scholarly journals Berberine Reduces Neurotoxicity Related to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa A. Ghareeb ◽  
Sofia Khalil ◽  
Hani S. Hafez ◽  
Jürgen Bajorath ◽  
Hany E. A. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Berberine is a plant alkaloid that has several pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antilipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) triggers different aspects of disorders such as impaired endogenous lipid metabolism, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which NASH induces neurotoxicity and the protective effect of berberine against both NASH and its associated neurotoxicity. NASH induced rats showed significant impairments in lipid metabolism with increased serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The NASH induced group also demonstrated a significant oxidative stress which is characterized by increased TBARs level and decreased antioxidant capacity such as GSH and SOD levels. Moreover, the NASH induction was associated with inflammation which was demonstrated by increased TNFαand nitric oxide levels. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were observed in the NASH induced group. Also, our results showed a significant increase in the expression of the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and amyloid beta precursor protein (AβPP). These changes were significantly correlated with decreased insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and beta-amyloid40(Aβ40) and increased beta-amyloid42(Aβ42) in the hippocampal region. Daily administration of berberine (50 mg/kg) for three weeks ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and the observed neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals The effect of a fibre extract from the red seaweed, Palmaria palmata, on lipid metabolism and inflammation in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Irwin ◽  
Emeir M. McSorley ◽  
Mary M. Slevin ◽  
Lisa Rowan ◽  
Paul McMillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractEvidence from observational studies indicates that seaweed consumption may reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, and obesity. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggest seaweed have antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may in part be attributed to the high content of soluble dietary fibre in seaweeds. The viscosity of seaweed fibres is suggested to mediate antihyperlipdiemic effects via the alteration of lipid/bile acid absorption kinetics to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Thus, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy of seaweed derived dietary fibre in the management of dyslipidemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fibre rich extract from Palmaria palmata on the lipid profile as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. A total of 60 healthy participants (30 male and 30 female) aged 20 to 58 years, were assigned to consume the Palmaria palmata fibre extract (5g/day), Synergy-1 and the placebo (maltodextrin) for a duration of 4 weeks with a minimum 4 week washout between each treatment in a double blind, randomised crossover study conducted over 5 months. Fasting concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were analysed and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and LDL: HDL ratio was calculated. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) were analysed as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. Supplementation for 4 weeks with Palmaria palmata resulted in favourable changes to lipid profiles with a reduced LDL:HDL ratio; however intention-to-treat univariate ANCOVA identified no significant difference between the treatment groups over time on any of the lipid profile markers. A non-significant increase in CRP and triglyceride concentration along with lower FRAP was also observed with Palmaria palmata supplementation. Evidence from this study suggests that Palmaria palmata may have effects on lipid metabolism and appears to mobilise triglycerides. More research is needed in individuals with dyslipidaemia to fully elucidate these effects.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Mechanism of a Chinese Classic Prescription of Yueju in Treating Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Protecting Hepatocytes from Apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiao-Li He ◽  
Yan-Ming He ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Hong-Shan Li ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Yueju, a famous classic Chinese prescription, has been extensively used in treating depression syndromes for hundreds of years. Recent studies have reported that Yueju showed good effects in treating metabolic diseases, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which leads to cirrhosis and severe cardiovascular diseases, is closely linked to obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism. In this study, Yueju could decrease the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-C but increase the high-density lipoprotein-C in the serum of the NASH rat model induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Yueju could alleviate hepatosteatosis by increasing the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and inhibiting the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Yueju downregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A1, ameliorating the liver fibrilization. Yueju could also protect the hepatocytes from apoptosis by upregulating antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and downregulating apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase. Thus, Yueju could improve liver function, regulate lipid metabolism, alleviate hepatosteatosis and fibrosis, and protect hepatocytes from apoptosis against NASH. Yueju may be used as an alternative effective medicine for NASH treatment.

