scholarly journals Natural Chalcones in Chinese Materia Medica: Licorice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Danni Wang ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yuefei Wang ◽  
Xin Chai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Chinese Materia Medica ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Licorice is an important Chinese materia medica frequently used in clinical practice, which contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. Chalcone, one of the major classes of flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities and is widely distributed in nature. To date, about 42 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice. These chalcones play a pivotal role when licorice exerts its pharmacological effects. According to the research reports, these compounds have a wide range of biological activities, containing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidepressive, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. This review aims to summarize structures and biological activities of chalcones from licorice. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the further studies of chalcones from licorice.

Pharmacologically potentials of different substituted coumarin derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Coumarin Compounds

Coumarin and its derivatives are widely spread in nature. Coumarin goes to agroup as benzopyrones, which consists of a benzene ring connected to a pyronemoiety. Coumarins displayed a broad range of pharmacologically useful profile.Coumarins are considered as a promising group of bioactive compounds thatexhibited a wide range of biological activities like anti-microbial, anti-viral,antiparasitic, anti-helmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer,anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, and antihypertensiveactivities etc. The coumarin compounds have immense interest due to theirdiverse pharmacological properties. In particular, these biological activities makecoumarin compounds more attractive and testing as novel therapeuticcompounds.

A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto ◽  
Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Claudia Regina B. Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.

Chain-breaking/Preventive Antioxidant, Urate-lowering, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pure Curcumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Seghira Bisset ◽  
Widad Sobhi ◽  
Chawki Bensouici ◽  
Abdelhalim Khenchouche
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chain Breaking ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Several researches have shown that therapeutic compounds or phytochemicals from natural sources are important in the food as it is valuable in pharmaceutical industries due to their fewer side effects and potent against various diseases. Curcumin, a major polyphenol derived from turmeric spice, which used in many foods, has a wide range of biological activities, with quite a safety. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, urate-lowering, and antiinflammatory effects of pure curcumin. Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated for chain-breaking antioxidant effect (radicalscavenging and reducing abilities assays) and for preventive antioxidant effect with metal chelating assay, the urate-lowering was assayed on aspectrophotometer by measuring the inhibition of uric acid production by xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme, and the anti-inflammatory effect was estimated using in vitro albumin denaturation inhibition. Results: Curcumin showed a significant and good chain-breaking antioxidant effect, both in free radical- scavenging assays (Galvinoxyl radical, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical), and in reducing abilities methods (reducing power, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and O-phenanthroline assays). In preventive antioxidant effect, assessed with the metal chelating assay, curcumin showed significant effect but with high concentration compared with standard. In the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, curcumin significantly inhibited uric acid production (IC50=0.71 ± 0.06 mg/mL). Regarding antiinflammatory activity, curcumin showed significant inhibition of albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of 1181.69 ± 1.11μg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that curcumin showed promising antioxidant, anti-gout and antiinflammatory properties and might be used as potential, natural drugs against oxidative and inflammation- related diseases.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bilosomal Properties Resulted in Optimum Pharmacological Effects by Increased Acidification Pathways

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Thomas Foster ◽  
Corina M Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that some bile acids, such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), can exert cellular protective effects when encapsulated with viable β-cells via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms. However, to explore their full potential, formulating such bile acids (that are intrinsically lipophilic) can be challenging, particularly if larger doses are required for optimal pharmacological effects. One promising approach is the development of nano gels. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine biological effects of various concentrations of CDCA using various solubilising nano gel systems on encapsulated β-cells. Methods: Using our established cellular encapsulation system, the Ionic Gelation Vibrational Jet Flow technology, a wide range of CDCA β-cell capsules were produced and examined for morphological, biological, and inflammatory profiles. Results and Conclusion: Capsules’ morphology and topographic characteristics remained similar, regardless of CDCA or nano gel concentrations. The best pharmacological, anti-inflammatory, and cellular respiration, metabolism, and energy production effects were observed at high CDCA and nano gel concentrations, suggesting dose-dependent cellular protective and positive effects of CDCA when incorporated with high loading nano gel.

Non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs in domestic animals: I. Their classification, mechanism of action and pharmacological effects

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chemical Groups

A large number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, of different chemical groups are available for veterinary use. These drugs act mainly by inhibiting the. formation of endoperoxides (prostaglandins and thromboxanes) through the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in the eicosanoid pathway. A wide range of pharmacological effects, including analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects occur as a result of this inhibition. The classification, mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of these drugs are reviewed.

scholarly journals Inclusion Complexes of β and HPβ-Cyclodextrin with α, β Amyrin and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ferreira da Silva Júnior ◽  
Danielle Lima Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Luana Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Letícia Scherer Koester ◽  
Patrícia Danielle Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Mixture ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

α, β amyrin (ABAM) is a natural mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes that has a wide range of biological activities. ABAM is isolated from the species of the Burseraceae family, in which the species Protium is commonly found in the Amazon region of Brazil. The aim of this work was to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) of ABAM and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) by physical mixing (PM) and kneading (KN) methods. Interactions between ABAM and the CD’s as well as the formation of ICs were confirmed by physicochemical characterization in the solid state by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physicochemical characterization indicated the formation of ICs with both βCD and HPβCD. Such ICs were able to induce changes in the physicochemical properties of ABAM. In addition, the formation of ICs with cyclodextrins showed to be an effective and promising alternative to enhance the anti-inflammatory activity and safety of ABAM.

