scholarly journals Potential of Sodom Apple (Solanum incanum L.) Fruit Extracts in the Management of Chilli Root Knot Disease in Nakuru County, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charei Munene Waweru ◽  
Japhet Mburugu Muthamia ◽  
Daniel Otieno Otaye
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sodom Apple

Sodom apple (Solanum incanum L.) fruit extracts were tested for their potential to manage root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of sodom apple fruit extracts at different concentrations on the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, number of galls, and nitrogen and phosphorous levels in chilli infected with root knot nematodes was evaluated. The efficacy of sodom apple fruit extracts against the root knot nematodes was tested under glasshouse and field conditions. All treatment effects were determined by one-way ANOVA using SAS program (Version 9.3). Evaluation after treatment of plants with sodom apple fruit extracts showed that there was a significant difference (P=0.05) in plant heights, number of galls, leaf number, and nitrogen levels in chilli. In the field experiment, the highest mean heights were recorded in the 100% treatment (T1) during the first and third reading. Chilli plants that were treated with the sodom apple fruit extract had a significantly high number of leaves. In the greenhouse experiment, the positive control (T6) had the highest mean heights followed by the 50% treatment (T2). Our research results showed that sodom apple fruit extracts have nematicidal compounds with a potential to be used in the management of chilli root knot nematodes.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on some Attributes of SorghumGrown in Saline Soil under Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Abubaker Haroun M.Adam ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Taleim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 levels of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 75 Kg N/fed) on some attributes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L). This study was conducted in the farm of College of Agriculture, University of Bahri-Sudan; during the period 2014-2015. Where the soil is classified as saline with pH ranging from 7.5 -7.8. A randomized completely block designed (RCBD); with 3 replications and four (4) treatments was adopted. All recommended cultural practices were carried out timely. Data; pertaining some plant attributes were collected and analyzed. The result showed that the application of 75KgN/fed has increased both; the average number of leaves as well as the plant height compared to other levels of Nitrogen fertilizer including the control (Figure 1, Figure 2). For the average number of tillers concern, there is non -significant difference between all Nitrogen levels and average number of tillers (Figure 3). The study concluded that the Nitrogen fertilizer has variable effects on the studied agronomic characters, and the application of 75kgN/fed is the optimal level of fertilizer for improving the agronomic traits of Sorghum under Alkadaro conditions.

scholarly journals Sodom Apple (Solanum Incanum) Plant Material: A Greener Approach for Goat Skin Tanning Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihret Hailemariam Tekalign ◽  
Tolera Seda Badessa ◽  
Shegaw Ahmed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Sodom Apple

Abstract The use of natural materials that is eco-friendly on leather as vegetable tannins has become a matter of significant importance, as a result of increased environmental awareness to prevent some hazardous synthetic tannin. Therefore, this study investigated that the potential of the extracted tannin from Sodom apple (Solanum Incanum) fruit for its effectiveness as vegetable tanning agent on goatskins. It was extracted with distilled water, methanol, petroleum ether and ethanol by using Soxhlet extraction method. Although the amount of material extracted was significant in all extracting solvents, water was a more efficient solvent (extraction yield of 16.71%) than the others. The qualitative analysis and structural characterization of the extracts were done using thin layer chromatography (TLC), Ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer and Fourier Transformer Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The analysis confirmed that the presence of condensed tannins in the extract, which usually used for the application of tanning process in leather manufacturing industry. On other hand, the Quantitative Analysis of Sodom apple fruit extract was conducted by evaluating its moisture content (7.59%), total soluble solids (21.45%), tannin content (12.13%) and non-tannin contents (9.32%). The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was carried out to study the effect of the tannin system on the structural and morphological characteristics of the tanned leathers. Similarly, the organoleptic and strength properties of the tanned leathers were evaluated in comparison with the control ones. Finally, the pollution loads of tanning liquors in Sodom apple tanning significantly reduced as compared with the control (mimosa). Thus, the results in this study showed that the manufacture of leather based on Sodom apple fruit extract found to be a cleaner alterative and promising pathway for tanning goatskins.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Trichoderma harzianum as Bio-fungicide Against Moler Disease and Bio-stimulator of Shallot Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Icha Rusita ◽  
Hadi Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Moler disease is the primary disease that disturbs the shallot’ cultivation. Hence, it is beneficial to have preventive measures to mitigate the risk and to improve growth. The research objective is to know the effectivity of Trichoderma harzianum suspension as a bio-fungicide and bio-stimulator. The study used seven treatments, i.e., immersion of shallot seeds on negative control (distilled water), positive control (synthetic fungicide+ZPT 1g/liter), T.harzianum suspension with different concentrations of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm, assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment that results in a significant level will be continued to the Least Significance Different (LSD) 5% test. The observed variables are the intensity of moler disease and the growth of shallot seeds. Experiment results show the significant difference between treatments. The optimal treatment to reduce the percentage of moler disease intensity is the immersion of shallot seeds in 10 ppm-concentrated T.harzianum suspension, while to improve the shallot growth is in 8 ppm-concentrated T.harzianum suspension. The intensity of moler disease has a negative correlation to the plant’s height and leaf’s diameter but shows no correlation pattern to the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and length of roots.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN BOKASHI FESES SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SORGUM VARIETAS KAWALI

