scholarly journals Kinetics Extraction Modelling and Antiproliferative Activity ofClinacanthus nutansWater Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Nadiah Mohd Fazil ◽  
Nur Syarafina Mohd Azzimi ◽  
Badrul Hisham Yahaya ◽  
Nurulain Atikah Kamalaldin ◽  
Saiful Irwan Zubairi
Keyword(s):  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

Clinacanthus nutansis widely grown in tropical Asia and locally known “belalai gajah” or Sabah snake grass. It has been used as a natural product to treat skin rashes, snake bites, lesion caused by herpes, diabetes, fever, and cancer. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to determine the maximum yield and time of exhaustive flavonoids extraction using Peleg’s model and to evaluate potential of antiproliferative activity on human lung cancer cell (A549). The extraction process was carried out on fresh and dried leaves at 28 to 30°C with liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 mL/g for 72 hrs. The extracts were collected intermittently analysed using mathematical Peleg’s model and RP-HPLC. The highest amount of flavonoids was used to evaluate the inhibitory concentration (IC50) via 2D cell culture of A549. Based on the results obtained, the predicted maximum extract density was observed at 29.20 ± 14.54 hrs of extraction (texhaustive). However, the exhaustive time of extraction to acquire maximum flavonoids content exhibited approximately 10 hrs earlier. Therefore, 18 hrs of extraction time was chosen to acquire high content of flavonoids. The best antiproliferative effect (IC50) on A549 cell line was observed at 138.82 ± 0.60 µg/mL. In conclusion, the flavonoids content inClinacanthus nutanswater extract possesses potential antiproliferative properties against A549, suggesting an alternative approach for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gafurov ◽  
B. Muhammadiev ◽  
Sh. Mirzaeva ◽  
F. Kuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Laboratory Setup

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Gregorio Iván Peredo Pozos ◽  
Mario Alberto Ruiz-López ◽  
Juan Francisco Zamora Nátera ◽  
Carlos Álvarez Moya ◽  
Lucia Barrientos Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Antigenotoxic Effect

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is in high demand worldwide due to its beneficial health properties owing to the polyphenols content, mainly in the flower calyx. The objective of this study was to find the best conditions (time and liquid: solid ratio) to extract polyphenols from Roselle using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) (40 kHz, 180 W), with ethanol how solvent; as well as determine the yield of phenols, anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and antigenotoxic effect (comet assay). A traditional solid-liquid extraction was applied as a reference. Extraction times of 40 and 60 min resulted in the highest polyphenols (13.019 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw)), flavonoids (4.981 CE/g dw), anthocyanins (1.855 mg Cya3GE/g dw), and tannins (0.745 CE/g dw) recoveries and an antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 74.58%. Extracts from white calyces contained similar amounts of phenols and flavonoids, but very little condensed tannins (0.049 CE/g dw) and practically no anthocyanins. Extracts from red and white calyces, showed antigenotoxic activity and repaired capacity of damage caused by mutagens in human lymphocytes.

Optimization of aqueous extraction of orevactaene and flavanoid pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Paramjit S. Panesar ◽  
Sushma Gurumayum ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Broken Rice

Purpose The extraction of bioactive compounds such as pigments from natural sources, using different solvents, is a vital downstream process. The present study aims to investigate the effect of different variables, namely, extraction temperature, mass of fermented rice and time on the extraction process of orevactaene and flavanoid pigment from Epicoccum nigrum fermented broken rice. Design/methodology/approach Central composite rotatable design under response surface methodology was used for deducing optimized conditions. The pigments were extracted under conditions of extraction temperature (40-70°C), mass of fermented rice (0.5-1.5 g) and time (30-90 min), using water as the extraction media. The experimental data obtained were studied by analysis of variance. Data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Findings The optimum conditions generated by the software for aqueous extraction process, i.e. extraction temperature of 55.7°C, 0.79 g of fermented matter and extraction time of 56.6 min, resulted in a pigment yield of 52.7AU/g orevactaene and 77.2 AU/g flavanoid. Research limitations/implications The developed polynomial empirical model for the optimal recovery of the orevactaene and flavanoid pigments could be used for further studies in prediction of yield under specified variable conditions. Practical implications The response surface methodology helped in optimizng the conditions for the eco-friendly low-cost aqueous extarction process for orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, produced by Epicoccum nigrum during solid state fermentation of broken rice. This optimization can provide the basis for scaling up for industrial extraction process. Originality/value This paper focuses on optimizing the extraction conditions to get the maximum yield of orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, using water as the extracting media. No literature is available on the optimization of the extraction process of Epicoccum nigrum pigments, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.

