scholarly journals MicroRNA in Cervical Cancer: OncomiRs and Tumor Suppressor miRs in Diagnosis and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji Banno ◽  
Miho Iida ◽  
Megumi Yanokura ◽  
Iori Kisu ◽  
Takashi Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Female Specific

Cervical cancer is a female-specific disease with a high incidence and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and in the pathogenic mechanisms of cancer, suggesting their importance in diagnosis and treatment. miRNAs may have roles in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer based on the increases or decreases in several specific miRNAs found in patients with this disease. The miRNAs implicated in cervical cancer are miR-21, miR-126, and miR-143, and clinical application of these miRNAs for diagnosis and treatment is under investigation. Methods for diagnosis of cervical cancer include analysis of changes in the levels of specific miRNAs in serum and determination of aberrant hypermethylation of miRNAs. Supplementation of miR-143 or inhibition of miR-21 activityin vivomay be therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer. Previous approaches to development of siRNA as a drug have provided information for establishment of therapy based on these approaches, and an anti-miR-21 inhibitor has been developed. miRNAs also have effects on drug resistance and may be useful in combination therapy with other drugs.

scholarly journals Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease association: epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment aspects

Pneumologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Camelia Badescu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC) occupy first place among diseases with high incidence and mortality and become a genuine health problem through costs for the medical system. COPD is considered an independent risk factor for LC, in addition to smoking and occupational exposure. Prevention policies and early diagnosis and treatment may contribute to the decrease in the incidence of both diseases. This article reviews the epidemiological overlaps between the two diseases and the particular features of the diagnosis and treatment of LC in COPD patients.

scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity Biomarkers: Role and Significance in the Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
O. V. Muslimova ◽  
V. A. Evteev ◽  
I. A. Mazerkina ◽  
E. A. Sokova ◽  
A. B. Prokofiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Patients

Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) accounts for 8 to 60% of episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospital patients. Early DIKI detection and timely adjustment of therapy will help reduce the kidney injury incidence and mortality. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on the biomarkers used in DIKI diagnosis. The study revealed that the use of such kidney damage markers as serum creatinine, urinary output, urea nitrogen, sodium excretion, urinary sediment microscopy is limited because they do not give a full picture of the kidney injury degree and progression and do not allow for early AKI diagnosis. It was demonstrated that some of the most promising biomarkers are KIM-1, L-FABP, NAG, NGAL, cystatin C, clusterin, β2-microglobulin, МСР-1, IGFBP7, and TIMP-2. However, recommendations for determination of these biomarkers’ urine or blood concentrations for AKI diagnosis are somewhat preliminary, because there have been insufficient clinical and preclinical studies to establish validity of such tests. No precise algorithms based on determination of the biomarkers levels in urea and/or blood serum have been developed for AKI risk assessment, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Thus, further research is necessary to investigate different AKI biomarkers and improve experimental models (both in vivo and in vitro), which will support assessment of potential nephrotoxic properties of existing and new medicinal products.

Histopathologic parameters of prognosis in cervical cancer – a review

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Singh ◽  
S. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Invasion Pattern ◽  
Pattern Of Invasion

Apart from clinical stage and lymph node status, acknowledged to be among the most powerful predictors of outcome in cervical cancer, the determination of prognosis and thereby the need for adjuvant therapy in surgically treated patients currently relies on a variety of histopathologic factors. The role of many of these is controversial. This may be because histopathology is genuinely lacking in sensitivity for predicting tumor behavior in vivo. There is, however, wide variation in histopathologic definitions and criteria. This is probably the major reason for both the lack of reproducibility in the reporting of certain factors and in their diminished value in predicting behavior. Tumor type, grade, vascular invasion, pattern of invasion, and depth are all extremely important prognostic indicators when used individually or as a part of a scoring system.

scholarly journals Gambaran Faktor Risiko Pasien Kanker Serviks di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Astri Nadia Hidayat ◽  
Novita Ariani ◽  
Ida Rahman Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence

   Cervical cancer was one of the most common malignancies in women and was the leading cause of death from cancer, especially in low and middle-income countries (developing countries). The high incidence and mortality rate in developing countries was caused by the lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and limited access to early detection, so that patients come late for treatment and were diagnosed when their condition were severe and the disease had progressed to an advanced stage. This study was conducted in the Medical Record Installation section of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital on 11 August - 2 September 2020. The results of the study were obtained from secondary data from medical records, and data collection was taken by total sampling. Samples that have met the inclusion criteria in this study were 84 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2019. The results showed cervical cancer patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2019 were mostly in the ≥50 year age group (51.2%), multiparous category (77.4%), and High School/ equivalent category (70.2 %). Keywords : Risk Factor, Cervical Cancer, Age, Parity, Education Level

scholarly journals Estimation of midpoint dose for cervical cancer patients using EPID

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Gowri Balan ◽  
Anu Radha Chandrasekaran ◽  
Ramasubramanian Velayudham ◽  
Gopiraj Annamalai ◽  
Mohan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
Measured Dose ◽  
Minimal Effort ◽  
Delivered Dose

