scholarly journals Analysis of the Anticancer Phytochemicals inAndrographis paniculataNees. under Salinity Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush Talei ◽  
Alireza Valdiani ◽  
Mahmood Maziah ◽  
Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu ◽  
Mohd Said Saad
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

Salinity causes the adverse effects in all physiological processes of plants. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of salt stress to enhance the accumulation of the anticancer phytochemicals inAndrographis paniculataaccessions. For this purpose, 70-day-old plants were grown in different salinity levels (0.18, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dSm−1) on sand medium. After inducing a period of 30-day salinity stress and before flowering, all plants were harvested and the data on morphological traits, proline content and the three anticancer phytochemicals, including andrographolide (AG), neoandrographolide (NAG), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG), were measured. The results indicated that salinity had a significant effect on the aforementioned three anticancer phytochemicals. In addition, the salt tolerance index (STI) was significantly decreased, while, except for DDAG, the content of proline, the AG, and NAG was significantly increased (P≤0.01). Furthermore, it was revealed that significant differences among accessions could happen based on the total dry weight, STI, AG, and NAG. Finally, we noticed that the salinity at 12 dSm−1led to the maximum increase in the quantities of AG, NAG, and DDAG. In other words, under salinity stress, the tolerant accessions were capable of accumulating the higher amounts of proline, AG, and NAG than the sensitive accessions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals Screening of jute and kenaf varieties for salinity tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Md. Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
K M. Mehadi Hassan ◽  
Nowrose Jahan Lipi ◽  
Md Rafiq Uddin ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from April to August 2012 to examine the salinity tolerance of eight jute varieties (CVE-3, C-83, CVL-1, BJC-7370, O-795, O-9897, OM-1, O-72) and two kenaf varieties (HC-95 and HC-2). Initially germination of these varieties were evaluated under six salinity levels viz. 0mM, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM NaCl in the seed laboratory of the Department of Agronomy. Afterwards, all the varieties was grown in pots in the net house under four salinity levels viz. 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, and 75mM. The results from the germination study revealed that under control condition (0mM NaCl) all the jute varieties showed germination more than 80% both at 7 and at 14 days after seed sowing, whereas kenaf varieties had germination a little less than 80%. Among the jute varieties, O-72 showed the highest germination (92%), which was statistically similar with those of OM-1(91%), O-795 (90%), and C-83(87%). Salinity stress decreased germination drastically in all of the jute and kenaf varieties. A salinity level of 100mM caused the highest germination inhibition (74.70%) in jute variety CVL-1, which was very close to those of BJC-7370 and O-72. On the other hand, the lowest germination inhibition (51.11%) was recorded in jute variety O-795. The results of the pot trail showed that the plant characters of jute and kenaf varieties were affected significantly by salinity stress. All the varieties produced their respective plant height, number of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight under control condition (no salinity). Among these varieties, CVE-3 produced the highest plant height (145.2cm), and total dry weight (22.55g), whereas O-72 produced the highest number of leaves per plant (24.67). All these plant characters decreased sharply due to salinity stress irrespective of variety. However, the rate of decrease of plant characters occurred differentially in the jute and kenaf varieties. The highest rate of decrease in number of leaves (74.22%) was found from the variety CVE-3, whereas the lowest one was recorded from the variety HC-2 (51.68%). Salinity stress caused the highest decrease in total plant dry weight (73.68%) in the variety CVL-1 and plant height (73.64%) also in the variety CVL-1. On the contrary, the lowest decrease in plant dry weight (50.99%) was found in the variety O-9897 and plant height also in variety O-9897 (50.88%). Based on the results from germination test and pot trail, it can be inferred that jute variety O-9897 appeared to be the most salt tolerant followed by O-795, HC-2, HC-95, CVE-3, O-72, C-83, BJC-7370, OM-1, and CVL-1.    

