Prevalence of Hypertension in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria: Rural versus Urban Communities Study

Recent studies have shown an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension in rural communities compared to that of the urban communities. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its predictors (if any) in both urban and rural communities of Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.Subjects and Method. This was a cross-sectional study of urban and rural communities of Akwa Ibom State for the prevalence of hypertension and its predictors. Two urban cities and two rural communities were randomly selected from the three senatorial districts of the state. Hypertension was defined based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension.Results. Nine hundred and seventy-eight (978) participants were recruited from rural areas and five hundred and ninety (590) from urban centers. The rural populace had higher systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure than the urban populace (P<0.001, < 0.002, < 0.001, resp.). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in the rural populace than in the urban populace [44.3% (95% CI 41.1–47.4%) versus 28.6% (95% CI 24.9–32.3%)]. Age, BMI, and proteinuria were independent predictors of hypertension occurrence.Conclusion. There is an epidemiologic change in the prevalence of hypertension in the rural communities of Nigeria.

Download Full-text

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the PERSIAN Cohort Study: JNC7 Versus ACC/AHA Guidelines Short Title: The Impacts of Hypertension Definition in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-179573/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sadaf G. Sepanlou ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Hossein Poustchi ◽

Mahboubeh Parsaeian ◽

Ali Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Guideline Implementation ◽

Population Based ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

National Committee ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

And Control ◽

Seventh Report

Abstract In this cross-sectional population-based study, we used the baseline data of the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) cohort study collected in Iran from 2014 to 2020. The main outcomes were the prevalence of hypertension and proportion of awareness, treatment, and control based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline compared to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Of the total of 163770 participants, aged 35 to 70 years, 55.2% were female. The sex-age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.6-24.1) based on the JNC7 guideline and 36.5% (31.1-41.8) based on the ACC/AHA guideline. A total of 24312 participants [14.1% [10.1, 18.1)] were newly diagnosed based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Compared to adults diagnosed with hypertension based on the JNC7 guideline, the newly diagnosed participants were mainly young literate males who had low levels of risk factors and were free from conventional comorbidities of hypertension. About 30.7% (25.9, 35.4) of them (4.3% of the entire population) were eligible for pharmacologic intervention based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Implementation of the new guideline may impose additional burden on health systems. However, early detection and management of elevated blood pressure may reduce the ultimate burden of hypertension in Iran.

Download Full-text

Agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines and Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee Guidelines to Estimate Prevalence of Postmenopausal Hypertension in a Rural Area of Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 315 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barua ◽

Faruque ◽

Banik ◽

Ali

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Rural Area ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

National Committee ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background and objectives: Justification for application of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines to detect hypertension (HTN) among Bangladeshi population is understudied. This prompted us to examine the level of agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA and Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) guidelines to detect postmenopausal HTN in a rural area of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women of 40–70 years of age who visited a rural primary health care centre of Bangladesh. HTN was diagnosed based on two definitions: the JNC 7 guidelines (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), and the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg, or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg). The prevalence of postmenopausal HTN, its sub-types and stages were reported and compared using frequency and percentage. Agreement was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa (κ), Prevalence-Adjusted Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) and First-order Agreement Coefficient (AC1). Results: The prevalence of postmenopausal HTN was 67.5% and 41.9% using 2017 ACC/AHA and JNC 7 guidelines respectively. Among the HTN sub-types and stages, the new 2017 ACC/AHA guideline classified higher proportion of respondents as having isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) (42.6%) and stage 2 HTN (35.8%) compared to JNC 7 (28.7% and 6.8% respectively). On the other hand, the JNC 7 guideline identified more respondents as pre-hypertensive (32.5%) when compared with the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline (3.8%). Between two guidelines, highest agreement was observed for ISH (86.03%) and those had pre-hypertension/elevated blood pressure (71.3%). Similarly, Landis & Koch’s approach detected highest agreement for ISH (κ = 0.74, substantial; PABAK = 0.76, substantial; AC1 = 0.84, excellent; p < 0.001) and pre-hypertension/elevated blood pressure (κ= 0.12, slight; PABAK = 0.42, moderate; AC1 = 0.83, excellent; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 2017 ACC/AHA HTN guideline reported high agreement and detected more participants as hypertensive when compared with JNC 7 guideline for Bangladeshi postmenopausal women that demands further large-scale study in general population to clarify the current findings more precisely.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Socio Demographic Determinants of Malnutrition in Rural Communities of District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 374-382