The Toxicity and Attenuation Methods of Toxic Chinese Materia Medica for its Reasonable Application: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Jun-Yan Xiang ◽  
Yan-Yu Chi ◽  
Jin-Xin Han ◽  
Hongyu Xiang ◽  
Qiuhong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Chinese Materia Medica ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Rational Application ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Toxic Components

Over a millennia, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat various diseases in China. In recent years, more and more Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been studied in scientific research projects, applied in clinical practice, and their extracts have even appeared in some health products. However, the toxicity of some CMM is often overlooked, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc. In this review, the toxic components and their toxicological mechanisms of some toxic CMM were listed according to the chemical structure classification of toxic components. Afterwards, the traditional methods (processing and compatibility) and modern methods (structural modification, biotransformation, etc.) of attenuation of CMM were discussed. Since ancient times, it has been said that “fight fire with fire, fight poison with poison,” and toxic CMM are of great significance in the treatment of difficult and severe diseases. The rational application of toxic CMM and their components in clinical practice was also exemplified in this review. While the pharmacological effects of TCMs have been emphasized, the scientific attenuation and rational application of toxic components should be concerned. We hope this review can provide a reference for future related research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Binding of Rosmarinic Acid with Human Transferrin and Its Impact on the Protein Structure: Targeting Polyphenolic Acid-Induced Protection of Neurodegenerative Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anas Shamsi ◽  
Saleha Anwar ◽  
Mohd Shahbaaz ◽  
Taj Mohammad ◽  
Mohamed F. Alajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Human Transferrin ◽  
Wide Range

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound that is gaining wide popularity owing to its broad-spectrum biological activities. RA is known for its wide range of medicinal properties and therapeutic applications in a vast range of neurodegenerative disorders thus making it a vital natural compound. Human transferrin (hTf) is a clinically significant protein that plays a pivotal role in maintaining iron homeostasis. The importance of studies pertaining to hTf is attributable to the pivotal role of iron deposition in CNS in neurodegenerative disorders. The study was intended to have an insight into the interaction between RA and hTf employing multispectroscopic approach, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Fluorescence quenching studies revealed that RA shows an excellent binding affinity to hTf with a binding constant ( K ) of 107 M-1 and is guided by static mode of quenching. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) further validated the spontaneous nature of binding. The estimation of enthalpy change (∆H) and entropy change (∆S) suggested that the RA-hTf complex formation is driven by hydrogen bonding, thereby making this process seemingly specific. Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra suggested that RA induces conformational and structural changes in hTf. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) studies were carried out to investigate the stability of the hTf and hTf–RA system and suggested that binding of RA induces structural alteration in hTf with free hTf being more stable. This study provides a rationale to use RA in drug development against neurodegenerative disorders by designing novel functional foods containing RA.

scholarly journals Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Tauseef Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Marwa Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety And Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a popular natural drug, traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Its root, as its most popular part used for medicinal purposes, contains different types of phytochemicals and minerals. This review summarizes what is currently known on biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities (mechanistically), and clinical applications of turmeric. In short, curcumin is considered as the fundamental constituent in ground turmeric rhizome. Turmeric possesses several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. These reported pharmacologic activities make turmeric an important option for further clinical research. Also, there is a discussion on its safety and toxicity.

scholarly journals Biological and pathophysiological role of adiponectin

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Yury V. Petrenko ◽  
Ksenia S. Gerasimova ◽  
Valeria P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes numerous protein hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. Adiponectin is a hormone that is produced by white adipose tissue. Adiponectin has been isolated independently by several groups of scientists. In humans, this protein is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene. Adiponectin receptors are widely distributed in many organs and tissues including liver, heart, pancreas, kidneys, muscles and many other cell types. A serum concentration of adipocin correlates with body mass index (BMI). Decreased level of adiponectin leads to obesity, the development of gestational complications in pregnant women, as well as a high risk of diabetes mellitus development and atherosclerosis. A high concentration of this hormone has anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antiproliferative and cancer-defense mechanisms. Adiponectin strongly suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting genes involved in glucose production. Obese people have lower blood levels of adiponectin than normal weight individuals. Adiponectin’s anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties result in protection of the blood vessels, heart, lungs, and colon. Adiponectin, an abundant adipocyte-secreted factor with a wide-range of biological activities, improves insulin sensitivity in insulin target tissues, modulates inflammatory responses, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy metabolism.

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