Suitability of Aquatic Plant Fibers for Handmade Papermaking

Increasing concerns for future fiber supplies in pulp and paper industries has shifted interest in nonwood sources from agriculture residues and aquatic plants. Aquatic plants with short growth cycles, in abundance, and with low lignin are a potential fiber source. Five aquatic plant species,Cyperus digitatus, Cyperus halpan, Cyperus rotundus, Scirpus grossus, andTypha angustifolia, were examined for fiber dimensions and chemical composition (cellulose, lignin) and compared with other nonwood plants. All aquatic plants possessed short (length, 0.71–0.83 mm) and thin (diameter, 9.13–12.11 µm) fibers, narrow lumen (diameter, 4.32–7.30 µm), and thin cell wall (thickness, 2.25–2.83 µm) compared with most other nonwood plants. Slenderness ratio ranged from 73.77 to 89.34 withTypha angustifoliahaving the highest ratio. Except forScirpus grossus, the flexibility coefficient ranged from 52.91 to 58.08.Scirpus grossushas low Runkel ratio, 0.84 ± 0.17. Fiber characteristics, short and thin fibers, Slenderness ratio >60, flexibility coefficient within 50–75, and Runkel ratio <1, are suitable for papermaking. Cellulose content ofCyperus rotundus(42.58 ± 1.32%),Scirpus grossus(36.21 ± 2.81%), andTypha angustifolia(44.05 ± 0.49%) >34% is suitable for pulp and papermaking. Lignin content in aquatic plants in the present study ranged 9.54–20.04% and below the wood lignin content of <23–30% encountered in pulp and papermaking. Handmade paper sheets produced for paperboard, craft, and decorative purposes are with permissible tensile strength, breaking length, and low moisture content.

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Anatomical, morphological and chemical characteristics of kaun straw (Seetaria-ltalika)

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2019-0057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 288-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Taslima Ferdous ◽

M. Abdul Quaiyyum ◽

Shahriar Bashar ◽

M. Sarwar Jahan

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Slenderness Ratio ◽

Ash Content ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Fiber Wall ◽

Flexibility Coefficient

AbstractAnatomical, morphological and chemical characteristics of kaun straw were examined to assess their suitability for paper production and the properties were compared with wheat straw and rice straw. It was found that the fiber length of kaun straw is slightly shorter than that of wheat straw and longer than that of rice straw. It has wider fiber wall thickness than that of wheat straw and rice straw. It had acceptable derived values, especially slenderness ratio, which was lower than that of wheat straw and rice straw, and higher runkel ratio and lower flexibility coefficient. Chemical analysis of kaun straw revealed satisfactory levels of α-cellulose content (35.9 %) and klason lignin content (19.3 %). The ash content in kaun straw (7.32 %) showed lower value than that of wheat straw and rice straw. In optimum cooing conditions, kaun straw produced pulp yield of 30.0 % and 41.7 % with kappa number 15.1 and 22.5 in soda-AQ and formic acid pulping processes, respectively, the values of which were lower than that of wheat straw and rice straw.

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Biodiversity of Bucephalandra Motleyana Schott (Schott, 1858) based on commercial name in Jabodetabek: Ornamental Aquatic Biota Market.

JURNAL BIOLOGI UNAND ◽

10.25077/jbioua.8.1.1-8.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Media Fitri Isma Nugraha ◽

Ina Erlinawati ◽

Deni Sahroni ◽

Wening Enggarini ◽

Rossa Yunita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Plants ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

The Other ◽

Research Centre ◽

Aquatic Biota ◽

Commercial Market

Bucephalandra sp. is a genus of aquatic plants endemic to Borneo Island, representing the Araceae family. Bucephalandra sp. is famous for its ornamental aquatic plants which are usually used in aquascaping. These aquatic plants come at fantastic prices, e.g. ±300 euros in European ornamental aquatic markets and Rp 50,000 – 700,000 in Indonesian aquatic plant markets. We collected 195 types of Bucephalandra from an ornamental aquatic plant market in Jakarta. In the market, they are sold under its commercial name. Therefore, the aim of this study is to collect and identify the species of all Bucephalandra types in the aquatic plant commercial market. These species that we identified are based on botanical taxonomist identification in the Herbarium Bogoriense Department Botany – Research Centre for Biology – Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Cibinong. The result of this study is from our collection (195 types) of which 102 types are Bucephalandra Motleyana Schott species and 90 types are the other species of Bucephalandra.

