scholarly journals The Bioprotective Effects of Polyphenols on Metabolic Syndrome against Oxidative Stress: Evidences and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Liu ◽  
Miao Luo ◽  
Shuang Wei

Polyphenols are the general designation of various kinds of phytochemicals, mainly classified as flavonoids and nonflavonoids. Polyphenolic compounds have been confirmed to exhibit numerous bioactivities and potential health benefits both in vivo and in vitro. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to significantly alleviate several manifestations of metabolic syndrome, namely, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and high blood sugar. This review is aimed at discussing the bioprotective effects and related molecular mechanisms of polyphenols, mainly by increasing antioxidant capacity or oxygen scavenging capacity. Polyphenols can exert their antioxidative activity by balancing the organic oxidoreductase enzyme system, regulating antioxidant responsive signaling pathways, and restoring mitochondrial function. These data are helpful for providing new insights into the potential biological effects of polyphenolic compounds and the development of future antioxidant therapeutics.

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rice-Evans

There is increasing interest in the biological effects of tea- and wine-derived polyphenols and many studies in vitro and in vivo are demonstrating their antioxidant properties. Tea is a major source of dietary polyphenols and an even richer source of the flavanols, the catechins and catechin/gallate esters. Although there are limited studies on the bioavailability of the polyphenols, the absorption of flavanols in humans has been shown. The studies described in this chapter discuss the relative antioxidant potentials of the polyphenolic flavonoids in vitro against radicals generated in the aqueous phase in comparison with their relative effectiveness as antioxidants against propagating lipid peroxyl radicals, and how their activity influences that of α-tocopherol in low-density lipoproteins exposed to oxidative stress.


Author(s):  
Marco Raffaele ◽  
Khaled Greish ◽  
Luca Vanella ◽  
Giuseppe Carota ◽  
Fatemah Bahman ◽  
...  

Background: Pomegranate is a fruit rich in bioactive compounds such as punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives. It has been widely used since ancient times in traditional medicine for a wide variety of diseases. It has been reported that bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, are able to induce the expression of cytoprotective enzymes, including HO-1. The contribution of HO-1 activity to the prevention of intestinal inflammation has been shown in different models of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Objective: Aim of the present research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of a pomegranate extract (PE), rich in bioactive compounds in intestinal inflammation. Methods: Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS and DSS induced colitis were chosen as convenient experimental models of intestinal inflammation. Results: Results obtained in our experimental conditions, showed that PE in vitro was able to induce HO-1 and to reduce cellular damage and oxidative stress through increase of GSH levels. Moreover, PE was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory marker IL-8 levels and to activate TIGAR pathway. The results obtained in vivo, in agreement with the data obtained in vitro, highlighted the ability of PE to reduce intestinal inflammation, preserve the colon length and histological features and reduce IL-6 levels compared to the DSS treated group. Conclusion: PE, rich in bioactive compounds, could contribute, as supportive therapy, to enhance the effects of the conventional therapeutic strategies to the management of IBD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Marcella Denaro ◽  
Valeria D’Angelo ◽  
Maria Paola Germanò ◽  
Domenico Trombetta

Citrus juices are a rich source of bioactive compounds with various and well-known health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the polyphenols and ascorbic acid content as well as to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of the juice of an ancient Mediterranean species, Citrus lumia Risso (CLJ). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by several in vitro cell-free and cell-based assays, whereas two different in vivo models, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the zebrafish embryos, were used to characterize the anti-angiogenic properties. Twenty-eight polyphenols were identified by RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis (flavonoids 68.82% and phenolic acids 31.18%) with 1-caffeoyl-5-feruloylquinic acid and kaempferol 3′-rhamnoside, which represent the most abundant compounds (25.70 and 23.12%, respectively). HPLC-DAD analysis showed a high ascorbic acid content (352 mg/kg of CLJ), which contributes with polyphenols to the marked and dose-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties observed. CLJ showed strong and dose-dependent anti-angiogenic activity as highlighted by the inhibition of blood vessel formation on CAMs and the decrease of endogenous alkaline phosphatase on zebrafish embryos. Moreover, within the concentration range tested, no dead or malformed embryos were recorded. Certainly, further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these promising biological effects, but considering the evidence of the present study, the use of CLJ as a ready-to drink safe prevention strategy for inflammatory-based diseases correlated to angiogenesis could be justified.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
...  

Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.


Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Katherine J Hamilton ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Tianyuan Wang ◽  
Artiom Gruzdev ◽  
...  

Abstract Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS) arises from rare mutations in estrogen receptor-α (ERα, encoded by ESR1 gene) resulting in the inability of estrogen to exert its biological effects. Due to its rarity, mutations in ESR1 gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms of EIS have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate known ESR1 mutants, Q375H and R394H, associated with EIS patients using in vitro and in vivo systems. Comparison of the transcriptome and deoxyribonucleic acid methylome from stable cell lines of both Q375H and R394H clinical mutants shows a differential profile compared with wild-type ERα, resulting in loss of estrogen responsiveness. Molecular dynamic simulation shows that both ESR1 mutations change the ERα conformation of the ligand-receptor complexes. Furthermore, we generated a mouse model Esr1-Q harboring the human mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Female and male Esr1-Q mice are infertile and have similar phenotypes to αERKO mice. Overall phenotypes of the Esr1-Q mice correspond to those observed in the patient with Q375H. Finally, we explore the effects of a synthetic progestogen and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor in the Esr1-Q mice for potentially reversing the impaired female reproductive tract function. These findings provide an important basis for understanding the molecular mechanistic consequences associated with EIS.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Tiurlan F. Hutajulu

Morinda Citrifolia, L.  known as Noni or Mengkudu is planting belonging to the family of Rubiaceae. A number of major components have been identified in leaves, roots, fruits of Noni plant, such as scopoletin, octanoic acid, vitamin C, iridoid, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, beta-sitosterol, carotene, vitamin A, flavone glycosides, alizarin, amino acids, acubin, austin, caproic acid, caprylic acid and putative procyonine. Its use as a botanical dietary supplement has grown tremendously in recent years. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the Noni consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including cancer disease, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease, artherosclerosis, blood vessel problem, gastric ulcer, drug addiction, muscle ached and pein. Several studies have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and immunologicalactivity. Based on a toxicological assessment, Noni juice was considered as safe. Although, a large number of in vitro and to a certain extent, and in vivo studies demonstrated a range potentially beneficial effects, clinical information data are still lacking completely. Therefore, to what extent the information findings from experimental pharmacological studies is not complete at present, so this article reviews potential health benefits for consumptions, its biological effects and looking for a new informationthat needs to be explored in detail before a recommendation can be madeABSTRAKMorinda citrofolia, L (mengkudu) merupakan jenis tanaman yang termasuk dalam golongan Rubiaceadan buahnya dikenal dengan nama Noni atau mengkudu. Beberapa komponen utama dalam tanaman tersebut telah diidentifikasi, mulai dari bagian akar, daun, dan buah, seperti kandungan scopoletin, asam oktanoad, vitamin C, iridoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, anthraquinon, beta-sitosterol, karotene, vitamin A, flavon glikosida, alizarin, asam amino, acubin, austin, asam kaproat, asam kaprilat dan putativ prokseronin. Buah tersebut akhir-akhir ini telah sukses banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai diet suplemen. Hasil studi secara epidemiologi menyatakan bahwa konsumsi mengkudu dapat membantu mencegah beberapa penyakit kronis, seperti penyakit kanker, kardiovaskular, diabetes tipe 2, penyakit jantung, artherosklerosis, masalah pembuluh darah, pencernaan, dan sakit otot. Beberapa studi juga menunjukkan bahwa mengkudu dapat berfungsi sebagai anti inflamasi, antioksidan, antimikroba, analgesik, dan bersifat immunlogis.Berdasarkan kajian secara toksikologi, buah dan jus mengkudu dinyatakan aman untuk dikonsumsi.  Penelitian secara in vitro pada beberapa jenis penyakit tertentu sedang diperluas, dan penelitian secara in vivo menunjukkan bahwa mengkudu mempunyai rentang potensi pengaruh yang baik bagi kesehatan, meskipun data informasinya secara klinis kurang lengkap. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengetahui apa yang sudah ditemukan dari hasil penelitian secara farmalogis yang belum lengkapsaat ini, maka dalam tulisan ini membahas potensi keuntungan kesehatan bila dikonsumsi, pengaruh biologinya dan pencarian informasibaru yang  perlu dikaji lebih rinci sebelum rekomendasi ditetapkan.Kata kunci: Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L), pangan fungsional, rempah medis. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 5152-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Budzynska ◽  
Caterina Faggio ◽  
Marta Kruk-Slomka ◽  
Dunja Samec ◽  
Seyed Fazel Nabavi ◽  
...  