Author(s):

Poonam Khanna ◽

Rajbir Kaur ◽

Tejinder Singh ◽

Jill Miller ◽

Amandeep Sandhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Parental Education ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Fatehgarh Sahib

Malnutrition is a global concern in developing countries. About one third of the world's malnourished children live in India. To study the prevalence of malnutrition and its associations with socio demographic factors among under 5 children in rural areas. A community based cross sectional study was conducted in district Fatehgarh Sahib. A census based technique was used with 573 under 5 children from nine villages of Fatehgarh Sahib District. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. 573 children, ages 5 years and below, were enrolled for this study with 58.2% participants in upper middle and upper class, and 5.9% in lower and lower middle class. It was found that 14.14%, 15.71% and 18.85 % of the children were malnourished with respect to Weight for age (WHZ) and Height for age (HAZ) z-scores and disturbet body weight. Multivariate regression analyses of all indicators of malnutrition reflect parental education, socioeconomic status, an increase in number of children in household and children born in second or third order were some of the socio-demographic factors, which had an impact on the nutritional status of the under-five children. Significantly for stunting ( a marker of malnutrition of great concern), children from a lower caste had a 2.2 fold higher odds (OR 2.24), second or higher birth order was associated with 26% higher odds (OR 1.262), and children born to parents with lower literacy ( primary and below) had 52% and 33% higher odds for mother’s and father’s education respectively (OR 1.52 and 1.32). The burden of under-nutrition among under-5 children has not changed significantly even after several intervention programs. Therefore, policy makers must focus on simultaneous socioeconomic development also. Additional qualitative research is needed on identifying and designing new programs or modifying existing programs with services which can be easily understood and afforded equitably by the intended beneficiaries

Download Full-text

Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among bank workers of Kathmandu

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v9i2.35531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Jagdish Chataut ◽

Sumira Dahal ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Mukta Singh Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

National Committee ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bank Employees

Background: Bank workers are exposed to risk factors which make them a potential occupational risk group for hypertension and information on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among bank workers in Nepal is very scarce. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among bank employees in Kathmandu district. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 bank employees of commercial banks of Kathmandu district. The information was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire in the workplace which included demographic information of individuals and other risk factors like alcohol,tobacco use and physical activity. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded and hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee VII criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 23. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 11.3%. Of the 47 participants with hypertension, 40(85.1%) were known cases while 7(14.9%) were newly diagnosed. Age, gender, marital status, overweight (BMI ≥25), smoking, alcohol consumption, having diabetes, and family history of -hypertension were found to have significant association with hypertension in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, having diabetes and physical activity had independent and significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: Based on the findings from the study, we can conclude that hypertension is significantly associated with gender, physical activity and diabetes. Measures for early detection of hypertension and diabetes are required and health education regarding lifestyle modifications is recommended.

Download Full-text

Patient desire for spiritual assessment is unmet in urban and rural primary care settings

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06300-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph R. Fuchs ◽

Jeffrey W. Fuchs ◽

Joshua M. Hauser ◽

Marilyn E. Coors

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Medical Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spiritual Assessment ◽

