scholarly journals Genomewide Expression and Functional Interactions of Genes under Drought Stress in Maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
Rinku Sharma ◽  
Nidhi Singh ◽  
Kaliyugam Shiriga ◽  
Sweta Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Proteins Metabolism ◽  
Coexpression Networks ◽  
Coexpression Pattern

A genomewide transcriptome assay of two subtropical genotypes of maize was used to observe the expression of genes at seedling stage of drought stress. The number of genes expressed differentially was greater in HKI1532 (a drought tolerant genotype) than in PC3 (a drought sensitive genotype), indicating primary differences at the transcriptional level in stress tolerance. The global coexpression networks of the two genotypes differed significantly with respect to the number of modules and the coexpression pattern within the modules. A total of 174 drought-responsive genes were selected from HKI1532, and their coexpression network revealed key correlations between different adaptive pathways, each cluster of the network representing a specific biological function. Transcription factors related to ABA-dependent stomatal closure, signalling, and phosphoprotein cascades work in concert to compensate for reduced photosynthesis. Under stress, water balance was maintained by coexpression of the genes involved in osmotic adjustments and transporter proteins. Metabolism was maintained by the coexpression of genes involved in cell wall modification and protein and lipid metabolism. The interaction of genes involved in crucial biological functions during stress was identified and the results will be useful in targeting important gene interactions to understand drought tolerance in greater detail.

scholarly journals Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Sumi Sarkar ◽  
Farzana Mustafa Era ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins and for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, the morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical and molecular levels of drought stress in legumes are described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as the morphological, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of legumes, are also reviewed. Moreover, various management approaches for mitigating the drought stress effects in grain legumes are assessed. Reduced leaf area, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, CO2 influx, nutrient uptake and translocation, and water-use efficiency (WUE) ultimately affect legume yields. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. The biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most detrimental effect of drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture (RSA), reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, antioxidant defense system, solute accumulation (e.g., proline) and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Several agronomic, breeding both conventional and molecular, biotechnological approaches are used as management practices for developing a drought-tolerant legume without affecting crop yield. Exogenous application of plant-growth regulators (PGRs), osmoprotectants and inoculation by Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes drought tolerance in legumes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), OMICS-based technology and CRISPR/Cas9 make the breeding work easy and save time in the developmental cycle to get resistant legumes. Several drought-resistant grain legumes, such as the chickpea, faba bean, common bean and pigeon pea, were developed by different institutions. Drought-tolerant transgenic legumes, for example, chickpeas, are developed by introgressing desired genes through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate genes occupying drought-tolerant traits, are identified from a variety of grain legumes, but not all are under proper implementation. Hence, more research should be conducted to improve the drought-tolerant traits of grain legumes for avoiding losses during drought.

scholarly journals Rice Glycosyltransferase Gene UGT85E1 Is Involved in Drought Stress Tolerance Through Enhancing Abscisic Acid Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Guang-rui Dong ◽  
Yu-qing Ma ◽  
Shu-man Zhao ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glycosyltransferase Gene ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints affecting plant growth and development and ultimately leads to yield loss. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are believed to play key roles in coping with environmental stresses. In rice, it is estimated that there are more than 200 UGT genes. However, most of them have not been identified as their physiological significance. In this study, we reported the characterization of a putative glycosyltransferase gene UGT85E1 in rice. UGT85E1 gene is significantly upregulated by drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The overexpression of UGT85E1 led to an enhanced tolerance in transgenic rice plants to drought stress, while the ugt85e1 mutants of rice showed a more sensitive phenotype to drought stress. Further studies indicated that UGT85E1 overexpression induced ABA accumulation, stomatal closure, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, increased proline and sugar contents, and upregulated expression of stress-related genes under drought stress conditions. Moreover, when UGT85E1 was ectopically overexpressed in Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants showed increased tolerance to drought as well as in rice. Our findings suggest that UGT85E1 plays an important role in mediating plant response to drought and oxidative stresses. This work may provide a promising candidate gene for cultivating drought-tolerant crops both in dicots and monocots.

scholarly journals Drought Stress-Mediated Transcriptome Profile Reveals NCED as a Key Player Modulating Drought Tolerance in Populus davidiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Uk Lee ◽  
Bong-Gyu Mun ◽  
Eun-Kyung Bae ◽  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Hyun-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Populus Davidiana ◽  
Strict Regulation

