Mineral and Skeletal Homeostasis Influence the Manner of Bone Loss in Metabolic Osteoporosis due to Calcium-Deprived Diet in Different Sites of Rat Vertebra and Femur

Rats fed calcium-deprived diet develop osteoporosis due to enhanced bone resorption, secondary to parathyroid overactivity resulting from nutritional hypocalcemia. Therefore, rats provide a good experimental animal model for studying bone modelling alterations during biochemical osteoporosis. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) baseline, (2) normal diet for 4 weeks, (3) calcium-deprived diet for 4 weeks, and (4) calcium-deprived diet for 4 weeks and concomitant administration of PTH (1-34) 40 µg/Kg/day. Histomorphometrical analyses were made on cortical and trabecular bone of lumbar vertebral body as well as of mid-diaphysis and distal metaphysis of femur. In all rats fed calcium-deprived diet, despite the reduction of trabecular number (due to the maintenance of mineral homeostasis), an intense activity of bone deposition occurs on the surface of the few remaining trabeculae (in answering to mechanical stresses and, consequently, to maintain the skeletal homeostasis). Different responses were detected in different sites of cortical bone, depending on their main function in answering mineral or skeletal homeostasis. This study represents the starting point for work-in-progress researches, with the aim of defining in detail timing and manners of evolution and recovery of biochemical osteoporosis.

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Antiobesity Effect ofCodonopsis lanceolatain High-Calorie/High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/210297 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hye-Kyung Choi ◽

Eun-Kyung Won ◽

Young Pyo Jang ◽

Se-Young Choung

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Normal Diet ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Codonopsis Lanceolata ◽

High Calorie

The antiobesity effects ofCodonopsis lanceolata(CL) were evaluated in a high-calorie/high-fat-diet (HFD-) induced obesity rat model and 3T3-L1 cells. The Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for a period of 12 weeks. The rats were subdivided into groups: ND, ND + wildCodonopsis lanceolata(wCL) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), ND + cultivatedCodonopsis lanceolata(cCL) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), HFD, HFD + wCL (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), HFD + cCL (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and HFD + sibutramine. The body weight gains of the administered HFD + CL (wCL or CCL) were lower than those of the rats fed with only the HFD group. Moreover, the weight of adipose pads and the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the group administered HDL + CL were significantly lower than in the HFD group. The inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was measured by Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with wCL inhibited lipid accumulation and expression of C/EBPαand PPARγ. These results suggest that CL has a great potential as a functional food with anti-obesity effects and as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity.

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The beneficial effect of electro acupuncture on obesity may be associated with irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin levels

Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research ◽

10.3727/036012919x15650315071924 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Zubeyde Ercan ◽

Gulnihal Deniz ◽

Fatma Caf ◽

Sermin Algul ◽

Abdullah Gazioglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Obese People ◽

Before And After

The action mechanism of acupuncture, one of the alternative methods used in obesity treatment, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electro acupuncture on weight loss and whether acupuncture treatment can change circulating levels of irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin, which have been discovered in recent years and plays an important role in nutrition and energy metabolism. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, is associated with increased energy consumption and has a potential role in obesity. Preptin, present in islet b-cells of pancreas and associated with the carbohydrate metabolism, nesfatin1 is an anorexogenic peptide composed of 82 amino acids and regulates food intake by modulating neuropeptides in feeding centers in the brain. These three new hormones regulate energy intake and expenditure and preserve energy homeostasis and composition. In this study 4 weeks old Sprague Dawley male rats (n=16) were randomly divided into 2 groups which were the control (C): normal diet and obese (0): high fat diet (HFD) groups. 105 After 16 weeks which obesity was developed, electroacupuncture (EA) was performed to rats once in every second days for 3 times weekly for four consecutive weeks. EA was applied bilaterally to Zusanli (ST36), Bai Hui (Du20), He Gu (Li4), Tianshu (ST25) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints in animals to both groups. Blood was collected before and after EA and serum irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin levels were analyzed by ELISA (Enzyme-InducedImmunosorbent Analysis) method. After four week EA treatment, there was sginificant decrease of the average body weight in both groups rats. There were increases in the serum nesfatin-l and preptin levels in the both groups after acupuncture. A decrease was observed in the irisin levels in obese group, but an increase in the control group. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture may help to weight loss due to its effects on some important metabolic hormones such as irisin, nesfatin-l and preptin only for a few weeks. It is thought that the changes of these hormones levels may playa role in beneficial effect of acupuncture used in the treatment of human obesity. The application of EA in the treatment of obesity is very effective, which may have led to weight loss by altering these hormone levels in obese people.

