scholarly journals Drug Packaging Management Based on the Effect of Medical Images on the Intracellular Polysaccharide Synthesis and Antivertigo Activity of Phalaenopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Ming Ye
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Drug Packaging ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Physical Dysfunction ◽  
Acute Phase Reactions

Many clinically important drugs come directly or indirectly from higher plants. People are increasingly aware of the role of the human immune system in maintaining good health. Diseases related to physical dysfunction, such as vertigo, have attracted increasing attention from medical researchers and clinicians. In this paper, some compounds isolated and identified from medicinal fomes showed promising antivertigo properties. Medical images were used to classify and synthesize polysaccharides in the management of drug subpackages of Cladosporium intracellular polysaccharides. The scientific explanation of how these compounds work in animal and human systems is increasing exponentially. Studies have found that all of these compounds can enhance the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host and activate various immune cells that are important for maintaining homeostasis, such as host cells and chemical messengers, triggering complement and acute phase reactions. The antivertigo compounds derived from the intracellular polysaccharides of Phellinus mucronatus had an activity interference of 35% without drug subpackage. Although the antivertigo activity of many intracellular polysaccharides from Fovea xylostella can reach 86%, only a few of them have been proved to have antivertigo activity. In addition, they can be considered as multicytokine inducers that can induce the expression of various immune-regulatory cytokines and cytokine receptor genes. Lymphocytes that control antibody production and cell-mediated cytotoxicity are also stimulated.

New Perspectives for SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Detection

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Khattabi ◽  
Mustapha Mounir Bouhenna ◽  
Feriel Sellam
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Human Immune

: The present paper elucidates the conceivable application of two key molecules in SARS-CoV-2 detection of suspected infected persons. These molecules were selected from the basis of ACE-2 and S protein strong interaction that allows virus attachment to its host cells, on the other hand specific immunocompetant effectors generated by human immune system during the infection. Several testing procedures are already used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly RT-PCR technique. ELISA and LFIA are possible assays for the employment of shACE-2/ hAc-anti-S (the molecules of interest) as the main agents of the test and confer a dual principal functions (capture and detection). The future diagnostic kits involving shACE-2 and hAc-anti-S will have the particularity of high sensitivity and rapid detection in addition to its advantage of relatively easy conception. It could be largely considered as a technical advanced kits in regards to the current SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic immunoassays.

scholarly journals Biotinylated Surfome Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei-Jie Jia ◽  
Thomas Krüger ◽  
Matthew G. Blango ◽  
Ferdinand von Eggeling ◽  
Olaf Kniemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common airborne molds capable of causing mycoses and allergies in humans. During infection, fungal surface proteins mediate the first contact with the human immune system to evade immune responses or to induce hypersensitivity. Several methods have been established for surface proteomics (surfomics). Biotinylation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of peptides is a particularly efficient method to identify the surface-exposed regions of proteins that potentially mediate interaction with the host. After biotinylation of surface proteins during spore germination, we detected 231 different biotinylated surface proteins (including several well-known proteins such as RodA, CcpA, and DppV; allergens; and heat shock proteins [HSPs]), as well as some previously undescribed surface proteins. The dynamic change of the surface proteome was illustrated by detection of a relatively high number of proteins exclusively at one developmental stage. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the surface localization of several HSPs of the HSP70 family, which may have moonlighting functions. Collectively, by comparing our data with data representative of previously published A. fumigatus surface proteomes, our study generated a comprehensive data set corresponding to the A. fumigatus surfome and uncovered the surface-exposed regions of many proteins on the surface of conidia or hyphae. These surface-exposed regions are candidates for direct interaction with host cells and may represent antigenic epitopes that either induce protective immune responses or mediate immune evasion. Thus, our data sets provided and compiled here represent reasonable immunotherapy and diagnostic targets for future investigations. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne human-pathogenic mold, capable of causing both life-threatening invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients and allergy-inducing infections in individuals with atopic allergy. Despite its obvious medical relevance, timely diagnosis and efficient antifungal treatment of A. fumigatus infection remain major challenges. Proteins on the surface of conidia (asexually produced spores) and mycelium directly mediate host-pathogen interaction and also may serve as targets for diagnosis and immunotherapy. However, the similarity of protein sequences between A. fumigatus and other organisms, sometimes even including the human host, makes selection of targets for immunological-based studies difficult. Here, using surface protein biotinylation coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified hundreds of A. fumigatus surface proteins with exposed regions, further defining putative targets for possible diagnostic and immunotherapeutic design.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of Autoimmune Diseases

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Harmful Effects

The human organism is a very complex system. To be in good health, its components must function properly. One of the most important systems of an organism is the immune system. It protects the body from the harmful effects of various external and internal agents. Sometimes, however, the immune system starts attacking its own healthy cells, tissues and organs. Then autoimmune diseases arise. They are widespread in recent decades. There is evidence that often autoimmune responses occur due to viral infections. In this paper, a new mathematical model of a general autoimmune disease is proposed. It describes the interactions between viral particles and host cells. The model is formulated by using integro-differential equations of Boltzmann type. This approach is typical for the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. A preliminary qualitative and quantitative analysis of the model is presented.

scholarly journals Rare phytomyxid infection on the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the southeast Aegean Sea

2017 ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN VOHNÍK ◽  
ONDŘEJ BOROVEC ◽  
ELIF ÖZGÜR ÖZBEK ◽  
EMINE ŞÜKRAN OKUDAN ASLAN
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cymodocea Nodosa ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Marine Diversity