Differential Responses on Chlorophyll Content, Osmolyte Accumulation and Membrane Damage Parameters under Salinity Stress on Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes of Groundnut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Pal ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

Salinity can affect different physiological activity of plant in various ways. A controlled study was conducted to screen 26 genotypes of groundnut under 200mM NaCl salinity stress. The salt tolerance index or STI of the genotypes ranged from 47.57% to 96.40%. Out of all the genotypes KDG-197 (STI= 96.40%) was found to be the most tolerant under a salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl and it was closely followed by R 2001-2 (STI=87.92%), VG 315 (STI=84.05%), TCGS 1157 (STI=77.59%) and TG 51 (STI=73.67%). While the genotypes Girnar 3 (STI= 47.57%), OG 52-1 (STI=49.09%), TVG 0856 (STI= 49.28%) and J 86 (STI= 50.66%) were the most susceptible genotypes based on their relative performance under stress in respect of total dry weight. It has been noted further that out of the nine genotypes, KDG 197 registered the minimum reduction (4.51% over control, 2.70% over control) in total chlorophyll and sugar accumulation respectively under NaCl stress whereas, Girnar 3 recorded the highest reduction in both parameters (60.00%, 70.32% over control) respectively, under saline condition. The genotype KDG 197 and R 2001-2 accounted for the highest increase in soluble protein and proline content in their leaves (144.02%, 780.16% over control) respectively than Girnar 3. KDG 197 recorded the minimum (3.39%) increase in lipid peroxidation under stress followed by R 2001-2 with an increase of 13.04% over control plants. In contrast, Girnar 3 registered the highest increase of TBARS content and electrolyte leakage (44.44%, 31.47% over control respectively) indicating maximum membrane damage but R 2001-2 recorded the minimum (3.00%) increase in electrolyte leakage percentage than Girnar 3 (31.47% over control) followed by OG 52-1 (26.14% over control) under stress. So, better osmotic adjustment through accumulation of proline, less membrane damage the leaves helped the tolerant genotypes to sustain under salinity stress in a better way than the susceptible genotypes.

scholarly journals Integrated effects of bacteria and fungi biofertilizers on morphological traits, antioxidants indices, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under salinity condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giti Karimi ◽  
Latifeh Pourakbar ◽  
Sina Siavash Moghaddam ◽  
Jelena Popović-Djordjević
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract It is imperative to assess the potential of halophyte plant species, such as quinoa, in resisting high salinity levels in arid and semi-arid regions where the productivity of crops is dramatically affected. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted to explore the effect of integrated biofertilizer, on morphological traits, antioxidants, and polyphenol compounds of quinoa under salinity stress. The studied factors included NaCl salinity stress at three levels of 0, 150, and 300 mM (S0, S150, and S300, respectively), Trichoderma (T) fungus at two levels (its use and non-use), and biofertilizer at three levels (control, nitrogen (FN), and phosphorus (FP). The means of the studied traits showed that the highest shoot length and dry weight was related to S0T0FN, the highest root length to S150TFN, the highest root dry weight to S0T0FN, and the highest phenol and flavonoid contents to S300TFP and S0TFN treatments. Among polyphenols, the highest caffeic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, and quercetin were observed in S0TFP, and the highest levels of chlorogenic, rosmarinic, cinnamic acids, and apigenin (mg/kg) were observed in S0TFN. To sum up, Bacteria and fungi biofertilizers were effective on the studied traits at the three salinity levels.

Response of abscisic acid mutants of Arabidopsis to salinity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Increases in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plant tissues correlate with growth inhibition in salt-stressed plants. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Arabidopsis ABA mutants different in, or insensitive to, ABA would respond differently than wild type (wt) to salinity stress. Seeds (wt, abi1-1, abi2-1, abi3-1, and aba1-3) were germinated and grown hydroponically in three separate experiments with different environmental conditions: relative humidity at 80 or 100%, day/night temperatures at 21/18 or 23/20˚C, and light intensity at 125, 200 or 350 μmol photons m–2 s-1. Plants were exposed to salinity (either 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl or 1, 5, and 9 dS m–1 with a Na/Ca ratio of 10 depending on the experiment) for one to several weeks before harvesting. The effect of salinity on root elongation rates of young seedlings was measured as well. Two-way ANOVA of root elongation rates of young seedlings and the growth of 3-week old plants in hydroponic solutions indicated that salinity inhibited growth, increased ABA and Na concentrations, and reduced K concentrations in all genotypes tested. However, there were no significant interactions with salinity and genotype for root elongation rates, total dry weight, shoot ABA and K concentrations. Shoot Na concentrations were significantly higher in wt plants relative to other genotypes subjected to high salinity stress. aba1-3 had significantly lower ABA concentrations than other genotypes, but the interaction of aba1-3 with salinity was the same as other genotypes. The lack of difference in interaction between genotype and salinity indicates that all genotypes responded in the same manner and amount to salinity for the particular parameter measured. Therefore, it appears that there are no significant differences in growth in response to salinity between the ABA mutants (ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive) and wt. However, in contrast to the other genotypes, some of the ABA-deficient plants, aba1-3, died when exposed to high salinity and high light intensity. ABA appears to provide a protective role in conditions of high salinity and high light intensity.