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Therapeutic effects of anthocyanin-rich Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract on body mass index, lipid profile and fatty liver in obese-hypercholesterolaemic rat model

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195759 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liza Noordin ◽

Wan Nurul Izzati Wan Mohamad Noor ◽

Sabreena Safuan ◽

Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Group 2

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or Roselle, is one of the most common flower plants cultivated worldwide. Traditionally, it is claimed to reduce weight and cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin-rich Roselle aqueous extract on the physical, biochemical and histological changes in obese-hypercholesterolaemic rat model.Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups (n=6 per group). Group 1 is normal control (NC) rat that was fed with normal diet. The remaining rats (Group 2-5) were fed with commercial high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obese-hypercholesterolaemic (OH) rat. After induction, the OH rats were divided into 4 groups: OH-Untreated group, OH-ARTE; OH treated with 300 mg/kg Roselle aqueous (anthocyanin-rich) and 1% trifluoroacetic acid extract (ARTE), OH-Orlistat; OH treated with 37 mg/kg orlistat and OH-Atorvastatin; OH treated with 10 mg/kg atorvastatin. After the 3 weeks intervention period, all rats were sacrificed. Body mass index, lipid profile and liver enzymes were evaluated. The liver section was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for histopathological evaluation.Results: This study showed that 3 weeks administration of ARTE significantly reduced BMI, improved levels of lipid profile and liver enzymes, and histopathological changes of liver when compared to OH-untreated rats. The results were also comparable to the standard drugs.Conclusions: This study suggested that Roselle extract constitutes an effective and safe alternate treatment for obesity and hyperlipidaemia.

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Adaptations to a high-fat diet that increase exercise endurance in male rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1984.56.1.78 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

W. C. Miller ◽

G. R. Bryce ◽

R. K. Conlee

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Glycogen Stores

Eighty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats (245–300 g) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. The first group consumed a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrate (LCD), whereas the second group ate a normal diet (ND). After either 1 or 5 wk on the diets, rats from each group were killed either before or after an exhausting run on a rodent treadmill (35 m X min-1, 0% grade). The LCD animals ran significantly longer before exhaustion at both week 1 (44.9 +/- 5.1 vs. 41.6 +/- 4.2 min) and week 5 (47.1 +/- 3.6 vs. 35.5 +/- 3.1 min) (P less than 0.05). Adaptations to the LCD included lower muscle and liver glycogen content, decreased rate of glycogen breakdown during exercise, decreased lactate production, and elevated blood ketone levels. In addition to these substrate changes, the LCD caused increased enzyme activities of muscular 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (35–110%) and citrate synthase (15–20%). These data indicate that rats exposed to a high-fat diet are capable of prolonged intense exercise in spite of limited glycogen stores. This improved capacity for exercise appears to be partially the result of muscular adaptations to the diet, which apparently increase the ability to oxidize fat and concomitantly spare glycogen.

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Maternal sitagliptin treatment attenuates offspring glucose metabolism and intestinal proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rats

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10310

Author(s):

Qian Zhang ◽

Xinhua Xiao ◽

Jia Zheng ◽

Ming Li ◽

Miao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Male Rat ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Maternal Overnutrition

Increasing evidence shows that maternal overnutrition may increase the risk of diabetes in offspring. We hypothesized that maternal sitagliptin intervention may improve glucose intolerance through gut targeting. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating. ND pregnant rats were divided into two subgroups: ND group (ND alone) and the ND-sitagliptin group (ND combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment). HFD pregnant rats were randomized to one of two groups: HFD group (HFD alone) and the HFD-sitagliptin group (HFD combined with 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin treatment) during pregnancy and lactation. Glucose metabolism was assessed in offspring at weaning. Intestinal gene expression levels were investigated. Maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male pups. Moreover, maternal sitagliptin treatment inhibited offspring disordered intestinal expression of proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (Il6), ll1b, and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), at weaning and reduced intestinal IL-6, TNF-α expression by immunohistochemical staining and serum IL-6, TNF-α levels. However, maternal sitagliptin intervention did not affect offspring serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. Our results are the first to show that maternal sitagliptin intervention moderated glucose metabolism in male offspring. It may be involved with moderating intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α expression in male rat offspring.

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Bovine lactoferrin ameliorates antioxidant esterase activity and 8-isoprostane levels in high-cholesterol-diet fed rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (3-4) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yousef Faridvand ◽

Samira Nozari ◽

Abbas Asoudeh-Fard ◽

Mohammad-Ali Karimi ◽

Masoud Pezeshkian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Diet ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Male Rats ◽

