scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicity of Theobroma cacao: Increase in Survival Index, Nongenotoxic, and Proimplantation Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
I. J. Asiedu-Gyekye ◽  
T. G. Borovskaya ◽  
M. E. Poluektova ◽  
А. V. Vychuzhanina ◽  
Y. А. Shchemerovа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dna Comet Assay ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Survival Index

Unsweetened natural cocoa (UNCP) was evaluated for reproductive toxicity in rats. A preliminary genotoxic potential was evaluated by the DNA comet assay test using C57Bl/6 mice. Both therapeutic dose (TD; 900 mg/kg) and high dose (HD; 9000 mg/kg) of UNCP were used. White Wistar rats were used in two experimental groups. The females received UNCP 15 days before crossing with untreated males. The males received UNCP for 48 days before mating with untreated females. Subacute toxicity was observed during a 14-day oral administration of UNCP. Results show that a high tail DNA% was observed with methyl mesylate administration in all tissues analysed. The lowest tail DNA% value was observed in the liver (1.64 ± 0.26) and kidney (1.63 ± 0.30) during UNCP (TD) administration. UNCP did not induce observable physical congenital malformations on the pubs of treated female and male rats, lacks genotoxic potential, and did not adversely affect pregnancy index, pub weights, and survival index, but UNCP exhibited proimplantation potential ( p > 0.05 ).

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

New approach for reproductive toxicity assessment: chromatoid bodies as a target for methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in prepubertal male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
M. S. Garcia ◽  
W. A. Orcini ◽  
R. L. Peruquetti ◽  
J. E. Perobelli
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects

This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and Aroclor (Sigma-Aldrich), alone or in combination, following exposure of prepubertal male rats considering the chromatoid body (CB) as a potential target. The CB is an important molecular regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis, primarily during spermatid cytodifferentiation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MeHg and/or Aroclor , according the following experimental design: control group, which was administered in corn oil (vehicle) only; MeHg-treated group, which was administered 0.5mg kg−1 day−1 MeHg; Aroclor-treated group, which was administered 1mg kg−1 day−1 Aroclor; Mix-LD, group which was administered a low-dose mixture of MeHg (0.05mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (0.1mg kg−1 day−1); and Mix-HD group, which was administered a high-dose mixture of MeHg (0.5mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (1.0mg kg−1 day−1). MeHg was diluted in distilled water and Aroclor was made up in corn oil (volume 1mL kg−1). Rats were administered the different treatments from PND23 to PND53 by gavage, . The morphophysiology of CBs was analysed, together with aspects of steroid hormones status and regulation, just after the last treatment on PND53. In addition, the long-term effects on sperm parameters were assessed in adult animals. MeHg exposure increased mouse VASA homologue (MVH) protein levels in seminiferous tubules, possibly affecting the epigenetic status of germ cells. Aroclor produced morphological changes to CB assembly, which may explain the observed morphological defects to the sperm flagellum and the consequent decrease in sperm motility. There were no clear additive or synergistic effects between MeHg and Aroclor when administered in combination. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MeHg and Aroclor have independent deleterious effects on the developing testis, causing molecular and morphological changes in CBs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CBs are targets for toxic agents.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicological Assessment of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® on Lipid Profile and Serum Antioxidant Enzymes in Exposed Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Godswill J. Udom ◽  
Jude E. Okokon ◽  
John A. Udobang ◽  
Daniel N. Obot ◽  
Nkechi J. Onyeukwu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Density

Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal mixture promoted as an effective herbal remedy for numerous diseases. Study aimed to evaluate the toxicity concern of the polyherbal mixture (PHM) on lipid profile and oxidative status in Wistar rats of both gender. Acute toxicity study was conducted using modified method of Lorke. Thirty Wistar rats of bother gender were randomly divided into six groups (5/group) and exposed to the polyherbal mixture for 60 days via oral gavage. Control groups (1 and 4) received 10 mL/kg distilled water, while groups 2-3 and 5-6 received 476.24 and 158.75 mg/kg body weight of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® respectively. On 62nd day, animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia; blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. PHM significantly (p < 0.05) increased high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels in male rats as well as high dose female rats relative to control. However, low dose female rats recorded low HDL levels relative to control. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density and very low density lipoprotein levels were significantly reduced in all test groups relative to controls. The low dose males (LDM) had reduced serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity; while increased and decreased GPX and glutathione (GSH) activities were respectively recorded for female rats. Male rats had dose-dependent increase in malondialdehyde. The recorded reductions in serum lipids suggest that the polyherbal mixture may have hypolipidemic potentials. While the increased malondialdehyde as well as decreased GPX and GSH indicate lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress inducing potentials of the PHM. Despite the positive modulation on lipid profile, findings suggest utmost caution on chronic use as its oxidative stress inducing potentials is considerable.

