scholarly journals Tobacco Use in Sudan: Prevalence, Patterns, and Determinants – A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hala Elnazeer Elgoni ◽  
Mutaz Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Males And Females

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this review was to investigate the published papers about prevalence, patterns, and determinants of tobacco use in Sudan. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Four scientific databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1900 and 2020. Applying the inclusion criteria, which were original articles published in peer-reviewed journals, conducted on Sudanese in Sudan and about tobacco prevalence, patterns of use, or determinants, in either English or Arabic languages, 20 articles were included in this review. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two articles (10%) were among the general population, 8 (40%) among schoolchildren and adolescents, 4 (20%) among medical and health professions university students, 3 (15%) studies among non-health professions university students, and 3 studies among special groups (prisoners, diabetic patients and school workers). The reported prevalence ranged from 1% to 47.5%, with significant differences between males and females. All patterns of tobacco use are practiced in Sudan. Peer pressures, having more money, and family tobacco user or friends were associated with tobacco use initiation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> All patterns of tobacco utilization (cigarette smoking, Toombak dipping, and shisha) are practiced in Sudan as well as combined patterns. Tobacco prevalence ranges from 1–25% and 10–47.5% among adolescents and adults, respectively, indicating the need for intervention programs to enhance decreasing this high prevalence.

scholarly journals Materialism, Depression, and Compulsive Buying among University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimra Iqbal ◽  
Naeem Aslam
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examined the relationship of materialism, depression and compulsive buying among university students. Moreover, it aimed to see the role of demographic variables in the relationship between these variables. Material Value Scale (Richins & Dawson, 1992), Compulsive Buying Scale (O’Guinn & Faber, 1989) and the subscale of depression of DASS (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) were used to measure materialism, compulsive buying and depression respectively. The sample comprised of 430 university students within the age range of 18 to 24 years (M = 21.55, S.D = 1.95) from five universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A significant positive relationship between depression and materialism was found. A significant difference between males and females on materialism and depression was found with males scoring significantly higher on both as compared to females. However, no significant difference was found between males and females compulsive buying. There was a significant difference among adolescents and adults on materialism with adults scoring higher as compared to adolescents, while no significant differences were found on depression and compulsive buying.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

scholarly journals Low COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Is Correlated with Conspiracy Beliefs among University Students in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Malik Sallam ◽  
Deema Dababseh ◽  
Huda Eid ◽  
Hanan Hasan ◽  
Duaa Taim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
A Chain

Vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a promising measure to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic. Since university students could be considered a knowledgeable group, this study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among this group in Jordan. Additionally, we aimed to examine the association between vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. We used an online survey conducted in January 2021 with a chain-referral sampling approach. Conspiracy beliefs were evaluated using the validated Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS), with higher scores implying embrace of conspiracies. A total of 1106 respondents completed the survey with female predominance (n = 802, 72.5%). The intention to get COVID-19 vaccines was low: 34.9% (yes) compared to 39.6% (no) and 25.5% (maybe). Higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were seen among males (42.1%) and students at Health Schools (43.5%). A Low rate of influenza vaccine acceptance was seen as well (28.8%), in addition to 18.6% of respondents being anti-vaccination altogether. A significantly higher VCBS score was correlated with reluctance to get the vaccine (p < 0.001). Dependence on social media platforms was significantly associated with lower intention to get COVID-19 vaccines (19.8%) compared to dependence on medical doctors, scientists, and scientific journals (47.2%, p < 0.001). The results of this study showed the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs among university students in Jordan. The implementation of targeted actions to increase the awareness of such a group is highly recommended. This includes educational programs to dismantle vaccine conspiracy beliefs and awareness campaigns to build recognition of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Detailed Experience of Nightmare and Nightmare Disorder in Chinese University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110141
Author(s):  
Chu Wang ◽  
Jiayao Xu ◽  
Mufan Wang ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
The University

Nightmares influence the mental health of university students, but the prevalence of nightmare and nightmare disorder requires additional documentation. The data of detailed nightmare experience of nightmare disorder and related depressive mood in this population are also scarce. First, a total of 1,451 students in a comprehensive Chinese university were invited to report their nightmare frequency. Sixty-eight patients with nightmare disorder were diagnosed using a semi-structured clinical interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Second, 60 patients with nightmare disorder (8 of 68 patients were dismissed due to data incompletion) and 124 gender-matched, healthy students were invited to answer the Nightmare Experience Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). Of 1,451 students, 923 reported nightmares (its annual prevalence was 63.61%), and 68 were diagnosed with nightmare disorder (its prevalence was 4.69%), with a female preponderance. The mean PVP and four NEQ scale scores in patients were higher than those in healthy students. The PVP scores were correlated with NEQ Physical Effect in patients, and with Negative Emotion in healthy students. This is the first report regarding nightmare disorder prevalence and detailed nightmare experience in university students. The findings of a high prevalence of nightmare disorder in women and elevated scores of nightmare experience among patients in the university population might help address the mechanisms and the management of patients with nightmare disorder.