Pon1 Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Cholesterol

Abstract. The main aim of the present study was to show the effect of bovineLactoferrin (bLF), an 80 kD iron-binding glycoprotein, its application on antioxidant esterase activities and 8-isoprostane changes in high-cholesterol-diet fed (HCD-Fed) rats. The 44 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. They were randomly assigned into four equivalent groups (n = 11). The groups included the control group which was fed with normal diet, bLF group, the third group which were made hypercholesterolemia by being fed with high cholesterol diet, and the last group which consisted of hypercholesterolemia rats treated with bLF (HCD + bLF) for 4 weeks (200 mg.kg−1 per day wt. dissolved in 0.9% normal saline).After 4 weeks, the serum Paraoxonase1 (PON1), Arylesterase (ARE) activity and 8-isoprostane with lipid profile were measured. Upon treatment with the bLF, the decrease in LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), Glucoses, Triglyceride (TG) and Total-Cholesterol (TC) levels and an increase in HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) level were observed. The co-administration of bLf for 4 weeks had decreased the 8-isoprostane levels significantly (P < 0.001) (86.36 ± 7.1 vs 117.18 ± 8.62) when compared to hypercholesterolemia-induced rats. Also, the Atherogenic Index (AI) in HCD + bLF group showed a significant decrease as compared to the HCD group (P < 0.001) (0.37 ± 0.07 vs 0.57 ± 0.09). The results indicated that bLF was effective against oxidative stress by its ability to increase PON1 activity and reduce the lipid peroxidation in high-cholesterol-fed rats.

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Ameliorative Effects of Bredemolic Acid on Markers Associated with Renal Dysfunction in a Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rat Model

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/2978340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Akinjide Moses Akinnuga ◽

Angezwa Siboto ◽

Bongiwe Khumalo ◽

Ntethelelo Hopewell Sibiya ◽

Phikelelani Ngubane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Rat Model ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Prediabetic State ◽

Diet Modification

Recently, studies have shown that renal dysfunction is associated not only with overt diabetes but also with the preceding stage known as prediabetes. Diet and pharmacological interventions are the therapeutic approaches to managing prediabetes, but the compliance in combining the two interventions is low. Hence, the efficacy of pharmacological intervention is reduced without diet modification. In our previous study, we established that bredemolic acid (BA) ameliorated glucose homeostasis via increased GLUT 4 expression in the skeletal muscle of prediabetic rats in the absence of diet intervention. However, the effects of bredemolic acid on renal function in prediabetic condition are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the ameliorative effects of bredemolic acid on renal dysfunction in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats (150–180 g) were divided into two groups: the nonprediabetic (n=6) and prediabetic (n=30) groups which were fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet, respectively, for 20 weeks. After the 20th week, the prediabetic groups were subdivided into prediabetic control (PD) and 4 other prediabetic groups which were treated with either BA (80 mg/kg) or metformin (MET, 500 mg/kg) for further 12 weeks (21st to 32nd). Plasma, urine, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The untreated prediabetic (PD) rats presented increased fluid intake and urine output; increased creatinine, urea, and uric acid plasma concentrations; albuminuria; proteinuria; sodium retention; potassium loss; increased aldosterone and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentration; and increased urinary podocin mRNA expression. However, BA administration attenuated the renal markers and oxidative stress and decreased the urinary podocin mRNA expression. In conclusion, BA administration, regardless of diet modification, attenuates renal dysfunction in an experimentally induced prediabetic state.

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Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Exploring Differences between Fructose and Antibiotics Exposure

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2674

Author(s):

Chien-Ning Hsu ◽

Julie Y. H. Chan ◽

Kay L. H. Wu ◽

Hong-Ren Yu ◽

Wei-Chia Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Minocycline Treatment ◽

High Fructose ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, in particular short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, are linked to hypertension. Fructose and antibiotics are commonly used worldwide, and they have a negative impact on the gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that maternal high-fructose (HF) diet-induced hypertension in adult offspring is relevant to altered gut microbiome and its metabolites. We, therefore, intended to examine whether minocycline administration during pregnancy and lactation may further affect blood pressure (BP) programmed by maternal HF intake via mediating gut microbiota and SCFAs. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal diet or diet containing 60% fructose throughout pregnancy and lactation periods. Additionally, pregnant dams received minocycline (50 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage or a vehicle during pregnancy and lactation periods. Four groups of male offspring were studied (n = 8 per group): normal diet (ND), high-fructose diet (HF), normal diet + minocycline (NDM), and HF + minocycline (HFM). Male offspring were killed at 12 weeks of age. We observed that the HF diet and minocycline administration, both individually and together, causes the elevation of BP in adult male offspring, while there is no synergistic effect between them. Four groups displayed distinct enterotypes. Minocycline treatment leads to an increase in the F/B ratio, but decreased abundance of genera Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Odoribacter. Additionally, minocycline treatment decreases plasma acetic acid and butyric acid levels. Hypertension programmed by maternal HF diet plus minocycline exposure is related to the increased expression of several SCFA receptors. Moreover, minocycline- and HF-induced hypertension, individually or together, is associated with the aberrant activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Conclusively, our results provide a new insight into the support of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCAFs in the developmental programming of hypertension and cast new light on the role of RAS in this process, which will help prevent hypertension programmed by maternal high-fructose and antibiotic exposure.

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The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1569

Author(s):

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽

Ivan Švagelj ◽

Anđela Jurišić ◽

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Study Groups ◽

Testicular Biopsy ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Left Testis ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

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Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/09636897211035409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972110354

Author(s):

Eun-Jung Yoon ◽

Hye Rim Seong ◽

Jangbeen Kyung ◽

Dajeong Kim ◽

Sangryong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

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