scholarly journals 14-Day Repeated Intraperitoneal Toxicity Test of Ivermectin Microemulsion Injection in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Shou-ye Xing ◽  
Ji-yu Zhang ◽  
Xu-zheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Initial Stage

To evaluate the safety of ivermectin microemulsion injection, 100 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally at 0.38 g/kg, 0.19 g/kg, and 0.1 g/kg for 14 days. The 14-day repeated toxicity test of ivermectin microemulsion injection was systematically evaluated by clinical observation, organ coefficient, hematological examination, clinical chemistry examination, and histopathological examination. The results showed that no rats died during the test. At the initial stage of treatment, the rats in the high dose group had mild clinical reaction, which disappeared after 4 days. Clinical chemistry showed that the high dose of ivermectin microemulsion could cause significant changes in ALT and LDH parameters in male rats; high and medium doses could increase the liver coefficients of male and female rats. The toxic target organ may be the liver as indicated by histopathological findings. No significant toxic injury was found in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, ovary, and testes of all groups of rats. No drug-related toxic effects were found at low doses, and thus the NOVEL of ivermectin microemulsion injection was 0.19 g/kg.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation in Male Rats with Crude Oil-Induced Reproductive Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Izuchukwu S. OCHIOGU ◽  
Udensi M. IGWEBUIKE ◽  
Edmund C. MBEGBU ◽  
Ikenna O. EZEH ◽  
Paschal F. NNAMANI
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Crude oil intoxication is a major threat among people and animals living around the crude oil producing regions of the world, hence the search for ameliorating agents. Forty-four male Wistar rats assigned into three groups were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on crude oil-induced reprotoxicity (reproductive toxicity) in male rats. Group A represented the unexposed control, whereas groups B and C were exposed orally to 0.15 and 0.3 ml of crude oil respectively every other day for 56 days. Both the low dose and high dose oral administration of crude oil caused a significant reduction in the serum testosterone level (STL) and cauda epididymal sperm reserve (CESR) of the exposed rats when compared to the control. Crude oil withdrawal and vitamin E supplementation significantly improved the cauda epididymal sperm reserve (CESR) in all the subgroups. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities of the control and low dose group were significantly lower than those of the high dose group. The high dose crude oil administration significantly decreased the mean serum total protein (STP) and sodium ions (Na+) concentration. The mean serum total cholesterol (STC) value of the low dose group was significantly higher than those of the control and high dose group. However, crude oil withdrawal and vitamin E supplementation did not significantly alter the mean serum total protein (STP) and mean serum total cholesterol (STC) values in all the subgroups. Vitamin E supplementation following low dose crude oil withdrawal enhanced the mean serum Chloride ions (Cl-)concentration. The present findings revealed that Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil induced serious reprotoxic effects in male rats which vitamin E administration within 28 days did not completely reverse. 

scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity Assessment of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® in Exposed Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Godswill J. Udom ◽  
Jude E. Okokon ◽  
John A. Udobang ◽  
Daniel N. Obot ◽  
Ikanna E. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity concern of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® on kidney function parameters and histoarchitecture of the kidneys of exposed Wistar rats. Study Design: A 60-day subchronic toxicological assessment using animal model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria, between March 2019 and July 2019. Methodology: Acute toxicity study was conducted using the modified Lorke’s method. Thirty Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5/group) and orally-treated daily thus: Groups 1 and 4-Controls (distilled water, 10 mL/kg), Groups 2-3; 5-6 received the Polyherbal mixture (476.24; 158.75) mg/kg, respectively. On 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anaesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Eviscerated kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Results: Polyherbal mixture presented acute toxicity with an estimated LD50 of 1587.45 mg/kg (mouse, i.p). Results presented significant (P=.05) decreased blood urea nitrogen at all doses tested; elevated Na+ for high dose male (124.58±1.82) and female (122.77±0.00) rats compared to their respective controls (110.49±3.17/97.33±1.78) as well as increased creatinine levels for low dose male rats (145.83±7.45) compared to control (36.46±1.24). Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as hyperplasic glomerular cells, occluding Bowman’s space, hyperaemia within the cortical tissue, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, hyperplasia of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells. Conclusion: Despite the popular claim that herbal remedies are completely natural, safe and devoid of toxicities whatsoever, the present day study suggest otherwise. Therefore, utmost caution and/or avoidance of the polyherbal mixture whenever possible, is strongly advised especially as its nephrotoxic potentials are not negligible.

