scholarly journals Role of Circular RNAs in Preeclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningyi Jia ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder Of Pregnancy

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs characterized by circular covalently closed structures, which are generated by back-splicing. circRNA is more stable and conserved than linear RNA and exists in various organisms. Preeclampsia (PE), a common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, has a profound impact on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Recent studies demonstrated that circRNAs were differentially expressed in PE maternal-fetal interface compared with those in the control and might mediate pathological processes in pregnancy complications. However, the mechanisms of action of circRNAs in PE are still unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the current state of knowledge on circRNAs associated with PE. We summarize the known expression profiles of circRNAs and discuss their potential application as biomarkers of PE. The possible mechanisms underlying circRNA dysregulation in the etiology of PE are also explored.

scholarly journals From animal models to patients: the role of placental microRNAs, miR-210, miR-126, and miR-148a/152 in preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Frazier ◽  
Martin W. McBride ◽  
Helen Mulvana ◽  
Delyth Graham
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder Of Pregnancy

Abstract Placental microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the placental transcriptome and play a pathological role in preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Three PE rodent model studies explored the role of placental miRNAs, miR-210, miR-126, and miR-148/152 respectively, by examining expression of the miRNAs, their inducers, and potential gene targets. This review evaluates the role of miR-210, miR-126, and miR-148/152 in PE by comparing findings from the three rodent model studies with in vitro studies, other animal models, and preeclamptic patients to provide comprehensive insight into genetic components and pathological processes in the placenta contributing to PE. The majority of studies demonstrate miR-210 is upregulated in PE in part driven by HIF-1α and NF-κBp50, stimulated by hypoxia and/or immune-mediated processes. Elevated miR-210 may contribute to PE via inhibiting anti-inflammatory Th2-cytokines. Studies report an up- and downregulation of miR-126, arguably reflecting differences in expression between cell types and its multifunctional capacity. MiR-126 may play a pro-angiogenic role by mediating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Most studies report miR-148/152 family members are upregulated in PE. Evidence suggests they may inhibit DNA methylation of genes involved in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Given the genetic heterogeneity of PE, it is unlikely that a single placental miRNA is a suitable therapeutic target for all patients. Investigating miRNAs in PE subtypes in patients and animal models may represent a more appropriate approach going forward. Developing methods for targeting placental miRNAs and specific placental cell types remains crucial for research seeking to target placental miRNAs as a novel treatment for PE.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Ba Da Yun ◽  
Ye Ji Choi ◽  
Seung Wan Son ◽  
Gabriel Adelman Cipolla ◽  
Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.

Abstract 45: Pathological Role of LIGHT, a New TNF-alpha Superfamily Member, in Preeclampsia via Activation of HVEM and LTβR

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Roxanna A Irani ◽  
Haixiong Liu ◽  
Yujing Zhang ◽  
Lijian Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Role Of Light

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The current treatment for PE is limited because underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain undefined. PE is, however, recognized as an autoimmune disease, which is associated with a series of inflammatory cytokines. Using sensitive ELISA arrays, we discovered a pronounced inflammatory response was stimulated in circulation of PE patients, including elevated levels of LIGHT, a novel TNF superfamily member, which is involved in pathogenesis of series of autoimmune diseases. Next, we confirmed that LIGHT is significantly increased in the circulation and placenta women with PE. In order to determine the role of LIGHT in pathophyisology of PE, we injected recombinant LIGHT into pregnant mice and non-pregnant mice. We demonstrated that LIGHT directly induces major clinical PE features including hypertension (161±3mmHg vs. control 122±3mmHg, p<0.05) and proteinuria (57±2.7μg/mg vs. control 22±2.5μg albumin/mg creatinine, p<0.05) in the pregnant mice. In contrast,LIGHT only induced hypertension (149±2mmHg vs. control 122±8mmHg, p<0.05) but not proteinuria in non-pregnant mice, indicating LIGHT has a previously unrecognized role in pathophysiology of PE and its detrimental effects on kidney injury is pregnancy-dependent. Mechanistically, using neutralizing antibodies for LIGHT receptors, we found that LIGHT transmembrane receptors, HVEM and LTβR, are required for LIGHT-induced hypertension and proteinuria in the pregnant mice by inducing sFlt-1 production, impaired placental angiogenesis and endothelium dysfunction in pregnant mice. Overall, our studies provide both human and mouse evidence that elevated LIGHT contributes to pathophysiology of PE via both HVEM and LTβR signaling and immediately suggest a novel therapeutic possibility.

