being a theory and practice of formal education.

scholarly journals ECO CAMP EDUCATIONAL TOURISM PHENOMENON IN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Susanti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Nonformal Education ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The People ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Insight Into

The topic of this Phenomenology Research Topics is the Extensification of environment education with respect to ESD over nonformal education systems. The title of this paper Eco Camp Educational Tourism Phenomenon in Indonesia. This research will reveal the reality of the expansion of non-formal education system in the form of a visit to an environmentally friendly area in northern Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The research will answer questions about the phenomenon of eco camp educational tourism in Indonesia, the people who are specifically linked to eco camp educational tourism, how eco camp educational tourism affect the learning behavior of children and parents involved, changes that the parents and the children feel after participating in eco camp educational tourism, how eco camp educational tourism affect others around them, their feelings when participating in eco camp educational tourism, their opinion about eco camp educational tourism, and changes and circumstances that children remember when participating eco camp educational tourism. The key informants in this research are representative of 3 communities which are 4 children aged 5-9 years old and parents aged 29-38 years old. This research describes experience of present reality related to the phenomenon of non-formal education system in order to provide insight into the environment for the younger generation. The findings of this research have implications for educational technology. In the future, the concept eco camp educational tourism will be oriented towards education that can be adapted by formal and also informal education.

scholarly journals Does the informal education training increase awareness of anaphylaxis among students of medicine? Before-after survey study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Leszkowicz ◽  
Agata Pieńkowska ◽  
Wojciech Nazar ◽  
Eliza Bogdan ◽  
Natalia Kwaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Auto Injector

Abstract BackgroundAllergies are among the most common chronic diseases in Europe. The most serious complication of allergies is anaphylactic shock. Most of cases occur outside the hospital, thus knowledge of symptoms and first aid is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about anaphylaxis and ability to use adrenaline auto-injectors among medical students and to determine an improvement after a training based on non-formal education.MethodsThe research was conducted among 365 medicine students from the Medical University of Gdańsk. The respondents completed a multiple-choice knowledge test, before theoretical and practical training on adrenaline auto-injector use was given, then they re-took the test. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal characteristics of students of different grades. T-test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was an increase in knowledge test scores (on average, 28.6%, p=0.0168) after training. The average test score increase questions for the whole study group was 2.29, varying between 4.96 and 7.25, out of 8. Almost all (99.4%) of the respondents after training believed that they would be able to use adrenaline auto-injector in an emergency.ConclusionsTested students didn’t have sufficient knowledge to provide first aid in cases of anaphylaxis before schooling. The training based on non-formal education was effective. Using the subject-performed task method helps remembering stages of action in stressful situations. This type of training would increase self-efficacy among various social groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Educational Status on Underweight among Lactating Women in Ethiopia A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wosenyeleh Semeon Bagajjo ◽  
◽  
Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Berhanu Bifato ◽  
Abiyu Ayalew Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Lactating Women

Objective: The objective of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between educational status and underweight among lactating women in Ethiopia The studies conducted before indicate in consistence association between educational status and underweight among lactating women in Ethiopia. We include 7 studies in different regions of Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The databases, including PubMed, Google scholar were systematically searched from 2015 to 2020. Data were extracted and tabulated by two reviewers using a table containing the following variables: author, title, date of publication, city(s)/ Region / study design, sample size, percentage women with informal education and percentage women with formal education and underweight. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies quality assessment tool was adapted and used to assess the quality of each study. The combined adjusted Odds ratios (OR)) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effect model. Results: In the current meta-analysis seven observational studies involving 3113 lactating women’s were used to estimate the pooled effect size of underweight. The result of 7 included studies indicated that the pooled odd ratio of underweight among women with informal education compared with women with formal education in Ethiopia was 2.47 (95% CI: 1.69, 3.83). Publication bias for estimating the odd ratio of underweight for women with informal education compared to women with formal education (p = 0.881) and (p = 0.649 ) respectively Heterogeneity was statistically significant (I2=76% Q=25.06; P<0•001). From 54.35% (1692) women who have informal education 16.35% (509) women have underweight. The overall proportion of underweight was 16.35% and 6.58% for those having informal education and formal education respectively. Conclusions: There was evidence that lactating mothers with informal education are more likely to experience underweight. Based on our findings, we strongly recommended that the health education activities about nutrition should be targeted among lactating women with informal education through health extension workers

scholarly journals Empirical Studies of Indigenous and Medicinal Utilization of African Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa. Jacq Benth) in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Isiaka Sodimu ◽  
M. Bello Usman ◽  
M. Mojishola Olorukooba ◽  
N. Olarotimi Oladele ◽  
Rukayat Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean

The study examines the indigenous and medicinal utilization of African locust bean tree Parkia biglobosa) in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) questionnaires were randomly administered in each of the six (6) districts to make a total of one hundred and twenty questionnaires (120). Ninety (90) were retrieved. The results show that the species is a multipurpose tree that can be subjected to various indigenous uses such as: root decoction in treatment of coccidiosis in poultry (100%), green pod of the fruit use as a fish poison to catch fish in the rivers (100%), seeds, pods, and fruits use as a drinking ingredients (75%), mature wood of the species are use in light construction of mortars and pestles, different kinds of furniture and utensils (75%) and so on. The result further, revealed that the plant parts (leaves; stem; bark, root, exudates (gum) seed and yellow pulp) is used in treatment and prevention of various diseases such as small pox; pile; malaria; dysentery; diarrhea; leprosy; snake bite; fever; measles, convulsion in infant, liver problem, headache, ear, skin diseases and so on. Demographic characteristic of the respondents was also examined. The percentage of male was (43.34%) while that of their female counter part was (56.66%). Majority (43.33%) of the respondents were between 31 – 40 years’ age bracket and majority (44.44%) are married with majority (37.78%) having 1-5 house hold size. 45.56% of the respondents had secondary education while 2.22% had no formal education and majority (51.11%) are traditional healers. The regression analysis showed significant relationship between age, household size, educational status, occupation and the indigenous and medicinal utilization of African locust bean tree(P<0.05) level of significant. However, it is recommended that sustainability of biological resources should be ensured so that medicinal plants such as Parkia biglobosa do not go into extinction. Also, enforcement of the forestry act with regards to illegal and indiscriminately felling of trees like Parkia biglobosa are highlighted.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan ◽  
Iara Fiorentin Comunello ◽  
Constanza Marín ◽  
Eduardo Mazzetti Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.

Understanding Health Behavior: An Integrated Model for Social Marketers

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cismaru ◽  
Anne M. Lavack ◽  
Heather Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
Kim D. Dorsch
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
Insight Into

Many effective social marketing campaigns seek to change health-related behavior by utilizing various health-protective behavioral theories. In this article, we review and integrate three such theories: protection motivation theory (PMT), the extended parallel process model (EPPM), and the transtheoretical model (TTM). We highlight how EPPM and TTM can be used to refine PMT by adding insight into the decision-making process involved when consumers consider whether or not to follow a particular recommended health behavior. Specifically, the development of an integrated PMT model can provide insight into the characteristics of people more or less likely to change, what happens when persuasion fails, and what can be done to increase persuasion. Developing an integrated PMT model opens new avenues of research that have the potential to increase our understanding of behavior and assist in creating more persuasive social marketing campaigns.

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