scholarly journals Biological Activities and Chemistry of Triterpene Saponins from Medicago Species: An Update Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guanzhen Wang ◽  
Junlong Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Medicago Species

Plants are known to be a great source of phytochemicals for centuries. Medicago, belonging to the Family Fabaceae, is a large and well spread genus comprising about 83 cosmopolitan species, of which one-third are annuals and span diverse ecological niches. Medicago species are rich in saponins mainly classified into three classes, namely, steroid alkaloid glycosides, triterpene glycosides, and steroid glycosides. These saponins are important compounds having diverse pharmacological and biological activities. As a whole, 95 of saponins are reported to date occurring in Medicago species using various latest extraction/isolation techniques. Considering the multiple biological and pharmacological potential of Medicago species due to saponins along with structural diversity, we compiled this review article to sum up the recent reports for the pharmacological potential of the Medicago’s derived saponins in modern as well as traditional medication systems. The current manuscript produces data of chemical structures and molecular masses of all Medicago species saponins simultaneously. The toxicity of certain pure saponins (aglycones) has been reported in vitro; hederagenin appeared highly toxic in comparison to medicagenic acid and bayogenin against X. index, while soyasaponin I, containing soyasapogenol B as a glycone, appeared as the least toxic saponin. The diversity in the structural forms shows a close relationship for its biological and pharmacological actions. Moreover, saponins showed antioxidant properties and the mechanism behind antimicrobial potential also elaborated in this review article is mainly because of the side sugar groups on these compounds. The collected data presented herein include chemical structures and molecular masses of all saponins so far. Their biological activity and therapeutic potential are also discussed. This information can be the starting point for future research on this important genus.

scholarly journals GC-MS Assisted Phytoactive Chemical Compounds Identification and Profiling with Mineral Constituents from Biologically Active Extracts of Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult.

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Kandhan KARTHISHWARAN ◽  
Subban KAMALRAJ ◽  
Chelliah JAYABASKARAN ◽  
Shyam S. KURUP ◽  
Sabitha SAKKIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Mineral Constituents

Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult. (Family: Amaranthaceae) family is one of the traditional medicinal plant growing in the United Arab Emirates. Apart from studies related to some medicinal properties, phytochemical, GC MS compound characterization and biological activities still to be investigated. An experiment was conducted to determine the possible bioactive components with their chemical structures and elucidation of phytochemicals from the aerial parts of the plant. The macro and micro-mineral constituents and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Aerial parts of A. javanica were extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol by cold percolation method. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract were evaluated by using in vitro antioxidant assays such as hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Primary phytochemical and micro-macro element was tested using standard protocol. The chemical characterization was done with the help of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and the mass spectra of the total compounds in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) library. Mineral constituents were identified and estimated by ICP-OES. Ninety-nine metabolites were obtained by GC-MS anslysis; indole was found to be major components followed by 2-Chlorallyl diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC), Carbaril, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Quinoline, 4H-Cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene,2-[Bis(2-chloroethylamino)]-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2-oxide, Phenobarbital, 1H-Indole, 2-methyl-, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Disulfide, diphenyl. The presence of various bioactive compounds in the extract validates the traditional medicinal uses of this plant.

scholarly journals Studies on Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2708-2715
Author(s):  
İbrahim Ertan Erkan ◽  
Özlem Aras Aşcı
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Shed Light

Rosemary has played an important role from past to present and has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. With these features, it is used in many sectors, especially food and pharmacy. Rosemary essential oils have a positive effect on biological activity. In addition, this oil prevents lipid oxidation on foods, providing a long and fresh shelf life. Due to the high antioxidant properties of rosemary, it eliminates the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species. Since the main components of rosemary such as 1,8-cineol, camphor, α-pinene, carnosic acid, and carnosol are being antimicrobial and antifungal, it is effective against many pathogens. With this review, it is aimed to provide comprehensive information on the biological activities of rosemary and its extracts to shed light on future research.