Populus trichocarpa has been studied as a model poplar species through biomolecular approaches and was the first tree species to be genome sequenced. In this study, we employed a high throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) mediated leaf transcriptome analysis to investigate the response of four different Populus davidiana cultivars to drought stress. Following the RNA-seq, we compared the transcriptome profiles and identified two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with contrasting expression patterns in the drought-sensitive and tolerant groups, i.e., upregulated in the drought-tolerant P. davidiana groups but downregulated in the sensitive group. Both these genes encode a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a key enzyme required for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements showed a significantly higher ABA accumulation in the cultivars of the drought-tolerant group following dehydration. The Arabidopsis nced3 loss-of-function mutants showed a significantly higher sensitivity to drought stress, ~90% of these plants died after 9 days of drought stress treatment. The real-time PCR analysis of several key genes indicated a strict regulation of drought stress at the transcriptional level in the P. davidiana drought-tolerant cultivars. The transgenic P. davidiana NCED3 overexpressing (OE) plants were significantly more tolerant to drought stress as compared with the NCED knock-down RNA interference (RNAi) lines. Further, the NCED OE plants accumulated a significantly higher quantity of ABA and exhibited strict regulation of drought stress at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we identified several key differences in the amino acid sequence, predicted structure, and co-factor/ligand binding activity of NCED3 between drought-tolerant and susceptible P. davidiana cultivars. Here, we presented the first evidence of the significant role of NCED genes in regulating ABA-dependent drought stress responses in the forest tree P. davidiana and uncovered the molecular basis of NCED3 evolution associated with increased drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the vascular brassinosteroid receptor BRL3 confers drought resistance without penalizing plant growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Fàbregas ◽  
Fidel Lozano-Elena ◽  
David Blasco-Escámez ◽  
Takayuki Tohge ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Andújar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes ◽  
Receptor Family

ABSTRACTDrought represents a major threat to food security. Mechanistic data describing plant responses to drought have been studied extensively and genes conferring drought resistance have been introduced into crop plants. However, plants with enhanced drought resistance usually display lower growth, highlighting the need for strategies to uncouple drought resistance from growth. Here, we show that overexpression of BRL3, a vascular-enriched member of the brassinosteroid receptor family, can confer drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Whereas loss-of-function mutations in the ubiquitously expressed BRI1 receptor leads to drought resistance at the expense of growth, overexpression of BRL3 receptor confers drought tolerance without penalizing overall growth. Systematic analyses reveal that upon drought stress, increased BRL3 triggers the accumulation of osmoprotectant metabolites including proline and sugars. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that this results from differential expression of genes in the vascular tissues. Altogether, this data suggests that manipulating BRL3 expression could be used to engineer drought tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Distinct Cellular Strategies Determine Sensitivity to Mild Drought of Arabidopsis Natural Accessions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Marieke Dubois ◽  
Mattias Vermeersch ◽  
Dirk Inzé ◽  
Hannes Vanhaeren
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Mild Drought

AbstractThe world-wide distribution of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) accessions imposes different types of evolutionary pressures, which contributes to various responses of these accessions to environmental stresses. Drought stress responses have been well studied, particularly in Columbia, a common Arabidopsis accession. However, the reactions to drought stress are complex and our understanding of which of these responses contribute to the plant’s tolerance to mild drought is very limited. Here, we studied the mechanisms by which natural accessions react to mild drought at a physiological and molecular level during early leaf development. We documented variations in mild drought tolerance among natural accessions and used transcriptome sequencing of a drought-sensitive accession, ICE163, and a drought-tolerant accession, Yeg-1, to get insights into the mechanisms underlying this tolerance. This revealed that ICE163 preferentially induces jasmonates and anthocyanin-related pathways, which are beneficial in biotic stress defense, while Yeg-1 has a more pronounced activation of abscisic acid signaling, the classical abiotic stress response. Related physiological traits, including content of proline, anthocyanins and ROS, stomatal closure and cellular leaf parameters, were investigated and linked to the transcriptional responses. We conclude that most of these processes constitute general drought response mechanisms that are regulated similarly in drought-tolerant and -sensitive accessions. However, the capacity to close stomata and maintain cell expansion under mild drought appeared to be major factors that contribute to a better leaf growth under mild drought.One-sentence summaryThis paper demonstrates that an efficient closure of stomata and maintenance of cell expansion during drought conditions are crucial to maximally preserve plant growth during water deficit.

Mitigation of drought stress in maize through inoculation with drought tolerant ACC deaminase containing PGPR under axenic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Axenic Conditions

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals NtbHLH1, a JAF13-like bHLH, interacts with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Fan ◽  
Jiayu Peng ◽  
Jiacheng Wu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Ruijie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background Flavonoid biosynthesis in plants is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by transcription factors modulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the flavonoid pathway. One of the most studied transcription factor complexes involved in this regulation consists of a MYB, bHLH and WD40. However, in Chinese Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis), a popular monocot bulb flower, the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis remains unclear. Results In this work, genes related to the regulatory complex, NtbHLH1 and a R2R3-MYB NtMYB6, were cloned from Chinese Narcissus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NtbHLH1 belongs to the JAF13 clade of bHLH IIIf subgroup, while NtMYB6 was highly homologous to positive regulators of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Both NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 have highest expression levels in basal plates of Narcissus, where there is an accumulation of proanthocyanidin. Ectopic over expression of NtbHLH1 in tobacco resulted in an increase in anthocyanin accumulation in flowers, and an up-regulation of expression of the endogenous tobacco bHLH AN1 and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. In contrast, the expression level of LAR gene was significantly increased in NtMYB6-transgenic tobacco. Dual luciferase assays showed that co-infiltration of NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 significantly activated the promoter of Chinese Narcissus DFR gene. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that NtbHLH1 interacts with NtMYB6. Conclusions Our results suggest that NtbHLH1 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teame Gereziher MEHARI ◽  
Yanchao XU ◽  
Richard Odongo MAGWANGA ◽  
Muhammad Jawad UMER ◽  
Joy Nyangasi KIRUNGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Synonymous Substitution Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Background Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses. Results Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm. Conclusion The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

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