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Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan ◽

10.35450/jip.v6i02.90 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 105-120

Author(s):

Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽

Annisa Mufida ◽

Edwin Azwar

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Sound Intensity ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Cellulose Powder ◽

Drying Method ◽

Normal Concrete ◽

Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

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Application of Three Step-Biological Pond with the Use of Aquatic Plant for Post Treatment of Petroleum Wastewater in Vietnam

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0603 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (7-9) ◽

pp. 1503-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. M. Triet ◽

N. T. Viet ◽

T. V. Thinh ◽

H. D. Cuong ◽

J. C. L. van Buuren

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Residence Time ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Sludge Treatment ◽

Purification Efficiency

The effluent from activated sludge treatment of petroleum wastewater was treated with the aid of a ponding system using aquatic plants (Water Hyacinth, Chlorella, Reed). A good result was obtained in this study. Pilot pond system shows that the purification efficiency depends on the residence time of about 14 days. The petroleum removal waa 97-98 %, the COD removal was from 88-93 %. The dissolved oxygen amount (with Chlorella) increased from 0.7 mg/l to 9.8 mg/l and the pH increased from 6.9 to 8-8.6. The application of 3 step biological pond with the use of Water Hyacinth, Chlorella, Reeds for post treatment of petroleum wastewater is appropriate in Vietnam.

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Anaerobic Degradation of Environmentally Hazardous Aquatic Plant Pistia stratiotes and Soluble Cu(II) Detoxification by Methanogenic Granular Microbial Preparation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3849

Author(s):

Olesia Havryliuk ◽

Vira Hovorukha ◽

Oleksandr Savitsky ◽

Volodymyr Trilis ◽

Antonina Kalinichenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Plants ◽

Anaerobic Degradation ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Copper Compounds ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Microbial Preparation ◽

Copper Contaminated ◽

Potential Parameters

The aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes L. is environmentally hazardous and requires effective methods for its utilization. The harmfulness of these plants is determined by their excessive growth in water bodies and degradation of local aquatic ecosystems. Mechanical removal of these plants is widespread but requires fairly resource-intensive technology. However, these aquatic plants are polymer-containing substrates and have a great potential for conversion into bioenergy. The aim of the work was to determine the main patterns of Pistia stratiotes L. degradation via granular microbial preparation (GMP) to obtain biomethane gas while simultaneously detoxifying toxic copper compounds. The composition of the gas phase was determined via gas chromatography. The pH and redox potential parameters were determined potentiometrically, and Cu(II) concentration photocolorimetrically. Applying the preparation, high efficiency of biomethane fermentation of aquatic plants and Cu(II) detoxification were achieved. Biomethane yield reached 68.0 ± 11.1 L/kg VS of Pistia stratiotes L. biomass. The plants’ weight was decreased by 9 times. The Cu(II) was completely removed after 3 and 10 days of fermentation from initial concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. The result confirms the possibility of using the GMP to obtain biomethane from environmentally hazardous substrates and detoxify copper-contaminated fluids.

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Terrestrial Morphotypes of Aquatic Plants Display Improved Seed Germination to Deal with Dry or Low-Rainfall Periods

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Rocío Fernández-Zamudio ◽

Pablo García-Murillo ◽

Carmen Díaz-Paniagua

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Population Persistence ◽

Temporary Ponds ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Plant Assemblages ◽

Viable Seeds

In temporary ponds, seed germination largely determines how well aquatic plant assemblages recover after dry periods. Some aquatic plants have terrestrial morphotypes that can produce seeds even in dry years. Here, we performed an experiment to compare germination patterns for seeds produced by aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. saniculifolius over the course of five inundation events. During the first inundation event, percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (36.1%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (6.1%). Seed germination peaked for both groups during the second inundation event (terrestrial morphotype: 47%; aquatic morphotype: 34%). Even after all five events, some viable seeds had not yet germinated (terrestrial morphotype: 0.6%; aquatic morphotype: 5%). We also compared germination patterns for the two morphotypes in Callitriche brutia: the percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (79.5%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (41.9%). Both aquatic plant species use two complementary strategies to ensure population persistence despite the unpredictable conditions of temporary ponds. First, plants can produce seeds with different dormancy periods that germinate during different inundation periods. Second, plants can produce terrestrial morphotypes, which generate more seeds during dry periods, allowing for re-establishment when conditions are once again favorable.

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ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL STUDIES ON AQUATIC PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj123 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

Saravanakumar K

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Alphabetical Order ◽

Important Species ◽

Therapeutic Uses ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Local Residents ◽

Scientific Name

The present work was undertaken to explore the ethno-medico-botanical values of aquatic plants from rural areas of Cuddalore District in Tamilnadu, India. Traditional knowledge of 22aquatic plants was identified as medicinally important species from local residents, vaidya, other medicine men and from othersources. Collected information’s are arranged in an alphabetical order followed by the sequence of scientific name, family, vernacular name, prescription and usage. Documentation of traditional knowledge of ethnomedico-botanical values of aquatic plant species will provide baseline information for investigating new biodynamic compounds of potential therapeutic uses in future.