scholarly journals Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and 1H-NMR Metabolomics Application in Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Clinacanthus nutans Water Leaf Extract

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leng Khoo ◽  
Audrey Foong Kow ◽  
M. Maulidiani ◽  
Ming Lee ◽  
Chin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

The present study aims for the first time to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of the highest dose of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract according to the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) 423 guidelines through conventional toxicity and advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation methods. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats, and they were observed for 14 days. Conventional toxicity evaluation methods (physical observation, body and organ weight, food and water consumption, hematology, biochemical testing and histopathological analysis) suggested no abnormal toxicity signs. Serum 1H-NMR metabolome revealed no significant metabolic difference between untreated and treated groups. Urinary 1H-NMR analysis, on the other hand, revealed alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in extract-treated rats after 2 h of extract administration, but the metabolic expression collected after 24 h and at Day 5, Day 10 and Day 15 indicated that the extract-treated rats did not accumulate any toxicity biomarkers. Importantly, the outcomes further suggest that single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water leaf extract is safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Scraps

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifang Wang ◽  
Sai Han ◽  
Xianjun Zha ◽  
Jiangrui Cheng ◽  
Junying Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Key Factors

Abstract Background: The green tea scraps are the waste materials during the process of green tea production, and it is significant to extractvaluable tea polyphenols (TP) for reuse. Objective: The objective of this study was to extract valuable TP from green tea scraps, and the extraction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum yield of TP. Methods: The TPwere extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with 65% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution as cosolvent. The content of TP was determinedwith the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The key factors ofthe extraction process, including temperature (313.15–323.15 K), pressure (20–30 Mpa), and amount of cosolvent (50–150 mL) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Results: These key factors showed the extremely complex effects on the extraction yield of TP. A second-order polynomial mathematical modelwasdeveloped for the response with high R-squared value (R2 = 0.9946) and used to predict the optimal conditions (i.e., temperature of 322.15 K, pressure of 23.60MPa, and amount of cosolvent of 150 mL). The verification experiments showed that the maximum yield ofTP was 23.07 ± 0.82% under the optimal conditions, which was in good agreement with the predicted value. Conclusions: TP can be successfully extracted from green tea scraps by SC-CO2, and RSM could be used to optimize the extraction process. Highlights: SC-CO2 extraction of TP from green tea scraps was developed. The operating conditions, including pressure, temperature, and amount of cosolvent, were optimized. RSM could successfully predict the optimal operating conditions.

scholarly journals Lasianosides A–E: New Iridoid Glucosides from the Leaves of Lasianthus verticillatus (Lour.) Merr. and Their Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadah Abdulaziz Al-Hamoud ◽  
Raha Saud Orfali ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Kenta Mizuno ◽  
Yoshio Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Iridoid Glucosides

The genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) consists of approximately 180 species, of which the greatest species diversity is found in tropical Asia. Some of the Lasianthus species have been used in folk medicine to treat tinnitus, arthritis, fever, and bleeding. Lasianthus verticillatus (Lour.) Merr. (Syn. Lasianthus trichophlebus auct. non Hemsl.) is a shrub, branchlets terete about 1.5–3 m in height. This paper studies the chemical composition of the leaves of L. verticillatus for the first time, which resulted in the isolation of five undescribed iridoid glucosides, lasianosides A–E (1–5), together with three known compounds (6–8). The undescribed structures of isolated compounds (1–5) were characterized by physical and spectroscopic data analyses, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, IR, UV, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HR-ESI-MS). Furthermore, the electronic circular dichroism data determined the absolute configurations of the new compounds. The free radical scavenging properties of isolated compounds was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and their cytotoxicity was assessed toward human lung cancer cell line A549 by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Among the isolated compounds, 3 and 4 displayed potent radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 30.2 ± 1.8 and 32.0 ± 1.2 µM, which were comparable to that of Trolox (29.2 ± 0.39 µM), respectively, while 5 possessed moderate activity with an IC50 value of 46.4 ± 2.3 µM. None of the isolated compounds exerted cytotoxicity against human cell line A549. As a result, lasianosides C, D, and E have the potential to be non-toxic safe antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Extraction and Encapsulation of Mucilage from Brasenia Schreberi

