scholarly journals Comparison of Biofilm and Attachment Mechanisms of a Phytopathological and Clinical Isolate ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeSubsp.pneumoniae

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Marcia Nicolau Korres ◽  
Gloria Maria de Farias V. Aquije ◽  
David S. Buss ◽  
Jose Aires Ventura ◽  
Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Pineapple Fruit

Some bacterial species can colonize humans and plants. It is almost impossible to prevent the contact of clinically pathogenic bacteria with food crops, and if they can persist there, they can reenter the human food chain and cause disease. On the leaf surface, microorganisms are exposed to a number of stress factors. It is unclear how they survive in such different environments. By increasing adhesion to diverse substrates, minimizing environmental differences, and providing protection against defence mechanisms, biofilms could provide part of the answer.Klebsiella pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniaeis clinically important and also associated with fruit diseases, such as “pineapple fruit collapse.” We aimed to characterize biofilm formation and adhesion mechanisms of this species isolated from pineapple in comparison with a clinical isolate. No differences were found between the two isolates quantitatively or qualitatively. Both tested positive for capsule formation and were hydrophobic, but neither produced adherence fibres, which might account for their relatively weak adhesion compared to the positive controlStaphylococcus epidermidisATCC 35984. Both produced biofilms on glass and polystyrene, more consistently at 40°C than 35°C, confirmed by atomic force and high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation was maintained in an acidic environment, which may be relevant phytopathologically.

scholarly journals The efficacy of sarang semut extract (Myrmecodia pendens Merr & Perry) in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Zulfan M. Alibasyah ◽  
Ambrosius Purba ◽  
Budi Setiabudiawan ◽  
Hendra Dian Adhita ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Violet Crystal ◽  
Mass Profile

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a pathogenic bacteria present in the oral cavity involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and biofilm. This mass of microorganisms represents one of the virulent factors of P. gingivalis which plays an important role as an attachment initiator in host cells. Sarang semut is a natural material possessing the ability to inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of sarang semut extract on the formation of P. gingivalis biofilm. Methods: The study used methanol sarang semut extract and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and phosphomycin as a positive control. Treatment was initiated by means of culturing. Biofilm test and P. gingivalis biofilm formation observation were subsequently performed by means of a light microscope at a magnification of 400x. Results: The formation of P. gingivalis biofilms tended to increase at 3, 6, and 9 hours. Results of the violet crystal test showed that concentrations of 100% and 75% of the sarang semut extract successfully inhibited the formation of P. gingivalis biofilm according to the incubation time. Meanwhile, the sarang semut extracts at concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.125% resulted in weak inhibition of the formation of P. gingivalis biofilm. The biofilm mass profile observed by a microscope tended to decrease as an indicator of the effects of the sarang semut extract. Conclusion: Sarang semut extract can inhibit the formation of P. gingivalis biofilm, especially at concentrations of 100% and 75%. Nevertheless, phosphomycin has stronger antibiofilm of P. gingivalis effects than those of the sarang semut extract at all of the concentrations listed above.

scholarly journals Effects of Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Oral Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI-HOI MOON ◽  
MI HEE NOH ◽  
EUN-YOUNG JANG ◽  
SEOK BIN YANG ◽  
SANG WOOK KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Polyphosphate (polyP) is a food additive with antimicrobial activity. Here we evaluated the effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10) on four major oral bacterial species, in both single- and mixed-culture. PolyP3 inhibited three opportunistic pathogenic species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the contrary, a commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was relatively less susceptible to polyP3 than the pathogens. When all bacterial species were co-cultured, polyP3 (≥ 0.09%) significantly reduced their total growth and biofilm formation, among which the three pathogenic bacteria were selectively inhibited. Collectively, polyP3 may be an alternative antibacterial agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals MILIACINE INFLUENCE ON THE BIOFILM FORMATION OF BACTERIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
I. N. Chainikova ◽  
Yu. V. Filippova ◽  
B. A. Frolov ◽  
N. B. Perunova ◽  
E. V. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Immunotropic Activity ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Aim. The comparative estimation of miliacine influence on the biofilm formation of bacteria. Materials and methods. The objects of investigation were the clinical isolates of Salmonella enteritidis (28), Salmonella typhimurium (24), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8) and reference strains of lactobacilli (5) and bifidobacteria (3). Miliacin was obtained from crystals of millet oil. Antibacterial activity of miliacin was detected by the method of serial dilutions. For investigation of biofilms miliacin in 100 and 50 mkg/ml concentrations was used. Miliacin was diluted in Twin-21. Biofilm formation was studied by method of O'Toole G.A., Kolter R. (1998) using spectrophotometer Elx 808 (BioTek, USA). The morphometry of biofilms was conducted by atomic force microscopy with the use of scanning probe microscope SMM-2000. Results. Miliacin and its solvent did not influence the growth of bacteria. Maximum sensivity of biofilms to miliacin was detected in K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, minimal - in S. enteritidis. Miliacin did not influence the biofilm formation in strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Conclusion. Miliacin in addition to immunotropic activity, detected earlier, can inhibit the biofilms of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria without influence on the biofilm formation of representatives of usual flora.