scholarly journals Biological activities of basil essential oil: a review of the current evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e363101220409
Author(s):  
Mayara Zagoto ◽  
Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia ◽  
Edvalkia Magna Teobaldo da Rocha ◽  
Kathia Socorro Mathias Mourão ◽  
Vanderly Janeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, natural products are being used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment and prevention of several diseases due to their low toxicity and relevant pharmacological potential. Thus, we can highlight basil (Ocimum basilicum L), one of the most used aromatic plants worldwide. Therefore, we provide some current evidence and insight into the potential therapeutic effect of basil essential oil to expand the available knowledge. A narrative review was carried out by searching electronic databases, providing a comprehensive analysis of the literature, where it was possible to identify existing problems and gaps to facilitate future research on basil essential oil. The available literature on basil essential oil presents us with several important pharmacological activities, such as: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic and diuretic properties, among others. However, further research must be carried out to increase knowledge about this plant with enormous potential and determine its effectiveness and use in clinical conditions.

scholarly journals 7-Isopentenyloxycoumarin: What Is New across the Last Decade

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5923
Author(s):  
Francesca Preziuso ◽  
Salvatore Genovese ◽  
Lorenzo Marchetti ◽  
Majid Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Lucia Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Cancer

7-Isopentenyloxycoumarin is among the most widespread naturally occurring prenyloxy umbelliferone derivatives. This secondary metabolite of mixed biosynthetic origin has been typically isolated from plants belonging to several genera of the Rutaceae and Apiaceae families, comprising widely used medicinal plants and in general plants with beneficial effects on human welfare, as well as edible fruits and vegetables. Although known for quite a long time (more than 50 years), only in the last two decades has this natural compound been revealed to exert powerful and promising pharmacological properties, such as active cancer chemopreventive, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties, among the activities best outlined in the recent literature. The aim of this comprehensive miniature review article is to detail the novel natural sources and the effects described during the last decade for 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin and what has been reported on the mechanisms of action underlying the observed biological activities of this oxyprenylated secondary metabolite. In view of the herein described data, suggestions on how to address future research on the abovementioned natural product and structurally related derivatives in the best ways according to the authors will be also provided.

scholarly journals Secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts of Acacia rigidula benth. and Acacia berlandieri benth.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cavazos ◽  
David Gonzalez ◽  
Jocelyn Lanorio ◽  
Ruby Ynalvez
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acacia Berlandieri ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Acacia Rigidula ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

AbstractThe use of plants as sources for novel antimicrobial as well as antioxidant agents offers advantages. Plants are readily accessible and inexpensive, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high level of biological activities. Previous studies have reported antibacterial and antifungal activities within the Fabaceae family that included Acacia species. This study aims to determine presence of antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and the secondary metabolites of sequential solvent extracts (acetone, methanol, and acetic acid) of Acacia berlandieri and Acacia rigidula leaves. The antibacterial activity was investigated using a disc diffusion assay. The ferric thiocyanate method was used to assess the ability of all extracts to prevent oxidation. Qualitative phytochemical tests, NMR, IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy were done to identify potential secondary metabolites. P. alcalifaciens (p < 0.001), E. faecalis (p < 0.01), S. aureus (p < 0.001), and Y. enterocolitica (p < 0.001) were significantly inhibited by A. rigidula extracts when compared to A. berlandieri extracts. A. rigidula’s acetone extract exhibited the significantly (p < 0.001) highest inhibition of peroxidation, 42%. Qualitative phytochemical tests showed positive results for presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and tannins. NMR, IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed chemical structures found in flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and tannins, supporting the results of qualitative phytochemical tests. A. berlandieri and A. rigidula leaf extracts have revealed presence of medicinally valued bioactive components. The results of this study provide a basis for further investigations of the A. rigidula leaf extracts. A. rigidula leaf extracts have the potential to serve as a source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidants from Plant Extracts in Skincare Cosmetics: Recent Applications, Challenges and Perspectives

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Hien Thi Hoang ◽  
Ju-Young Moon ◽  
Young-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cosmetic Formulation

In recent years, interest in the health effects of natural antioxidants has increased due to their safety and applicability in cosmetic formulation. Nevertheless, efficacy of natural antioxidants in vivo is less documented than their prooxidant properties in vivo. Plant extracts rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds can induce oxidative damage by reacting with various biomolecules while also providing antioxidant properties. Because the biological activities of natural antioxidants differ, their effectiveness for slowing the aging process remains unclear. This review article focuses on the use of natural antioxidants in skincare and the possible mechanisms underlying their desired effect, along with recent applications in skincare formulation and their limitations.