Phytomyxids (Phytomyxea) are obligate endosymbionts of many organisms such as algae, diatoms, oomycetes and higher plants including seagrasses. Despite their supposed significant roles in the marine ecosystem, our knowledge of their marine diversity and distribution as well as their life cycles is very limited. Here we describe anatomy and morphology of several developmental stages of a phytomyxid symbiosis recently discovered on the petioles of the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch. at a locality in the southeast Aegean Sea. Its earliest whitish stages appeared already on the youngest leaves at the apex of the newly formed rhizomes. The infected host cells grew in volume being filled with plasmodia which resulted in the formation of characteristic macroscopic galls. The plasmodia eventually cleaved into spores and in the final stage recorded by us, the dark brown to black galls contained mature resting spores often occurring in duplexes and possessing thick verrucous outer walls. Based on its anatomo-morphological features the phytomyxid was assigned as Plasmodiophora cf. halophilae. Little is so far known about the origins and eco-physiological functioning of this rare symbiosis. However, seemingly similar infection patterns were reported in 1913 on Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. from Java and in 1995 on H. stipulacea from Sicily. Since H. stipulacea is of the Indo-Pacific origin and no phytomyxid infection was observed on the co-occurring autochthonous seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, we hypothesize that its phytomyxid might have co-migrated into the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, potentially reaching as far as the southern Ionian Sea.

Introduction: disease resistance in plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 181 (1064) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Host Parasite

This paper discusses in general terms the mechanisms proposed to explain the resistance of higher plants to infection and colonization by bacteria and fungi, especially the type of resistance associated with rapid killing of host cells and very limited growth of the pathogen; that is, with the hypersensitive reaction of the plant to infection (h.r.). The main points considered are: the significance of the h.r. for obligate and other types of parasites; the nature of the h.r. and the means by which it is invoked; the absence of the h.r in compatible host-parasite combinations; the h.r. and the production of phytoalexins, and the role of the latter in resistance; the part played by cell-wall degrading enzymes in the earliest stages of infection; the relation between the h.r. in interactions between races of a pathogen and different forms of a host species, on the one hand, and the resistance of all plants to almost all pathogens, on the other. Also discussed is the less specific but important type of resistance in which the pathogen continues to grow in resistant plants more slowly than in susceptible plants.

scholarly journals Clearance of HIV infection by selective elimination of host cells capable of producing HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tonya Bauch ◽  
Edward A. Graviss ◽  
Roberto C. Arduino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Selective Elimination ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThe RNA genome of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is reverse-transcribed into DNA and integrated into the host genome, resulting in latent infections that are difficult to clear. Here we show an approach to eradicate HIV infections by selective elimination of host cells harboring replication-competent HIV (SECH), which includes viral reactivation, induction of cell death, inhibition of autophagy and the blocking of new infections. Viral reactivation triggers cell death specifically in HIV-1-infected T cells, which is promoted by agents that induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy. SECH treatments can clear HIV-1 in >50% mice reconstituted with a human immune system, as demonstrated by the lack of viral rebound after withdrawal of treatments, and by adoptive transfer of treated lymphocytes into uninfected humanized mice. Moreover, SECH clears HIV-1 in blood samples from HIV-1-infected patients. Our results suggest a strategy to eradicate HIV infections by selectively eliminating host cells capable of producing HIV.

scholarly journals HERBS AS TRADITIONAL MEDICINES: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Jyoti Parkash ◽  
DN Prasad ◽  
Mohammad Shahnaz ◽  
Dhruv Dev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Disease Free

Ayurveda is believed to have originated over 6000 years ago It was designed to promote good health and long life rather than to fight disease and was practiced by physicians and surgeons (called Bheshaja or vaidya) but recently herbal medicine have attracted much attention as alternative medicines useful for treating or preventing life-style related disorders. Herbs are the nature’s gift to human being to make disease free well life. The diverse tradition of India is a prosperous source of traditional medicines, many of which are of plant origin. Herbal medicines refers to the use of any plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or flowers for medicinal purpose. There are different sources of drug. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of drug namely synthetic and natural. Many drugs used in medicine today are developed by chemical synthesis. A recognized number of drugs are obtained from natural sources. The most important natural sources of drugs are (1) higher plants, (2) microbes, (3) animals and (4) marine organisms. Keywords: Ayurveda, Traditional medicines, higher plants, microbes, marine organisms

scholarly journals The Fightback

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Viral Mutation ◽  
Human Immune

This chapter discusses some of the barriers viruses must overcome in order to complete their life cycle. To survive, viruses must penetrate host cells before they can begin the process of reproducing their genetic material, and here again viruses appear remarkably resourceful. By carrying a molecular key on their surface, they can disguise themselves as normal body constituents, and latch on to and enter any cell which bears the complementary lock. As such, viruses infect only those cells which display the particular molecular lock that their key fits into, and this restriction dictates the type of cell a virus infects and therefore the symptoms it will cause. Since there are several hundred molecules to choose from, viruses cause a great variety of diseases. However, viruses are not fighting a one-sided battle. Even the simplest organisms have ways of dealing with viruses, but the sophistication and subtlety of the human immune system is unrivalled. The chapter then considers the vital role B and T cells play in the body’s defences. It also traces how viruses and their hosts have co-evolved. Finally, the chapter outlines the threats viruses may pose, including viral mutation and the use of viruses in biological warfare.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

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