scholarly journals Biofilms from Pathogenic Bacteria in Food Processing Environments: Formation and Preventive Disinfection Procedures

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Sarah Hwa In Lee ◽  
Marina Resende Pimenta Portinari ◽  
Carlos Humberto Corassin ◽  
Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Continuous Source

The ability of some pathogenic bacterial species to form biofilms on surfaces of equipment and utensils is of great concern to the food industry since they represent a continuous source of contamination in food processing environments. In this review, the factors involved in the formation of microbial biofilms are highlighted, along with a discussion on the preventive disinfection procedures recommended to avoid the attachment of microbial cells on surfaces of equipment and utensils in food processing areas. Relevant articles published in the last 10 years (2012-present) were selected in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Methods for assessing the adhesion and biofilm formation ability of strains isolated from surfaces in the food industry environment are also presented.

Functional Diversity of Quorum Sensing Receptors in Pathogenic Bacteria: Interspecies, Intraspecies and Interkingdom Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Aqib Javaid ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Inhibitory Molecules

The formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the most powerful mechanisms/modes of resistance against the action of several antibiotics. Biofilm is formed as a structural adherent over the surfaces of host, food and equipments etc. and is further functionally coordinated by certain chemicals produced itself. These chemicals are known as quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules and are involved in the cross talk at interspecies, intraspecies and interkingdom levels thus resulting in the production of virulence factors leading to pathogenesis. Bacteria possess receptors to sense these chemicals, which interact with the incoming QS molecules. It is followed by the secretion of virulence molecules, regulation of bioluminescence, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance development and motility behavioral responses. In the natural environment, different bacterial species (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) produce QS signaling molecules that are structurally and functionally different. Recent and past research shows that various antagonistic molecules (naturally and chemically synthesized) are characterized to inhibit the formation of biofilm and attenuation of bacterial virulence by blocking the QS receptors. This review article describes about the diverse QS receptors at their structural, functional and production levels. Thus, by blocking these receptors with inhibitory molecules can be a potential therapeutic approach to control pathogenesis. Furthermore, these receptors can also be used as a structural platform to screen the most potent inhibitors with the help of bioinformatics approaches.

scholarly journals Uses of Bacteriophages as Bacterial Control Tools and Environmental Safety Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rogovski ◽  
Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro ◽  
Raphael da Silva ◽  
Estêvão Brasiliense de Souza ◽  
Charline Bonatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Bacterial Control

Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and the most abundant biological form on Earth. Each bacterial species possesses one or multiple bacteriophages and the specificity of infection makes them a promising alternative for bacterial control and environmental safety, as a biotechnological tool against pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. This application can be either directly into foods and food-related environments as biocontrol agents of biofilm formation. In addition, bacteriophages are used for microbial source-tracking and as fecal indicators. The present review will focus on the uses of bacteriophages like bacterial control tools, environmental safety indicators as well as on their contribution to bacterial control in human, animal, and environmental health.

Prospects for scanned-probe microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Revel
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Material Scientist ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanned Probe Microscopy

In the last 50+ years the electron microscope and allied instruments have led the way as means to acquire spatially resolved information about very small objects. For the material scientist and the biologist both, imaging using the information derived from the interaction of electrons with the objects of their concern, has had limitations. Material scientists have been handicapped by the fact that their samples are often too thick for penetration without using million volt instruments. Biologists have been handicapped both by the problem of contrast since most biological objects are composed of elements of low Z, and also by the requirement that sample be placed in high vacuum. Cells consist of 90% water, so elaborate precautions have to be taken to remove the water without losing the structure altogether. We are now poised to make another leap forwards because of the development of scanned probe microscopies, particularly the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The scanning probe instruments permit resolutions that electron microscopists still work very hard to achieve, if they have reached it yet. Probably the most interesting feature of the AFM technology, for the biologist in any case, is that it has opened the dream of high resolution in an aqueous environment. There are few restrictions on where the instrument can be used. AFMs can be made to work in high vacuum, allowing the material scientist to avoid contamination. The biologist can be made happy as well. The tips used for detection are made of silicon nitride,(Si3N4), and are essentially unaffected by exposure to physiological saline (about which more below). So here is an instrument which can look at living whole cells and at atoms as well.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

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