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingying Luo ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Junxia Lv ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Capsule Formulation ◽  
Brasenia Schreberi ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Actual Yield

The mucilage from Brasenia schreberi (BS) exhibits various biological activities, including antialgal, antibacterial, soluble-fiber properties, and excellent lubricating behavior. Thus, the extraction and wide use of mucilage in the food industry are crucial. In this study, the high-speed shear-assisted extraction of mucilage from BS was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: Extraction temperature of 82 °C, extraction time of 113 min, liquid–solid ratio of 47 mL/g, and shear speed of 10,000 rpm. Under these conditions, the actual yield of BS mucilage was 71.67%, which highly matched the yield (73.44%) predicted by the regression model. Then, the BS mucilage extract was powdered to prepare the capsule, and the excipients of the capsule were screened using a single-factor test to improve the disintegration property and flowability. The final capsule formulation, which consisted of: 39% BS mucilage powder (60 meshes); 50% microcrystalline cellulose (60 meshes) as the filler; both 10% sodium starch glycolate and PVPP XL-10 (3:1, 60 meshes) as the disintegrant; both 1% colloidal silicon dioxide and sodium stearyl fumarate (1:1, 100 meshes) as the glidant by weight; were used for preparing the weights of a 320 mg/grain of capsule with 154.7 ± 0.95 mg/g polysaccharide content. Overall, the optimized extraction process had a high extraction rate for BS mucilage and the capsule formulation was designed reasonably.

scholarly journals Saffron Processing Wastes as a Bioresource of High-Value Added Compounds: Development of a Green Extraction Process for Polyphenol Recovery Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achillia Lakka ◽  
Spyros Grigorakis ◽  
Ioanna Karageorgou ◽  
Georgia Batra ◽  
Olga Kaltsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

The current investigation was undertaken to examine saffron processing waste (SPW) as a bioresource, which could be valorized to produce extracts rich in antioxidant polyphenols, using a green, natural deep eutectic solvent (DES). Initially, there was an appraisal of the molar ratio of hydrogen bond donor/hydrogen bond acceptor in order to come up with the most efficient DES composed of L-lactic acid/glycine (5:1). The following step was the optimization of the extraction process using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions thus determined were a DES concentration of 55% (w/v), a liquid-to-solid ratio of 60 mL g−1, and a stirring speed of 800 rounds per minute. Under these conditions, the extraction yield in total polyphenols achieved was 132.43 ± 10.63 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry mass. The temperature assay performed within a range of 23 to 80 °C, suggested that extracts displayed maximum yield and antioxidant activity at 50–60 °C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the SPW extract obtained under optimal conditions showed that the predominant flavonol was kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside and the major anthocyanin delphinidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside. The results indicated that SPW extraction with the DES used is a green and efficient methodology and may afford extracts rich flavonols and anthocyanins, which are considered to be powerful antioxidants.

Optimization, Modeling and Antibacterial Activity of Extraction from Fructus Alpinia Oxyphylla

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Wen Xue Chen ◽  
Yue Ying Hu ◽  
Mei Fang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Alpinia Oxyphylla ◽  
Solvent Density ◽  
Good Agreement

Substances from Fructus Alpinia Oxyphylla (AOF) were extracted by using solvent extraction. In accordance with central composited design of response surface methodology system, the extracts were analyzed for the index which is the criteria formula of multiplying OD value by the yield. The optimum conditions obtained were extraction temperature of 60°C, liquid-solid ratio of 9mL/g, and solvent density of 80%. According to Ficks second law of diffusion, experimental parameters of K (rate constant), Ea (activation energy), Gs (effective diffusion coefficient) were gained, which represents a good agreement between the model simulation and the results of the actual process. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of extraction process. Antibacterial activities of the extraction were shown through MIC of which represents a significant effect.

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