scholarly journals Polystyrene microplastics induce blood-testis barrier disruption regulated by MAPK-Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengda Li ◽  
Qimeng Wang ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Yiqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Blood Testis Barrier

Abstract As a persistent organic pollutant, microplastics (MPs) have been reported to induce sperm quantity decrease in male rats. However, the related mechanism remains obscure. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on male reproduction and its related mechanism of blood-testis barrier (BTB) impairment. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups fed with PS-MPs for 90 days at the dose of 0 mg/d (control group), 0.015 mg/d, 0.15 mg/d and 1.5 mg/d respectively. The present results have showed that PS-MPs exposure led to the damage of seminiferous tubule, resulted in apoptosis of spermatogenic cell and decreased the motility and concentration of sperm, while the abnormality of sperm was elevated. Meanwhile, PS-MPs could induce oxidative stress and activate p38 MAPK pathway and thus deplete the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Noteworthily, the adverse effect of PS-MPs on BTB is only significant in 0.15 mg/d and 1.5 mg/d groups ,which demonstrated that high-dose PS-MPs exposure may lead to the destruction of BTB integrity and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells through the activation of MAPK-Nrf2 pathway. The current study provided novelty evidence for elucidating the effects of PS-MPs on male reproductive toxicity and its potential mechanism.

scholarly journals Subacute Toxicity Profile of Lacidipine Nanoformulation in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Shirodkar ◽  
Chandrasekhar Misra ◽  
Chethan GH ◽  
Pallavi Shetty ◽  
Zenab Attari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The present study was aimed at investigating the safety of Lacidipine (LCDP) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in Wistar rats. NLCs were formulated using ultrasound dispersion technique. Animals were orally treated once daily with NLCs containing 0.140 mg, 0.350 mg, and 0.875 mg of LCDP as low, medium, and high dose per kg body weight, respectively, during 28 days along with blank formulation and pure LCDP. Control rats were fed with water. Animals were observed throughout experiment period and their body weight was recorded once weekly. Overnight fasted rats were sacrificed on the 29th day. Study revealed no signs or symptoms of toxicity or morbidity. No significant changes in the body weight were observed between treated and control group. Significant increase in left testis weight and liver weight was observed in male and female rats, respectively. Haematological estimation revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin count in male rats while female rats showed significant increase in granulocyte count. All the serum clinical parameters were within the normal range and no gross histopathological changes were observed. No delayed effect was noted in satellite group. The results indicate that developed LCDP loaded NLCs are safe when administered orally in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) on fertility in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
IO Osonuga ◽  
AS Faponle ◽  
EN Ezima ◽  
TK Adenowo ◽  
AA Adelegan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Recovery Groups

Background: Allium sativum (Garlic) is widely used as a food flavour and it has antimicrobial medicinal purposes. It has other beneficial effects such as improving the cardiovascular and immune systems. The likely effect of garlic on the testicular functions remains controversial. Objective: To investigate the effects of fresh garlic on the fertility of male Wistar rats by quantitative determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as the sperm properties. Methods: The aqueous extracts of garlic were administered to the animals through the oral route. Thirty-five male rats were categorized into seven groups, with five rats each distributed as follows: high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose that were administered 750, 500, and 250 mg/kg body weight dosages of the aqueous extracts, respectively. Others were the control group, which received no extract, and the recovery groups received the same doses of the extract. The recovery groups were left for additional twenty-one days without receiving the extract. Results: The results showed an increase in testosterone levels at medium to high-doses of the extract including sustained high levels in recovery groups. Also, there were increases in sperm motility and sperm viability. Conclusions: These findings suggest garlic may play beneficial roles in the reproductive functions of male Wistar rats. The mechanisms for these effects may involve the interplay of many currently unknown factors.

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