scholarly journals Analysis of Multiobjective Scheduling Model for Emergency Management under Multiresource Combination of Disaster Chains

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dan Su ◽  
Xiaokang Lei ◽  
Yongming Wang ◽  
Haijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Dynamical Mechanism ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Disaster Chain ◽  
Urban Hazard ◽  
Emergency Resource

This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of urban hazard chains. The results demonstrate that the complex interaction between the disaster-bearing bodies under the action of disaster-causing factors is the direct cause of urban hazard chains. The analysis of the energy effects of urban hazard chains shows that the coupling of the excitation energy released by the causative agent and the energy of the disaster-bearing bodies is the fundamental cause of urban hazard chains. Based on the description of the dynamical mechanism of the urban disaster chain system, this paper first sets up a disaster scenario and considers the effect of the time lag to establish a system dynamics model of the urban disaster chain and urban disaster management. The model of urban disaster management system dynamics shows the mutual influence and complementary relationship between disasters and the economy, pointing out that emphasizing the spill-over effects of disaster management systems can improve the effectiveness of disaster mitigation. This study also uses equilibrium entropy and brittle entropy theories to characterize the vulnerability of single-function networks and the degree of brittle association of each lifeline subsystem, respectively, and establishes a model for assessing the sensitivity of lifeline systems to disaster damage. Built on the collection and feedback of information from disaster areas after the occurrence of emergencies, this paper establishes a deterministic multihazard emergency resource dispatches model and an uncertain multihazard emergency resource dispatch model.

Building Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia: A Way Forward

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Earl Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Domestic Capital

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) was established in 1986. It was restructured in July 2003 to focus on specific technical areas: climate variability and change management, urban disaster risk management, public health in emergencies, building national and provincial disaster management systems, and community based disaster risk management (CBDRM), promoting regional cooperation, identifying disaster risk management (DRM) needs in the region and developing strategic solutions. The consolidation enables ADPC's teams to work more effectively with stakeholders and build cross-team inputs into their work. Multiple hazards under this new thematic approach are a key concept along with new areas of importance to DRM that include chemical, biological and radio-nuclear risks, heritage and disaster mitigation, and the role of domestic capital markets in financing improvements in the built environment to create a safer, more disaster-resilient world. The terms “risk management”, “risk reduction”, “vulnerability reduction”, “capacity building” and “mitigation” began replacing the reactive term “disaster management”, thus making pro-active DRM in Asia part of the development agenda that must deal with the growing variety and intensity of hazards. It was a shift from short-term, reactive, charity-driven responses to long-term, proactive, development initiatives. Making the right development choices requires coordinated efforts by committed leaders who have the political will and determination to include risk reduction measures in their policies and plans; a corporate sector that will prioritise risk issues and include them into their business plans; scientists who will provide the knowledge and understanding of current and new areas of risk reduction; committed non-government agencies that advocate for risk reduction; educators who are responsible for shaping the awareness of future generations; a mass media that has the power to influence and change behaviour; and informed citizens who make choices about the risks in their lives.

scholarly journals A Methodology of Workshops to Explore Mutual Assistance Activities for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3814
Author(s):  
Kazuki Karashima ◽  
Akira Ohgai
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Large Earthquakes

To minimize the damage caused by large earthquakes, mutual assistance activities between residents and rescue victims (i.e., to support residents who cannot evacuate individually) are important. To enhance these activities, the technologies and methods for creating a Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), based on the quantitative evaluation of mutual assistance abilities, are required. However, the lack of a method for it is a key issue. This study aims to develop a methodology of workshops for making CDMPs by using the developed support tool by the authors to explore and promote mutual assistance activities. Through the demonstration and examination of a Community Disaster Management Plan on actual districts, the findings mentioned in this article were obtained. Moreover, the usability of this method is shown. In particular, this method is effective at revising CDMPs, and raising resident awareness on the importance of mutual assistance. The suggested method can also improve the lack of techniques involved in promoting mutual assistance.

Geo-Information Support in Management of Urban Disasters

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Sisi Zlatanova ◽  
Peter van Oosterom ◽  
Edward Verbree
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Actual Response

Within the management of urban disasters, geo-information systems (GIS) are used in any of the phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery as most of the required data have a spatial component. Examples of GIS-based decision support systems on mitigation are found in simulation models of floods and earthquakes. In the preparation phase all kinds of spatial observations and models can be used to predict which areas will be threatened. To prepare for adequately responding in case of an actual disaster, these systems are capable of developing realistic scenarios that are used within training and virtual reality (VR) systems. During the actual response phase geo-information is used intensively: for getting an impression of the environment, for routing, for obtaining up-to-date information about the actual situation, etc. In the recovery phase, there is often a high public and political interest to judge the situation - comparing the pre- and post-disaster situation - and to set priorities for the rebuilding. Despite this potential of GIS-based support for urban disaster management, the use of these systems or even the utilisation of geo-information itself is still very limited in countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The emergency management is usually done with paper maps that are seldom up-to-date. Useful systems to support decision makers in any of the phases of disaster management are nearly completely lacking. To improve the work of decision makers and rescue teams, different premises have to be archived in relation to: meta-information to provide insight on the availability and usefulness of the geo-information itself, the technical equipment of the rescue teams (i.e. communication devices and field computers), and the up-to-date information from the affected areas (images, observations, reports). This paper suggests a framework for “urban and urgent” disaster management to facilitate the work of police forces, fire departments, ambulances and government coordinators in disaster situations by extending and improving the utilisation of geo-information. Within a pre-disaster situation, geo-information support management further can assist planning for prevention and mitigation.