The Past ◽

Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Incorporation of patient religious and spiritual beliefs in medical care has been shown to improve the efficacy of medical interventions and health outcomes. While previous study has highlighted differences in patient desire for spiritual assessment based on patient religiosity, little is known about patient desire for spiritual assessment based on community type, particularly in urban compared to rural communities. We hypothesized that, given demographic trends which show a higher degree of religiosity in rural areas, patients in rural communities will be more likely to desire spiritual assessment. Methods In this cross-sectional study of 141 adult primary care patients in rural and urban Colorado at non-religiously affiliated clinics, we surveyed patient demographic information, measures of religiosity, patient desire for spiritual assessment, and frequency of spiritual assessment in practice. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare the two populations. Results In both Denver County (urban) and Lincoln County (rural) over 90% of patients identified as religious, spiritual, or a combination of the two. Thirty eight percent (38.3%) of patients in Denver County and 49.1% of patients in Lincoln desired spiritual assessment. Over 97% of patients in both areas reported rarely or never being asked about their R/S within the past year. For patients who have had five or more clinic visits in the past year, more than 91% in both areas stated they have never or rarely been asked about their beliefs. Conclusions While the majority of patients in this study identify as religious or spiritual and many patients desire spiritual assessment, the majority of patients have never or rarely been asked about their spirituality within the past year. This demonstrates a significant gap between patient preference and provider practice of spiritual assessment in the primary care setting, which was similar in both rural and urban settings. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary focus on spiritual assessment and incorporation of patient R/S beliefs in medical care to provide holistic patient care and improve health outcomes.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of endoparasitors in rural communities in Central Brazil: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

B Souza Rocha ◽

R Alves Guimarães ◽

P Sérgio Scalize ◽

V Pagotto ◽

F Souza Fiaccadori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Stool Samples

Abstract Background Studies show that the magnitude is high in regions lacking basic sanitation, such as rural areas. Despite this, there is little evidence on the prevalence of endoparasitosis in rural communities in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of endoparasitosis in residents of rural communities in Central Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted within the scope of the Sanrural Project that aims to assess the health and sanitation conditions of rural communities in 2019. The target population of this study consisted of residents of 17 settlements, 24 quilombola and 7 riverside communities in Central Brazil. By listing the total number of residents of each household in the communities, residents were selected by simple random probability sampling. Then, stool samples were collected in sterile plastic containers and identified. After collection, the samples were transported for analysis by direct examination of the feces. The descriptive analysis was made. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás. Results Data from 680 individuals (children and adults) who had stool samples collected were analyzed. The prevalence's of the endoparasites found were: Entamoeba coli (13.5%; 90%CI: 11.5-15.8%); Giardia lamblia (2.8%; 90%CI: 1.9-4.4); Ascaris lumbricoides (1.5%; 90%CI: 0.9-2.4); Ancyslotoma (0.9%; 90%CI: 0.5-1.7); Enterobius vermicularis (0.7%; 90%CI: 0.4-1.5%); Taenia (0.6%; 90%CI: 0.3-1.3); Hymenolepis nana (0.6%; 90%CI: 0.3-1,3); Itamoeba (0.4; 90%CI: 0.2-1.1); Hymenolepis diminuta (0.3%; 90%CI: 0.1-0.9), Strongiloides (0.0%); Trichuris (0.0%) and, Schistosoma mansoni (0.0%). Conclusions An intermediate prevalence for principal endoparasites was observed. This result may suggest the persistence of precarious sanitation conditions. Thus, the implications of the study include the need for systematic action by managers and health professionals in improving sanitation conditions. Key messages A current diagnosis will be made on the health and sanitation situation of rural communities in Goiás, based on the analysis of clinical samples and water quality, among other conditions. Based on this diagnosis, together with the community, we will seek solutions for sanitation and health through a Rural Sanitation Security Plan (PSSR).

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SLUMS OF WEST DELHI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.20802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 350

Author(s):

Supriya Dwivedi ◽

Zaozianlungliu Gonmei ◽

Gurudayal Singh Toteja ◽

Nidhi Srivastava ◽

Naval Kishore Vikram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

National Committee ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Detection Evaluation

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension in adult population residing in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population of 18-59 years residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Blood pressure was measured using digital machine (OMRON). The data obtained were analyzed for percent prevalence, mean, standard deviation, and median. Joint National Committee (JNC)on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC)VI and JNC VII criteria were used to classify hypertension.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.3%. The prevalence was higher (27.9%)in males than females (22.8%)and also in the age group 46-59 years (43.0%)as compared to 18-45 years (19.8%). The overall prevalence of prehypertension, Stage I and Stage II hypertension, respectively, was 35.2%, 16.1% and 9.2%.Conclusion: A one-fourth of the adult population is hypertensive. Early diagnosis and treatment are advisable, besides awareness about dietary and lifestyle modification.