scholarly journals Kale supplementation during high fat feeding improves metabolic health in a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256348
Author(s):  
Samnhita Raychaudhuri ◽  
Si Fan ◽  
Olivia Kraus ◽  
Md. Shahinozzaman ◽  
Diana N. Obanda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Cruciferous vegetables have been widely studied for cancer prevention and cardiovascular health. Broccoli is the cruciferous vegetable whose phytochemistry and physiological effects have been most extensively studied. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) appears on lists of ‘healthiest, nutrient dense foods’ but, there is paucity of data on kale as a functional food. In a 12-week study, we tested the effect of curly green kale on high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, endotoxemia and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed isocaloric diets. Kale supplementation did not attenuate HFD diet induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance (P = ns; n = 9) but, it lowered serum triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LPL) cholesterol and prevented HFD induced increases in systemic endotoxemia and inflammation (serum LPS and Ccl2) (P<0.01; n = 9). In adipose tissue, kale enhanced the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis (P<0.01; n = 9), reduced the appearance of histologic markers of inflammation, downregulated both the gene expression and protein expression of the adipose tissue specific inflammation markers CD11c and F4/80 (P<0.001; n = 9) and reduced the gene expression of a battery of chemokine C-C motif ligands (Ccl2, Ccl6, Ccl7, Ccl8, Ccl9) and chemokine C-C motif receptors (Ccr2, Ccr3, Ccr5). We conclude that kale vegetable protects against HFD diet induced dysfunction through mechanisms involving lipid metabolism, endotoxemia and inflammation.

A cross-sectional study of biomarkers of exposure and effect in smokers and moist snuff consumers

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Prasad ◽  
Bobbette A. Jones ◽  
Peter Chen ◽  
Evan O. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Moist Snuff

AbstractCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases. Epidemiological data indicate the use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is associated with significantly lower risk for smoking-related diseases compared to cigarettes. Several biomarkers of exposure (BioExp) and effect (BioEff) associated with smoking and use of moist snuff (ST) were evaluated.A single site, cross-sectional clinical study enrolled three groups of generally healthy male smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC), and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), and several BioExp and BioEff were evaluated.Blood and urinary BioExp, including total nicotine equivalents and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, were higher in MSC compared to SMK. Biomarkers of combustion-related toxicants and cadmium were elevated in SMK. Elevated levels of some BioEff associated with oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes and leukotriene E4), inflammation (white blood cell count), platelet activation (thromboxane metabolites), and lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein B100 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein) were observed in SMK relative to NTC and MSC (all p<0.05). The non-smoking groups (MSC and NTC) showed similar levels of combustion-related BioExp and BioEff.Higher levels of exposure to nicotine and some N′-nitrosamines may be observed in MSC, and SMK are exposed to higher levels of combustion-related toxicants. Changes in BioEff consistent with some aspects of inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered lipid metabolism were detected in SMK compared to the non-smoking groups. The biomarker data further improve our understanding of pathophysiological changes and the risk continuum associated with various tobacco products, and could be useful components of future assessments of tobacco products.

scholarly journals Partial loss of endothelial nitric oxide leads to increased cerebrovascular beta amyloid

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A Austin ◽  
Zvonimir S Katusic
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is present in over half of the elderly population and in 80–90% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. CAA is defined by the deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) in small cerebral arteries and capillaries. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increased incidence of CAA. We utilized 18-month-old endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) heterozygous knockout (+/−) mice, a clinically relevant model of endothelial dysfunction, to examine the role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) in vascular Aβ accumulation. eNOS+/− mice had significantly higher vascular levels of Aβ40 ( P < 0.05). Aβ42 was not detected. There was no difference in Aβ in brain tissue. Amyloid precursor protein and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 protein levels were unaltered, while levels of the α-secretase enzyme, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10, were significantly lower in eNOS + /− microvascular tissue ( P < 0.05). Insulin degrading enzyme and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 were significantly increased in eNOS+/− microvascular tissue, most likely an adaptive response to locally higher Aβ concentrations. Lastly, catalase and CuZn superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated in eNOS+/− microvascular tissue ( P < 0.05). These data demonstrate decreased availability of endothelial NO leads to increased cerebrovascular concentration of Aβ along with compensatory mechanisms to protect the vasculature.