scholarly journals Inter-annual change of the drought limit water level of a reservoir based on system dynamics

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawen Li ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Runxiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Structural Diagram ◽  
Yuqiao Reservoir ◽  
Engineering Measure ◽  
Drought Early Warning ◽  
Limit Water Level

Abstract Drought is one of the major natural disasters affecting the development of economies and society. Drought early warning is the primary step and most important non-engineering measure for drought relief. This paper took Yuqiao Reservoir in Tianjin as a case study and analysed inter-annual changes of the drought limit water level. First, the causality between variables in the water supply–demand system was analysed, and a structural diagram of water sources allocation was drawn. Coupled with the parameters and a structural diagram, a system dynamics (SD) model of the water supply volume was established. Secondly, simulation results were tested to ensure that the model was valid. The water supply volume from 2003 to 2020 was simulated by using the model. Finally, based on the inflow process and the water supply volume, the drought limit water level was calculated. The results showed the water supply volume of Yuqiao Reservoir has changed remarkably. The drought limit water levels in 2003–2012 and in 2016–2020 were 16.70 m and 16.30 m, respectively: a difference of 0.40 m. The regulation curve of guarantee for water supply during 2016–2020 is significantly lower than that of 2003–2012. This research is of great significance for drought resistance, disaster mitigation and reservoir management.

scholarly journals Citizen Engagement Challenges in Urban Disaster Management Programs with Special Reference to Fire, Waterlogging and Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Kazi Nazmul Huda ◽  
M. Jamir Uddin ◽  
Moslehuddin Chowdhury Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Urban Fire

The main objective of this study is to explore the challenges of engaging citizens in urban disaster management (UDM) in the urban fire, waterlogging, and pandemic like COVID 19. A qualitative research approach, mainly in-depth interview method was applied to gain insights from different government officials of civil defense, police force, and ward councilors of Dhaka and Chattogram City Corporations, who were experienced in working at the field level UDM. The study tried to investigate the challenges faced by the officials during disaster rescue operations with special reference to the role of urban citizens. The findings of the study capture, in detail, the challenges faced by different personnel involved in UDM operations. While citizen engagement is expected to be a positive notion, in most cases, citizens themselves become the main obstacle of disaster management, due to their ignorance, negligence, and lack of patience in the given disastrous and pandemic situation, and thus, hinders UDM operations and crisis management. The lessons learned from contemporary urban disasters like fire and the COVID 19 pandemic are recorded elaborately. Based on that, different recommendations are made to ensure the active engagement of citizens to facilitate UDM activities in an orderly manner.   

scholarly journals Integration of the Urban Local Bodies for Disaster Mitigation in Aizawl City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Malsawmi Pachuau
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Disaster

Local government plays an integral part in the mechanism of Disaster Management in Mizoram. The local bodies are the direct representatives of the local community and the local community places their full trust in them. Post disaster measures such as mock drills, training of search and rescue teams, physical and economic relief and rehabilitation are not something new to us, yet the aspect of disaster mitigation is something which has not bred familiarity among the Mizos. The need for sensitization of the public on the importance of Disaster Mitigation is a necessity. The saying ‘Earthquakes do not kill people; buildings do’ is pertinent in urban areas. Urban areas are congested and more prone to disasters. High rise buildings, squatter settlements due to high densities and low availability of land has endangered not just the lives of the public but has also caused a massive disturbance of the ecological system. The paper covers certain Acts and Regulations of the Aizawl Municipal Corporation dealing with structural mitigation and the detection of illegal construction, unsafe buildings, and encroachments on municipal and public properties. At the local level, the councillors are involved in making, unmaking and carrying out these rules and regulations, with direct bearing on the local people. The paper also gives an account of the need of reimplementation to generate awareness, knowledge and education on Disaster Management to the people of Mizoram.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Program Mitigasi Bencana Pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Pandu Sakti ◽  
Faizal Anwar ◽  
Rekho Adriadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Safe Schools ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Mitigation Policy ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Mitigation Policies