Flavonoids are major dietary constituents of plant-based food found ubiquitously in plant kingdom where they are usually present in substantial amounts. Rutin is a flavonol-type polyphenol which consists of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin has been reported to exert diverse biological effects such as antitumor and antimicrobial mainly associated to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mental, neurological, and behavioural disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. Most of these disorders combine a high prevalence, early onset, progressive clinical course, and impairment of critical brain functions making them a major contributor to the global disease burden. In the present work, the biological in vitro and in vivo effects and the potential therapeutic applications of rutin in neurodegenerative processes are reviewed, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which are essential for a better understanding of its biological effectiveness. Moreover, the present review also provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which rutin is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellamkonda Bosebabu ◽  
Sri Pragnya Cheruku ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi ◽  
Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Rekha R. Shenoy ◽  
...  

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been authenticated for its medicinal value in both Chinese and Indian systems of medicine. Its numerous potential nutritional benefits are attributed to its main bioactive constituents, sesamol. As a result of those studies, several molecular mechanisms are emerging describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. This review summarized the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of sesamol. The present work summarises data available from Pubmed and Scopus database. Several molecular mechanisms have been elucidated describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. Its major therapeutic effects have been elicited in managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Further, compelling evidence reflected the ability of sesamol in inhibiting proliferation of the inflammatory cell, prevention of invasion and angiogenesis via affecting multiple molecular targets and downstream mechanisms. Sesamol is a safe, non‐toxic chemical that mediates anti‐inflammatory effects by down‐regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation. In addition, sesamol also induces apoptosis in cancer cells via mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the present review, several pharmacological effects of sesamol are summarised namely, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, radioprotective, anti-aging, anti-ulcer, anti-dementia, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiolytic, wound healing, cosmetic (skin whitening), anti-microbial, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition, hepatoprotective activity and other biological effects. Here we have summarized the proposed mechanism behind these pharmacological effects.


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jaramillo Flores

The interest in cacao flavanols is still growing, as bioactive compounds with potential benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Several analytical methodologies support that the flavanols in cacao-derived products can be absorbed, have bioactive properties, and thus can be responsible for their beneficial effects on human health. However, it must be considered that their biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms will depend on the concentrations achieved in their target tissues. Based on the antioxidant properties of cacao flavanols, this review focuses on recent advances in research regarding their potential to improve metabolic syndrome risk factors. Additionally, it has included other secondary plant metabolites that have been investigated for their protective effects against metabolic syndrome. Studies using laboratory animals or human subjects represent strong available evidence for biological effects of cacao flavanols. Nevertheless, in vitro studies are also included to provide an overview of these phytochemical mechanisms of action. Further studies are needed to determine if the main cacao flavanols or their metabolites are responsible for the observed health benefits and which are their precise molecular mechanisms.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5196
Author(s):  
Eva Tvrdá ◽  
Filip Benko ◽  
Tomáš Slanina ◽  
Stefan S. du Plessis

Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the prevention or management of a wide array of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of male sub- or infertility has been proposed as a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effects of selected natural biomolecules on the sperm production, structural integrity, and functional activity. At the same time, we reviewed their possible beneficial or adverse effects on male reproductive health. Using relevant keywords, a literature search was performed to collect currently available information regarding molecular mechanisms by which selected natural biomolecules exhibit their biological effects in the context of male reproductive dysfunction. Evidence gathered from clinical trials, in vitro experiments and in vivo studies suggest that the selected natural compounds affect key targets related to sperm mitochondrial metabolism and motion behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA integrity and cell death. The majority of reports emphasize on ameliorative, stimulating and protective effects of natural biomolecules on the sperm function. Nevertheless, possible adverse and toxic behavior of natural compounds has been indicated as well, pointing out to a possible dose-dependent impact of natural biomolecules on the sperm survival and functionality. As such, further research leading to a deeper understanding of the beneficial or adverse roles of natural compounds is necessary before these can be employed for the management of male reproductive dysfunction.


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