Abstract Purpose: To estimate the midpoint dose delivered to cervical cancer patients treated by conventional technique using Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID). Materials and Methods: Clinac 2100 equipped with aS500 EPID was used in this study. A methodology was developed to generate a Gy/Calibration Unit (CU) look up table for the determination of midpoint dose of patients. 25 patients of cervical cancer were included in this study and the delivered dose to the midpoint of the patients was estimated using EPID. The deviation between the prescribed and the measured dose was calculated and analysed. Results: EPID showed a linear response with increase in Monitor unit and the Gy/CU look up table was validated for different field sizes and depth. 250 fields were measured for 25 patients, 10 measurements per patient, weekly once and for 5 weeks. The results show that out of 250 measurements, 98% of the measurements are within ±5% and 83.2% are within ±3% for with a standard deviation of 1.66%. Conclusion: The outcome of this study proves the efficacy of this methodology for the estimation of midpoint dose using EPID with minimal effort, time and without any inconvenience to the patients unlike other in-vivo dosimeters.

scholarly journals Knockdown of DIAPH3 Inhibits the Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells through Inactivating mTOR Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Linling Wan ◽  
Jiamin Zhu ◽  
Qunying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer (CC) ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality among females in worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic and diagnostic targets for cervical cancer. Diaphanous-related formin 3 (DIAPH3) has been identified to play crucial roles in many malignant tumors. But its function and potential mechanism in CC remain largely unknown. In our study, DIAPH3 was frequently upregulated in CC tissue samples and increased expression of DIAPH3 was associated with poor overall survival according to several databases. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that decreased expression levels of DIAPH3 significantly inhibited the progression of CC. The GSEA analysis and western blot assay indicated that DIAPH3 was associated with the mTOR signaling pathway. The univariate and multivariate Cox analysis indicated that DIAPH3 was an independent prognosis risk factor in TCGA-CESC. And we confirmed that DIAPH3 expression was clearly related to tumor immune infiltrating cells (TIICs) by the analysis of CIBERSORT and TIMER databases. Taken together, we revealed that DIAPH3 plays as an oncogene through mTOR signaling pathway and DIAPH3 might be a potential prognostic biomarker in CC.

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast, Ovarian and Cervical Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekhar Talluri ◽  
Rama R. Malla
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Theranostic Agents

Background: The potential of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic agents for cancer has been investigated extensively. SPIONS can be utilized for diagnostic imaging, drug delivery as well as for therapeutic applications. SPIONS are of particular interest because of their potential for non-invasive diagnosis and non-invasive therapeutic applications. This article is a review of in vivo and clinical studies of SPIONs for diagnosis and treatment of breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. The current limitations of this technology with relation to clinical therapeutic applications and the potential to overcome these limitations are also discussed. Methods: NCBI Pubmed was searched for relevant documents by using keyword and MESH based search. The following keyword combinations were used: ‘breast cancer’ and SPION, ‘ovarian cancer’ and SPION, and ‘cervical cancer’ and SPION. The resulting list was manually scanned for the studies involving clinical and in vivo studies. Results: The 29 most relevant publications were identified and reviewed. Conclusion: Although numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the use of SPIONs for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, there is relatively little progress towards translation to clinical applications involving breast, ovarian and cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Quantitative zeptomolar imaging of miRNA cancer markers with nanoparticle assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 3391-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Qu ◽  
Maozhong Sun ◽  
Liguang Xu ◽  
Changlong Hao ◽  
Xiaoling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Markers ◽  
Multiplexed Detection ◽  
Excitation Beam

Multiplexed detection of small noncoding RNAs responsible for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, known as miRNAs, is essential for understanding and controlling cell development. However, the lifetimes of miRNAs are short and their concentrations are low, which inhibits the development of miRNA-based methods, diagnostics, and treatment of many diseases. Here we show that DNA-bridged assemblies of gold nanorods with upconverting nanoparticles can simultaneously quantify two miRNA cancer markers, namely miR-21 and miR-200b. Energy upconversion in nanoparticles affords efficient excitation of fluorescent dyes via energy transfer in the superstructures with core–satellite geometry where gold nanorods are surrounded by upconverting nanoparticles. Spectral separation of the excitation beam and dye emission wavelengths enables drastic reduction of signal-to-noise ratio and the limit of detection to 3.2 zmol/ngRNA (0.11 amol or 6.5 × 104 copies) and 10.3 zmol/ngRNA (0.34 amol or 2.1 × 105 copies) for miR-21 and miR-200b, respectively. Zeptomolar sensitivity and analytical linearity with respect to miRNA concentration affords multiplexed detection and imaging of these markers, both in living cells and in vivo assays. These findings create a pathway for the creation of an miRNA toolbox for quantitative epigenetics and digital personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Onset of differentiation is posttranscriptionally controlled in adult neural stem cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Baser ◽  
Yonglong Dang ◽  
Maxim Skabkin ◽  
Gülce S. Gülcüler Balta ◽  
Georgios Kalamakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
And Migration

SUMMARYThe contribution of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression to neural stem cell differentiation during tissue homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show highly dynamic changes in protein synthesis along differentiation of stem cells to neurons in vivo. Examination of individual transcripts using RiboTag mouse models reveals that neural stem cells efficiently translate abundant transcripts, whereas translation becomes increasingly controlled with the onset of differentiation. Stem cell generation of early neuroblasts involves translational repression of a subset of mRNAs including the stem cell-identity factors Sox2 and Pax6 as well as translation machinery components. In silico motif analysis identifies a pyrimidine-rich motif (PRM) in this repressed subset. A drop in mTORC1 activity at the onset of differentiation selectively blocks translation of PRM-containing transcripts. Our data uncovers how a drop in mTORC1 allows robust simultaneous posttranscriptional repression of key stem cell identity-factors and translation-components and thereby stemness exit and migration.

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