scholarly journals Structures and Biological Activities of Diketopiperazines from Marine Organisms: A Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Song ◽  
Yage Hou ◽  
Qingrong Yang ◽  
Xinpeng Li ◽  
Shaohua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Long Time

Diketopiperazines are potential structures with extensive biological functions, which have attracted much attention of natural product researchers for a long time. These compounds possess a stable six-membered ring, which is an important pharmacophore. The marine organisms have especially been proven to be a wide source for discovering diketopiperazine derivatives. In recent years, more and more interesting bioactive diketopiperazines had been found from various marine habitats. This review article is focused on the new 2,5-diketopiperazines derived from marine organisms (sponges and microorganisms) reported from the secondary half-year of 2014 to the first half of the year of 2021. We will comment their chemical structures, biological activities and sources. The objective is to assess the merit of these compounds for further study in the field of drug discovery.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of pseudo-oligosaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah R. Alanzi ◽  
Ananiya A. Demessie ◽  
Taifo Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Chemical Structures

Pseudo-oligosaccharides are microbial-derived secondary metabolites whose chemical structures contain pseudosugars (glycomimetics). Owing to their high resemblance to the molecules of life (carbohydrates), most pseudo-oligosaccharides show significant biological activities. Some of them have been used as drugs to treat human and plant diseases. Because of their significant economic value, efforts have been put into understanding their biosynthesis, optimizing their fermentation conditions, and engineering their metabolic pathways to obtain better production yields. Many unusual enzymes participating in diverse biosynthetic pathways to pseudo-oligosaccharides have been reported. Various methods and conditions to improve the production yields of the target compounds and eliminate byproducts have also been developed. This review article describes recent studies on the biosynthesis, fermentation optimization, and metabolic engineering of high-value pseudo-oligosaccharides.

An Analysis of QSAR Research Based on Machine Learning Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Keyvanpour ◽  
Mehrnoush Barani Shirzad
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qsar Modeling ◽  
Chemical Structures

: Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) is a popular approach developed to correlate chemical molecules with their biological activities based on their chemical structures. Machine learning techniques have proved to be promising solutions to QSAR modeling. Due to the significant role of machine learning strategies in QSAR modeling, this area of research has attracted much attention from researchers. A considerable amount of literature has been published on machine learning based QSAR modeling methodologies whilst this domain still suffers from lack of a recent and comprehensive analysis of these algorithms. This study systematically reviews the application of machine learning algorithms in QSAR, aiming to provide an analytical framework. For this purpose, we present a framework called ‘ML-QSAR‘. This framework has been designed for future research to: a)facilitate the selection of proper strategies among existing algorithms according to the application area requirements, b) help to develop and ameliorate current methods and c) providing a platform to study existing methodologies comparatively. In ML-QSAR, first a structured categorization is depicted which studied the QSAR modeling research based on machine models. Then several criteria are introduced in order to assess the models. Finally, inspired by aforementioned criteria the qualitative analysis is carried out.

A common mechanism links activities of butyrate in the colon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit S. Verma ◽  
Michael J. Fink ◽  
Gabriel L Salmon ◽  
Nadine Fornelos ◽  
Takahiro E. Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Compounds

Two biological activities of butyrate in the colon (suppression of proliferation of colonic epithelial stem cells and inflammation) correlate with inhibition of histone deacetylases. Cellular and biochemical studies of molecules similar in structure to butyrate, but different in molecular details (functional groups, chain-length, deuteration, oxidation level, fluorination, or degree of unsaturation) demonstrated that these activities were sensitive to molecular structure, and were compatible with the hypothesis that butyrate acts by binding to the Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the catalytic site of histone deacetylases. Structure-activity relationships drawn from a set of 36 compounds offer a starting point for the design of new compounds targeting the inhibition of histone deacetylases. The observation that butyrate was more potent than other short-chain fatty acids is compatible with the hypothesis that crypts evolved (at least in part), to separate stem cells at the base of crypts from butyrate produced by commensal bacteria.

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