Biological functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in small-cell lung cancer

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1751-1763
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Monu Pandey ◽  
Surender K Sharawat
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Small Cell Lung

We aim to discuss comprehensively the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biology and their clinical utility as cancer biomarkers. We searched the scientific literature to select articles related to the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC biology or as cancer biomarkers. We identified that a number of lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate key biological processes involved in SCLC development, including cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance mainly acting as miRNA sponges. Also, the expression of a few lncRNAs and circRNAs predicted survival outcome depicting their utility as prognostic biomarkers. Further investigations on the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC tumors may yield novel therapeutic targets for SCLC.

Competing Endogenous RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma—The Pinnacle of Rivalry

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Yousry Afify ◽  
Salma Abdulmaqsoud Ibrahim ◽  
Mennah Hisham Aldamsisi ◽  
Mai Saad Zaghloul ◽  
Nada El-Ekiaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Solo Performance ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Genomic Regulation

AbstractThe role of noncoding transcripts in gene expression is nowadays acknowledged to keep various diseases at bay—despite being referred to as “junk” DNA several years ago. Believed to be at the heart of multiple regulatory pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Recently, the discovery of ncRNAs that compete for shared miRNA pools has dimmed the light on the solo performance of miRNAs in genomic regulation. Indeed, several studies describe RNAs such as long noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, circular RNAs, pseudogenes, and viral RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that sequester miRNAs, allowing for de-repression of downstream miRNA targets. Such integration between coding and noncoding transcripts forms complex ceRNA networks that when dysregulated lead to several diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors review perturbed ceRNA networks in hepatocellular carcinoma, describe the role of each in tumorigenesis, and discuss their various clinical implications.

Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yin ◽  
Chong Zeng ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Jie Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Hashimoto Disease

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves’ diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.

Natural killer cells and T lymphocytes in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (24) ◽  
pp. 2911-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin B. Taylor ◽  
Jennifer M. Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder Of Pregnancy ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
In Pregnancy

Although pre-eclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, has significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, the mechanisms contributing to this disease have not been fully elucidated. Studies in patients and experimental models have shown that changes in the number or function of immune cells of both the adaptive and innate immune systems contribute to the development and pathogenesis of PE. This commentary summarizes our current understanding of the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of PE, specifically focussing on dysfunction of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocyte populations.

scholarly journals Constructing mRNA, miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA Regulatory Network by Analysis of Microarray data in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Hassani ◽  
Hasan Mollanoori ◽  
Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili ◽  
Yazdan Asgari ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Breast Tumorigenesis

Abstract Background. Luminal tumors are the utmost frequent subtype of breast cancer (BC). Despite luminal BC has relatively good prognosis, in a subset of patients, disease relapse occursto endocrine therapy ;hence, there is a critical need to identify new strategies to promote the early detection and more effective therapies. Noncoding RNAs including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs can interact with and modulate each other via diverse molecular mechanisms and make a complicated regulatory network.ncRNAs participate in diverse biological processes and disorders such as breast tumors. Therefore, understanding their regulatory mechanisms allow to develop new field of research and therapeutic options for BC patients.Methods. In this study, BC-specific RNA expression profiles including mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were retrievedfrom Gene Expression Omnibus microarray datasets, and differentially expressed(DE) items were obtained. Disease ontology, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were executed. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and hub mRNAs were extracted.The prognostic value of hub mRNAs in patients of BC were performed. Subsequently, a ceRNA network was established.Results. In total, 691 DE genes, 122 DE lncRNAs, 60 DE miRNAs, and 38 DE circRNAs in breast tumor samples were compared with normal samples. Subsequently, 12 hub-genesincluding FOXO3, RHOA, EZH2, KIT, HSP90B1, NCOA3, RAC1, IGF1, CAV1, CXCR4, CCNB1, and ITGB1 were screened from the network. Kaplan-Meier Plotter results revealed that FOXO3 and RHOA were a suitable prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer. Finally, we determined possible ncRNAs (circ0007535, circ0002727, circ0005240, circ0014130, circ0044927, circ0007001, circ0089153,NORAD, MALAT1, TUG1, ZFAS1, OPI5-AS1, miR183,miR182, miR101, miR200c, miR200b, miR149, miR342, and miR1207) which could crosstalk with each other to regulateFOXO3 and RHOA through different regulatory patterns. Conclusion. These data might improve our perception of the breast tumorigenesis and could develop new field of research and therapeutic options for BC patients.

scholarly journals Functional and Clinical Impact of CircRNAs in Oral Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Cristóbal ◽  
Cristina Caramés ◽  
Jaime Rubio ◽  
Marta Sanz-Alvarez ◽  
Melani Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

The increasing number of recently published works regarding the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in oral cancer highlights the key contribution of this novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs as regulators of critical signaling pathways and their clinical value as novel biomarkers. This review summarizes and puts into context the existing literature in order to clarify the relevance of circRNAs as novel mediators of oral cancer pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as predictors of clinical outcome and response to therapy in this disease.

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