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is the implementation of policies of the Bengkulu Province disaster management agency in disaster mitigation. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research. The results of the study explained that the implementation of policies of the Bengkulu Province Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) for the implementation of disaster mitigation policies had been running quite well. The Regional Disaster Management Agency of Bengkulu Province in Disaster Mitigation has issued a policy on natural disaster reduction, namely the Disaster Resilient Village policy and the proportion of Disaster safe schools. Apart from implementing this policy, the Bengkulu Province Disaster Management Agency also carries out socialization activities for disaster preparedness. In implementing this policy, we also cooperate with other agencies to carry out activities or policies in making Bengkulu Province safe from disasters. The conclusions of this study indicate that the policies issued by the Bengkulu Province BPBD in Mitigation are regulated in Governor Regulation Number 34 of 2018 concerning increased preparedness. Among them are disaster-disaster village policies and disaster-safe Madrasah schools. Keywords: Disaster, Mitigation, Policy.   

scholarly journals Juridical review of disaster management policy in ASEAN and the correlation with the domestic management system of disaster in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Delfiyanti ◽  
Magdariza
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Management System ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Potential Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management System

Southeast Asia was in a natural disaster thus the management was supposed to be a priority to the existing states in this territory. It is the most vulnerable to disaster in the world. By then, the member states of ASEAN agree to issue the regulation for disaster management, ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) that in forwarding established ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre). It is facilitating cooperation and coordination for disaster management in the ASEAN territory. The organization was established in Indonesia as a member state with potential disaster. To reinforce the regulation and disaster management system, the government issues Act No.24 of 2007 on disaster management as the base and manual. The policy refers to the activities implemented immediately for an accident in control arising worst impact, involving rescue and evacuation of the victim, properties, compliance of demand, shelter, refugees handling, and facilities-infrastructure restoration. Moreover, the Act regulating disaster mitigation-based layout system set in an attempt to improve safety and living comfort.

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL VISUALIZATION OF TSUNAMI WAVES USING KML ON GOOGLE EARTH

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1291-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
M. A. Sharifi ◽  
M. D. Pirooz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Spatiotemporal Visualization ◽  
Virtual Globes ◽  
The Impact

Disaster risk is a function of hazard and vulnerability. Risk is defined as the expected losses, including lives, personal injuries, property damages, and economic disruptions, due to a particular hazard for a given area and time period. Risk assessment is one of the key elements of a natural disaster management strategy as it allows for better disaster mitigation and preparation. It provides input for informed decision making, and increases risk awareness among decision makers and other stakeholders. Virtual globes such as Google Earth can be used as a visualization tool. Proper spatiotemporal graphical representations of the concerned risk significantly reduces the amount of effort to visualize the impact of the risk and improves the efficiency of the decision-making process to mitigate the impact of the risk. The spatiotemporal visualization of tsunami waves for disaster management process is an attractive topic in geosciences to assist investigation of areas at tsunami risk. In this paper, a method for coupling virtual globes with tsunami wave arrival time models is presented. In this process we have shown 2D+Time of tsunami waves for propagation and inundation of tsunami waves, both coastal line deformation, and the flooded areas. In addition, the worst case scenario of tsunami on Chabahar port derived from tsunami modelling is also presented using KML on google earth.

scholarly journals Mitigasi Bencana Dalam Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Terhadap Ancaman Gempa Bumi Di Universitas Andalas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Nursyabani Nursyabani ◽  
Roni Ekha Putera ◽  
Kusdarini Kusdarini
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Academic Aspirations ◽  
Alternative Policy ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to describe and analyze how the implementation and process of earthquake disaster mitigation at Universitas Andalas. This research was motivated by the high risk of earthquake disasters at Universitas Andalas and the still low education and understanding of students and academic aspirations of disaster mitigation. So it is necessary to optimize mitigation activities in the Universitas Andalas campus area. This is in accordance with Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management and the Tridarma of Higher Education which has a strategic role in disaster management, especially in relation to learning, research and community service. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. To test the authenticity of the data obtained in the field, researchers used source triangulation techniques. The selection of informants was done by purposive sampling. As for the results of this study, in general, disaster mitigation activities in increasing awareness of the threat of an earthquake in Universitas Andalas have not run optimally. This is evidenced by the implementation of several activities that failed to achieve the target in the form of increased disaster alertness and increased understanding of students and academics on disaster mitigation, the absence of regulations containing the implementation of disaster mitigation activities at Universitas Andalas. Lack of involvement of external organizations in implementing disaster mitigation activities, as well as limited human resources and budget in implementing disaster mitigation activities. The results showed that the alternative policy was chosen based on the criteria for selecting the alternative policy: 1) Technical feasibility, it was found that the purpose of establishing KEK was as a forum for ecraf’s actors. 2) Economic and financial, KEK doesn’t receive any special funds and no goals have been achieved. 3) Political viability, this policy doesn’t contradicting with the applicable regulations. 4) Administrative Operability policy is realistic, but the support from the nine offices has not been maximal. 5) The criteria chosen are based on the success of the other regions and then it is adopted. It is the main criteria in the process of selecting and determining KEK as an alternative policy for the development of creative economy potentian in Banyumas Regency

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