scholarly journals Mahameru Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar, High Salinity Tolerant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Juwarno Juwarno ◽  
Tata Brata Suparjana ◽  
Muachiroh Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Soybean Plants

Mahameru cultivar is high salinity tolerant cultivar. The previous study result showed Mahameru cultivar could tolerate 140mM NaCl, but Cilacap Coast salinity levels often reaching 200mM NaCl. A research of salinity stress on Mahameru cultivar at 200 mM NaCl have not conducted yet. Therefore to conduct the research of Mahameru at high salinity stress to obtained high salinity tolerant soybean cultivar.   The observed variables are anatomy (epidermis thickness, the density of stomata and trichomes, palisade thickness) physiology (the dry weight of roots and canopy, the content of chlorophyll a and b) Production (whole pod, total filled pod, total empty pod, weight per one-hundred beans). The salinity treatment was 0, 50,100, 150, 200 mM NaCl given at three days before planting and twenty-one days after planting. The data of anatomy and physiology was taken at forty-five days after planting. The production data was taken when soybean plants turned brown. The result indicates that salinity affects anatomy characteristic of leaf, higher the salinity increasing epidermis thickness and the density of stomata and trichomes. Salinity affected the content of chlorophyll a and b. Higher the salinity increased the content of chlorophyll a and b. Salinity did not affect soybean production. Based on this study Mahameru cultivar is resistant to salinity up to 200 mM NaCl. The benefit of this research help to enhance national soybean production with utilization coastal land for soybean planting Mahameru cultivar.         

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in the Leaves of Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes of Groundnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Apurba Pal ◽  
Debjani Dutta ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gunri
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