scholarly journals Effect of Saudi and Egyptian Pomegranate Polyphenols in Regulating the Activity of Pon1, Pon2 and Lipid Profile for Preventing Coronary Heart Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedad Saeed Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Saudi and Egyptian pomegranate juice (APJ and EPJ) contains potent polyphenols, antioxidants that were found to reduce serum and macrophage oxidative stress. The protective effects of APJ and EPJ against atherogenicity were evaluated by feeding mice a hypercholesterolemic diet that was supplemented with PJ.PJ consumption reduced mice serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and (low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) when compared to mice with a control or atherogenic diet. The risk ratio and atherogenic index were significantly lower in both APJ or EPJ supplemented groups. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which remains associated with HDL, had a significant increase in activity in mice supplemented with PJ, compared to mice with aatherogenic diet (AD). PJ consumption significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione levels. The reduction in lipid peroxidation varied from 57 to 76%. PJ supplementation reduced peritoneal macrophage (MPM)-mediated oxidation of LDL by 68 to 82% and decreased mouse MPM Ox-LDL uptake by 31 to 48%. A significant up-regulation of macrophage PON2 activity was induced by PJ reducing the macrophage oxidative stress. In conclusion, PJ consumption resulted in anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic effect on serum and macrophages, which could prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases.

Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Differences in the Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism According to the Structure of the Main Anthocyanin: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Risa Araki ◽  
Akira Yada ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueda ◽  
Kenichi Tominaga ◽  
Hiroko Isoda
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

The effectiveness of anthocyanins may differ according to their chemical structures; however, randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses that examine the consequences of these structural differences have not been reported yet. In this meta-analysis, anthocyanins in test foods of 18 selected RCTs were categorized into three types: cyanidin-, delphinidin-, and malvidin-based. Delphinidin-based anthocyanins demonstrated significant effects on triglycerides (mean difference (MD): −0.24, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: −0.28, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD: 0.11, p < 0.01), whereas no significant effects were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins. Although non-significant, favorable effects on total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins, respectively (both p < 0.1). The ascending order of effectiveness on TC and LDL-C was delphinidin-, cyanidin-, and malvidin-based anthocyanins, and the differences among the three groups were significant (both p < 0.05). We could not confirm the significant effects of each main anthocyanin on glucose metabolism; however, insulin resistance index changed positively and negatively with cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanins, respectively. Therefore, foods containing mainly unmethylated anthocyanins, especially with large numbers of OH groups, may improve glucose and lipid metabolism more effectively than those containing methylated anthocyanins.

LncRNA OIP5-AS1 accelerates ox-LDL-treated HUVECs injury by NF-κB pathway via miR-30c-5p

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Qiulai Li ◽  
Yanxia Chen ◽  
Qiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Rna Immunoprecipitation

BACKGROUND: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) could induce endothelial injury and played a vital role in the progression and development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of Opa-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) in ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by corresponding detection kits, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the expression of OIP5-AS1 or microRNA-30c-5p (miR-30c-5p) in HUVECs. Binding between OIP5-AS1 and miR-30c-5p was predicted through bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Western blot was used to analyze p-IκB, IκB, p-p65 and p65 levels. RESULTS: In HUVECs, exposure to ox-LDL led to a decrease in cell viability and an increase in LDH release and apoptosis with concomitant enhancement of oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased ROS and MDA generation, as well as decreased SOD activity and NO levels, while OIP5-AS1 knockdown or miR-30c-5p upregulation could rescue these effects above. Mechanically, OIP5-AS1 functioned as a sponge of miR-30c-5p. OIP5-AS1-induced injury and apoptosis, oxidative stress and activation of NF-κB pathway were reversed by miR-30c-5p in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSION: OIP5-AS1 contributed to ox-LDL-treated HUVECs injury by activation of NF-κB pathway via miR-30c-5p.

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