ZOOTEC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Susisusanty Imban ◽  
A Rumambi ◽  
S S Malalantang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT   UTILIZATION EFFECT OF CATTLE FECES BOKASHI ON GROWTH OF Kawali SORGHUM VARIETY . The Research about effect of utilization cow manure on growth of sorghum variety kawali has done. The aim of this research is to obtain data and determine the effect of utilization cow manure mixed with EM4 on growth of  sorghum variety kawali. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) which consists of 4 treatments and 5 replicates in each treatment. The treatments were divided into plots of the experimental unit without fertilizer (P0), the plot using organic fertilizer of 4 kg/6 m2 (P1), plot using organic fertilizer of 8 kg/6 m2 (P2), and plot using organic fertilizer of 12 kg/6 m2 (P3). The variables measured in this study were plant height, number of leaves and leaf width. The HSD test indicated that at high treatment plants showed that treatments between P3 and P0 and between P3 and P1 were highly significant. However, treatments between P3 and P2 showed no significant difference. In the treatments of advanced test HSD indicated also that number of leaves between P3 and P0 showed highly significant, but between P3 and P1, and between P3 and P2 showed no difference. In the treatment of wide leaves using HSD test showed that treatment between P3 and P0 was highly significant, but those between P3 and P1 and between P3 and P2 showed no difference. Statistical analysis showed that treatment using cattle feces bokashi as the organic fertilizer of 12 kg/ 6 m2 (P3) produced high significant influence on plant height, leaf number, and leaf width. Based on this research it can be concluded that cattle feces bokashi as the organic fertilizer up to 12 kg /plot of 6 m2 produced the best effect on plant height, leaf number, and leaf width of kawali sorghum variety. Key words: Sorgum, growt,  Cattle feces bokashi,EM4.

scholarly journals Angiogenesis inhibiting capacity of Basella rubra and Syszygium cumini fruit extracts using chorioallantoic membrane assay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Paula G. Galang ◽  
Milton Norman D. Medina ◽  
Pedrito M. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTAngiogenesis is a physiological process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing capillaries. This process is also the main qualification for tumor growth and plays a vital role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, angiogenesis inhibitors can be used to impede abnormal blood vessel growth. The study was conducted to assess angiogenesis inhibiting potential of B. rubra (Alugbati) and S. cumini (Lumboy) fruit extracts as cell mass growth retardants using Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay in Anas platyrhyncho (common Duck) embryo. The treatments were individually compared to Retinol palmitate as positive control and 0.9% sterilized normal saline solution as negative control. Data were gathered and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) to test for the significant anti-angiogenic activity and pair-wise comparison among the treatments respectively using a p-value of less than 0.01. Analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the fruit extracts and positive control while a significant difference between the fruit extracts and negative control was observed. Both treatments showed very good anti-angiogenic effect with average scores of 1.33 and 1.67 respectively compared to the positive control with a scoring averaging of 1.78. Furthermore, toxicity test is recommended for both treatments.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

Isolation of an Anti-fatigue Preparation from Cellulase-treated Maca by Hydroalcoholic Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Zhang Wen-Cheng ◽  
Wu Ze-Yu ◽  
Fu Chuan-Xiang ◽  
Gao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of maca hydroalcoholic extract (ME), which mainly contains macamides and polysaccharides. ME was prepared by circumfluence extraction with enzymatic pre-treatment. Anti-fatigue activity of ME was investigated in weight-loaded forced swimming mice, with pure macamides and commercially available maca tablet as positive control. Compared with normal group, pure macamides treatment group could prolong the swimming time to exhaustion, but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); while ME (middle-dose and high-dose groups) could effectively prolong the swimming durations (P < 0.05). Supplementation with pure macamides significantly decreased blood lactic acid (BLA), whereas ME significantly increased hepatic glycogen (HG), decreased BLA, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with those in normal control (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of ME was better than that of pure macamides, which can be explained by the increase of glycogen storage and the reduction of metabolites accumulation.

Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S45-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Kim ◽  
J Rimmer ◽  
N Mrad ◽  
S Ahmadzada ◽  
R J Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinonasal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beat

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the effect of Betadine on ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells.Methods:Epithelial cells from human sinonasal mucosa were cultured at the air–liquid interface. The cultures were tested with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing 10 mM HEPES (control), 100 µM ATP (positive control), 5 per cent Betadine or 10 per cent Betadine (clinical dose). Ciliary beat frequency was analysed using a high-speed camera on a computer imaging system.Results:Undiluted 10 per cent Betadine (n = 6) decreased the proportion of actively beating cilia over 1 minute (p < 0.01). Ciliary beat frequency decreased from 11.15 ± 4.64 Hz to no detectable activity. The result was similar with 5 per cent Betadine (n = 7), with no significant difference compared with the 10 per cent solution findings.Conclusion:Betadine, at either 5 and 10 per cent, was ciliotoxic. Caution should be applied to the use of topical Betadine solution on the respiratory mucosal surface.

The Effect of Pruning and Several Kinds of Growing Media Fertigation Hydroponic Systems Against Protection and Production of Melons (Cucumis Melo L.)

Nabatia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
M Abror ◽  
M Koko Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

This study aims to determine the effect of trimming with a wide variety of growing media hydroponic system fertigation on growth and yield of melon. Research will be conducted in the green house (House of plastic) UMSIDA Agriculture Faculty, Campus 2, Gelam, Candi, Sidoarjo, research time between the months of March to June 2016 using analysis of variance and continued test HSD 5%. The variables measured were plant height, leaf number, level of sweetness of fruit, fruit weight, high-fruit, thickness of the flesh of the fruit, conclusion from this research is going on the effect of trimming and a wide variety of growing media hydroponic system fertigation in treatment PM5 (trimming down, kokopit). There was also a real influence on the treatment PM6 (without pruning, kokopit) .In observation of plant height, leaf number, fruit weight, and high fruit. And also happens to influence a wide range of growing media on growth and yield of melon on hydroponics fertigation system, the PM6 treatment (without pruning, kokopit) had the highest rates in the observation of plant height, weight of the fruit, and the number of leaves.

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