Aims: To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the light of antioxidative enzymes activity under salinity stress between tolerant and susceptible genotypes of groundnut. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory experiment was carried out in the departmental laboratory of Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, and West Bengal during the year 2017-18. Methodology: A controlled study was conducted to screen 26 genotypes of groundnut under 200 mM NaCl salinity stress. Fourteen-day old seedlings were subjected to salinity treatment. For this, the modified Hoagland nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl (osmotic potential: -0.8 MPa) was applied in each case and the pH was adjusted to 6.3. The treatments were repeated on every third day. Control set without salinity stress was also maintained similarly in each case for comparison of results. Results: The salt tolerance index or STI of the genotypes ranged from 47.57% to 96.40%. Out of all the genotypes KDG-197 (STI= 96.40%) was found to be the most tolerant under a salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl and it was closely followed by R 2001-2 (STI=87.92%), VG 315 (STI=84.05%), TCGS 1157 (STI=77.59%) and TG 51 (STI=73.67%). While the genotypes Girnar 3 (STI= 47.57%), OG 52-1 (STI=49.09%), TVG 0856 (STI= 49.28%) and J 86 (STI= 50.66%) were the most susceptible genotypes based on their relative performance under stress in respect of total dry weight. It has been noted further that, out of the nine genotypes, enhancement of antioxidative enzyme like super oxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalase (CAT) activity was recorded maximally in tolerant genotype KDG 197 (64.18%, 71.74% and 52.82% increase over control respectively) and R 2001-2 (53.68 %, 93.48% and 53.96 % increase over control respectively) but the activity of these enzyme in the four susceptible genotypes declined considerably under salinity treatment. Conclusion: Tolerant genotypes of groundnut in general registered much higher activities of antioxidative enzymes in their leaves as compared to the susceptible genotype under high salinity stress.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Lead by Pepper Elder (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) in a Lead-Contaminated Hydroponic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Jessica O. Tablang ◽  
◽  
Florenda B. Temanel ◽  
Ron Patrick C. Campos ◽  
Helen C. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Lead (Pb) has become one of the most common heavy metal contaminants, demanding research on economical remediation approaches with minimal ecological impacts. Pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida) is a fast-growing plant that can be a candidate for bioaccumulation and phytoremediation. In this study, the lead bioaccumulation of P. pellucida was assessed by determining the growth response and absorptive capacity of the plant. Plants were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with 500 mg/L of Pb for 28 days. Growth response, absorptive capacity and tolerance of plants grown in contaminated nutrient solution were determined in comparison with control plants. After 28 days of exposure, lead phytotoxicity symptoms such as wilting, chlorosis and necrosis were observed on some plants. The control plants recorded 3.08 g total dry weight (DW) compared to the 1.35 g in Pb-contaminated plants. The tolerance index (TI) of P. pellucida was at 43.40%. The plants were able to absorb lead, with the concentration of lead in the roots (158.6 µg/g) being greater than the concentration of the metal in the shoots (43.2 µg/g). Meanwhile, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values were recorded at 0.40 and 0.27, respectively. BCF criterion indicates that the plant is not suitable for phytoextraction, but TF value shows that the plant can be a potential excluder. The findings of the study show that P. pellucida accumulated considerable amount of lead within its tissues, indicating that the plants may be further exploited for their capacity to absorb heavy metals by tweaking several factors that may affect its bioaccumulation ability.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiology and Anatomical Responses of Sorghum Seedlings as Affected by Salinity in Hydroponic Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
MN Sarkar ◽  
AKMZ Hossain ◽  
SN Islam ◽  
S Shahanaz ◽  
MZ Tareq
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

An experiment was conducted at the growth chamber of Department of Crop Botany in the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during March 2018 to observe morpho-physiology and anatomical response of sorghum. Six genotypes were grown in hydroponics with a full nutrient solution (NH4NO3-500 μM; Ca(NO3)2-500 μM; MgSO4-200 μM; KH2P04 -100 μM; FeC13-2μM; H2B03-11 μM; MnC12-2μM; ZnC12-0.35μM; CuCl2-0.2μM; (NH4)6Mo704-0.1 μM) and 100 mM salinity was imposed on 14 days seedlings. Data on morpho-physiological and anatomical parameters from seedlings were collected after 21 days and stress tolerant indexes of shoot and root were analyzed. Anatomical parameters like metaxylem and protoxylem thickness were also investigated. The results indicated that all the parameters viz. root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, stress tolerance index of root, and shoot, dry weight of shoot and root, relative chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), proline concentration, total root area, vascular cylinder area and root diameter were decreased with increasing salinity levels except leaf proline content. Genotypes BD 750 and BD 686 showed better performance considering tolerant indicators while the poor performance was exhibited by BD 747 and BD 753. Thus, based on overall observation BD 750 and BD 686 might be salt tolerant. The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 52-65

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Wheat as Affected by Soil Salinity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
E Sultana ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
F Alam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

An experiment was conducted to evaluate seedling growth of wheat under saline condition. Thirty wheat genotypes were grown in trays containing different levels of salinity (Control, 6 and 12 dSm-1) during October to December, 2013. Seedling emergence index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight were found to be reduced with the increases of soil salinity level but the degree of reduction were not similar for all wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance index (STI) also indicated a wide difference in salt tolerance among the wheat genotypes. Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, BAW 1185, BAW 1186, BAW 1187, BAW 1189 and BAW 1193 were more salt tolerance while BAW 1177, BAW 1190 and BAW 1198 showed greater salt sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes at 6 dS m-1. However, at 12 dS m-1, Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, Sufi and BAW 1184 showed more salt tolerance and BAW 1183, BAW 1190, BAW 1192, BAW 1194 and BAW 97 provided greater stress sensitivity among the testing wheat genotypes. Considering both saline stress Sourav, Gourav and Shatabdi were found to be salt tolerant and BAW 1190 was saline sensitive wheat genotypes.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 53-66

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