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A comparative fiber morphological analysis of major agricultural residues (used or investigated) as feedstock in the pulp and paper industry

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.7935-7952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 7935-7952

Author(s):

Dimitrios Tsalagkas ◽

Zoltán Börcsök ◽

Zoltán Pásztory ◽

Vladimir Gryc ◽

Levente Csóka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Slenderness Ratio ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Lumen Diameter ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

Flexibility Coefficient

The suitabilities of major agricultural residues were assessed as papermaking feedstocks. All the examined agricultural residues were assumed as potential candidates for substituting hardwood fibers in mixed pulp blends from a fiber morphological perspective. Wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, maize, sunflower, sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk, and two genotypes of miscanthus grass underwent identical maceration. The fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, and lumen diameter were measured to calculate the slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio. The average fiber length ranged from 0.50 mm ± 0.32 mm (MG-S-02-V) to 1.15 mm mm ± 0.58 mm (sugarcane bagasse). The fiber width ranged from 10.77 μm ± 3.28 μm (rice straw) to 22.99 mm ± 5.20 mm (sunflower stalk). The lumen diameter ranged from 4.52 μm ± 2.52 μm (rice straw) to 13.23 μm ± 4.87 μm (sunflower stalk). The cell wall thickness ranged from 3.02 μm ± 0.95 μm (rice straw) to 4.80 μm ± 1.48 μm (sunflower stalk). The slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio values ranged between 28.08 to 58.11, 37.97 to 60.8, and 0.62 to 1.68, respectively. Wheat, maize, rapeseed, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husk were found to be appropriate residue sources for papermaking feedstocks.

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Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Preliminary hydrolysis and fermentation studies

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

WHINY HARDIYATI ERLIANA ◽

Tri Widjaja ◽

ALI ALTWAY ◽

LILY PUDJIASTUTI

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Lactic Acid Production ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Acid Fermentation

Abstract. Erliana WH, Widjaja T, Altway A, Pudjiastuti L. 2020. Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Hydrolysis and fermentation studies. Biodiversitas 21: 2281-2288. The increasing problems of global energy and the environment are the main reasons for developing products with new techniques through green methods. Sugar palm trunk waste (SPTW) has potential as agricultural waste because of its abundant availability, but it is not used optimally. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various microorganisms on increasing lactic acid production by controlling pH and temperature conditions in the fermentation process. SPTW contains 43.88% cellulose, 7.24% hemicellulose, and 33.24% lignin. The lignin content in SPTW can inhibit reducing sugar formation; the pretreatment process should remove this content. In the study, the pretreatment process was conducted using acid-organosolv. In the acid pretreatment, 0.2 M H2SO4 was added at 120oC for 40 minutes; organosolv pretreatment using 30% ethanol (v/v) at 107oC for 33 minutes was able to increase cellulose content by 56.33% and decrease lignin content by 27.09%. The pretreatment was followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis process with a combination of commercial cellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger (AN) and Trichoderma reesei (TR), with variations of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The best reducing sugar concentration was obtained with an AN: TR ratio of 1:2 to form reducing sugar from cellulose. Subsequently, lactic acid fermentation was carried out using lactic acid bacteria at 37oC and pH 6 incubated for 48 hours. The highest lactic acid concentration (33.292 g/L) was obtained using a mixed culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis to convert reducing sugar become lactic acid.

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Negative gravitropism of Ginkgo biloba: growth stress and reaction wood formation

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2015-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tatsuya Shirai ◽

Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽

Miyuki Matsuo ◽

Mikuri Inatsugu ◽

Masato Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Wood Formation ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Reaction Wood ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

S2 Layer ◽

Negative Gravitropism

Abstract Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) forms thick, lignified secondary xylem in the cylindrical stem as in Pinales (commonly called conifers), although it has more phylogenetic affinity to Cycadales than to conifers. Ginkgo forms compression wood-like (CW-like) reaction wood (RW) in its inclined stem as it is the case in conifers. However, the distribution of growth stress is not yet investigated in the RW of ginkgo, and thus this tissue resulting from negative gravitropism is still waiting for closer consideration. The present study intended to fill this gap. It has been demonstrated that, indeed, ginkgo forms RW tissue on the lower side of the inclined stem, where the compressive growth stress (CGS) was generated. In the RW, the micorofibril angle in the S2 layer, the air-dried density, and the lignin content increased, whereas the cellulose content decreased. These data are quite similar to those of conifer CWs. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the CGS is significantly correlated by the changes in the aforementioned parameters. It can be safely concluded that the negative gravitropism of ginkgo is very similar to that of conifers.

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