Download Full-text

ASSESSMENT ON PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS ALONG WITH MMAS SCORE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY: A HOME BASED SCREENING

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Krishnaveni Kandasamy ◽

Shanmuga Sundaram Rajagopal ◽

Kameswaran Ramalingam ◽

Karthikeyan Krishnan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Community ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

National Committee ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Home Based

Objectives: In India, a study on hypertension (HTN) prevalence conducted in a community over a period of 3–6 decades showed an increase of 30% in urban population and 10% in rural population. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN in a rural community and also to find the significance of risk factors which precipitate to it.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community of Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. HTN and pre-HTN was defined by the Joint National Committee 8th report guidelines. Patient data’s (sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and medical reports) were collected with the help of questionnaire. Identified hypertensive patients were assessed with MMAS-8 questionnaire.Results: During the study period of 8 months, 425 subjects were screened and studied for HTN and pre-HTN. More than half (69.4%) of the study group were found to be hypertensive. Of the 295 reported cases, 228 (53.6% of 425) were “known” cases of HTN and 67 (15.8% of 425) were newly diagnosed cases. A positive association (p<0.05) was observed between HTN and age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, and tobacco use other than smoking. 75 patients were found to be prehypertensive, in that 57.3% (43 cases) were male and 42.7% (32 cases) were female. Majority of hypertension patients (66%) were with low adherence than 24% medium and 10% high adherence towards their medications.Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was higher among the study population, so there is a need for screening of individuals at the early age group. Further studies are needed to observe and confiscate the reasons why majority of hypertensive patients with low medication adherence.

Download Full-text

Association of Blood Pressure, BMI and Age among Adults above 18 Years of Makalbari Area of Gokarneswor Municipality in Kathmandu

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v21i4.27617 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 283-287

Author(s):

SR Shrestha ◽

B Shakya ◽

R Oli

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Age Groups ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

National Committee ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

Relationship Of

In Nepal the prevalence of hypertension is in increasing trend with an increased number of deaths from heart disease and stroke. The morbidity and mortality from hypertension, cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases has been associated with high Body mass index (BMI). The current study aimed to study the association between BMI, blood pressure and age of the adults in Makalbari area. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 643 respondents. The information was obtained using self constructed structured questionnaire which included demographic information of individuals. Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded and hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee (JNC) VII guidelines. Maximum value of mean BMI was found among 40– 49 years age group. BMI was found to be lowest among younger age group. Both the mean systolic and diastolic BP were found to be lowest among the youngest age groups. Mean Systolic BP increased steadily with age and the highest value was found among the oldest age group. Mean Diastolic BP increased with age till 40–49 years and declined thereafter. There was significant (P <0.01) positive correlation of BMI with systolic and diastolic BP. It showed that BP increased with increase in BMI. Correlation coefficient showed that relationship of BMI with systolic BP (0.231) was stronger than diastolic BP (0.167). Thus the present study provides valuable information regarding the association of BMI with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It also showed the correlation of blood pressure with increasing age independently.

Download Full-text

Blood Pressure and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Young Saudi Males in a University Setting

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 755

Author(s):

Said EL-Ashker ◽

Mangesh S. Pednekar ◽

Sameer S. Narake ◽

Waleed Albaker ◽

Mohammed Al-Hariri

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Early Stage ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

National Committee ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) poses significant clinical and public health challenges across the world. This study aimed to study the metabolic risk factors and the association with blood pressure alteration. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2017 and 2018 among 284 male university students in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The obesity and cardiovascular measurements were taken using standardized instruments, including blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Statistical Analysis: Blood pressure was classified according to the United States of America, Sixth Joint National committee (JNC-VI) guidelines. The mean and standard error were calculated for each hypertension group variable. Logistic regression was applied to predict associations. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 61.6%., and that of overweight and obesity was 16.5% and 34.9%, respectively. The cut-off values of BMI and WC were 22.23 and 75.24, respectively. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR significantly predict hypertension and that WC has a greater discrimination capacity than other measures. The findings also emphasize the importance of cardiovascular risk screening for young adults to detect any alterations in blood pressure and thus identify the population that is vulnerable to CVDs at an early stage. The findings highlight the need for health and university policymakers to adopt measures to monitor and control hypertension and obesity at the university level.

Download Full-text