scholarly journals Eating disorders among university students: a public health challenge. An European study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ladner ◽  
A Lukács ◽  
I Brumboiu ◽  
E Ciobanu ◽  
C Croitoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
University Students ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Eating disorders (ED) and behavioural risk factors among students in higher education remain to be investigated. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of ED and the behavioural factors associated with ED in university students in four European universities: Chisinau (Ch) in Republic of Moldava, Cluj-Napoca (CN) in Romania, Miskolc (Ms) in Hungary and Rouen (R) in France. Methods In the four countries, students in higher education completed an anonymous standardized self-questionnaire, from 2016 to 2018. The questionnaire collected age, gender (M, W), housing, curricula, smoking, cannabis consumption, alcohol abuse problems (ADOSPA test), and perceived stress (Cohen score). The Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF scale) screening test was used to identify student with ED. Results A total of 3076 students were included, 705 in Ch, 582 in CL, 534 in Ms and 1255 in R. The sex-ratio was M:F=0.31 Ch, 0.30 in CN, 0.44 in Ms and 0.66 in R. The mean age was 21.2 (SD = 3.98) in Ch, 21.2 (SD = 3.2) in CL, 23.8 (SD = 5.1) in Ms and 20.0 (SD = 3.4) in R. The global prevalence of ED was 23.8%. According to the gender, the prevalence of ED in the four universities was 14.7% in M and 38.3% in W in Ch, 21.8% in M and 24.7% in W in CN, 19.7% in M and 21.4% in W in Ms and 16.1% in M and 34.0% in W in R (p &lt; 10-4). After logistic regression, significant positive relation between the positive SCOFF was observed with female gender, alcohol abuse problems and stress level. Conclusions ED prevalence patterns were quite similar in the four countries, with high prevalence of ED, even in men. Associated behavioural risk-factors were quite similar. It might be necessary in the future to screen students for potential ED upon entry to the university and also to inform student about the risk of ED and advise them to consult a healthcare professional. Key messages Our study highlights the high prevalence of eating disorders, with similar behaviours in university students in four countries. Because of the detrimental effects of ED on physical and emotional health, it seems mandatory to set up public health programs (health promotion, prevention).

scholarly journals Prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília de Oliveira Crispim ◽  
Cândida Maria Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Iracema da Silva Frazão ◽  
Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz Frazão ◽  
Rossana Carla Rameh de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

Objective: to identify the prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students. Method: a systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies based on the Joanna Briggs Institute proposal, and carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and LILACS databases and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with no language or year restrictions. A total of 2,942 publications were identified. Selection, data extraction and methodological evaluation of the studies were performed by two independent researchers. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random effects model. Results: eleven articles were included in this review. The prevalence variation for suicidal ideation was from 9.7% to 58.3% and, for attempted suicide, it was from 0.7% to 14.7%. The meta-analysis showed a 27.1% prevalence for suicidal ideation in life, 14.1% for ideation in the last year, and 3.1% for attempted suicide in life. Conclusion: the high prevalence of suicidal behavior, even with the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, raises the need to implement interventions aimed at preventing suicide and promoting mental health, especially in the academic environment.

scholarly journals The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz SOLHI ◽  
Esmaeil FATTAHI ◽  
Zahra Sadat MANZARI ◽  
Prakash C. GUPTA ◽  
Mehdi KARGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
The People ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
And Control

Background: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem in some parts of the world. The major objective of this study was to investigate the reasons and factors of consumption. Methods: A content analysis was conducted on articles for the past thirty years (1989-2019). We reviewed and selected 400 abstracts of original articles from PubMed databases by the search strategy, and reviewed one by one. Among these, 45 abstracts were selected, in which the patterns of use, the reasons for using, and the determinants and predictors were described. Eleven papers were selected based on the results and related to the research objectives. The results of these articles were evaluated precisely word by word and phrase by phrase with content analysis method and inductive approach. Results: The reasons for the use of smokeless tobacco fell in two main themes: socio-cultural structure; and, beliefs, each contained Sub-themes such as "culture and living conditions", "laws", "family and peer relationships", "beliefs related to psychological" and "beliefs related to physical influences", "beliefs", "The role of harm perceptions ". Conclusion: There was a difference between beliefs, cultures and social conditions among the people about using of smokeless tobacco and the association of these factors is investigated in future studies. We also suggest for the prevention and control of smokeless tobacco use, cultural norms and beliefs will need to address adequately.

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