scholarly journals Container Positivity and Larva Distribution Based on the Container Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Wanti Wanti ◽  
Ririh Yudhastuti ◽  
Subagyo Yotopranoto ◽  
Hari B. Notobroto ◽  
Sri Subekti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
National Average ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
And Control

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) prevention and control program has been conducted in Kupang City but DHF Incidence Rate (IR) is always high and exceeds the national average. Calculating the density of larvae and pupae is a good choice in calculating DHF mosquitos’ density because larvae capture is easier than mosquitoes, and pupa is the nearest stage with adult mosquitoes so can better represent actual mosquito density. This observational study used cross sectional study design was conducted in Kupang City as many 24 urban villages or 480 houses during the rainy and dry season and all containers inside and outside homes selected been observed. Larvae and pupae were collected using gamadotik then identified. Analyzed data were using multiple regression logistic test, independent t test and Anova test. This study found 781 containers with the equation model of container positivity = 2,975 lid - 0.192 material + 0.781 type - 3,706, with the most influential variable is the container lid (OR 19.5). <em>Ae. Aegypti</em>, <em>Ae. Albopictus</em> and <em>Culex</em> can be found in water containers both inside and outside homes. The presence of larvae can be prevented either by doing closed and drain the container regularly and bury or drying container that is not used anymore. As limitation of water supply so other solutions need to be taken such as by sprinkling temefos into container with closed tightly to reduce the container positivity 19.5 times. For greater container can be done by water draining or reuse used container outside the home into a place to plant flowers or plants or become temporary garbage.

Studies on mosquito density in urban Kano: a study to calculate larval indices in municipal area of Gwale, Kano, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Umar ◽  
A.H. Dankaka ◽  
M. Manjur Shah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Water Holding

The study is carried out to standardize larval indices namely House Index, Container Index and Breteau Index and also to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in and around the Gwale Local government area of  Kano, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study by selecting 50 houses randomly from the 6 wards of Municipality was employed. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors were counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format. In this study, 300 houses were surveyed in 21 days out of which 94.33% (283 houses) were found to have potential sources for mosquito breeding. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level. House Index = 28.67%; Container Index = 12.14%; Breteau Index = 64.00% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. The area is prone to mosquito borne disease like malaria and therefore warrants interventions from the competent.

scholarly journals Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e148-e157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rader ◽  
Laura F White ◽  
Michael R Burns ◽  
Jack Chen ◽  
Joseph Brilliant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals A prevalence study on hypertension among practising advocates in Madurai

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
P. Praveena ◽  
Shanthi Edward
Keyword(s):  
Care Management ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Court ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health Counsellor

Background: In recent years, the practice of law is demanding and exceedingly stressful occupation. Main factors concerned are, being overloaded with work, unsupported, lack of appreciation, long hours, unattainable targets. Even the most balanced and well-adjusted advocates at some point eventually succumbs to the pressures of working in the legal field. It causes hypertension and a great impact on ones’well being. Hence the main objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of hypertension among practising advocates, thereby effective measures can be taken to prevent and control hypertension and its complications.Methods: : A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension among the practising advocates was found to be 41% (123). Among the 123 hypertensives, 56 (18.7%) were known hypertensives and 67 (22.3%) were newly detected hypertensives.Conclusions: The cause for hypertension among the advocates may be due to hectic work pressure. Advocates being professionals are well educated and informative. Regular adoption of basic life style modification practices, short vacations, arrangement of health camps in court premises with guidance of bar council association, recruitment of health counsellor in Bar Council Association for health educating and counselling the advocates, regular monitoring of health status by self-care management can control and prevent hypentension.

scholarly journals Hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment, and control in rural Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Pone Simo ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Jacques Noubiap ◽  
Orlin Pagnol Nana ◽  
Pride Swiri-Muya Nkosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a surge in the burden of hypertension, and rural communities seem to be increasingly affected by the epidemic. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, its associated factors, as well as its awareness, treatment, and control rates in rural communities of the Baham Health District (BHD), Cameroon.Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Participants from five health areas in the BHD were recruited from August to October 2018.Participants: Consenting participants aged 18 years or older were included. Results: We included 526 participants in this study. The median age of the participants was 53.0 (IQR = 35 – 65) years and 67.1% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 40.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7 – 45.1) were hypertensive with no gender disparity. The overall age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% (95% CI = 20.3 – 27.5). Five-year increase in age (adjusted odd’s ratio [AOR] = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.23 – 1.44), family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.37 – 3.60), and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.40 – 4.69).The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 37.2% (95% CI = 31.0 – 43.9), 20.9% (95% CI = 16.0 – 26.9), and 22.2% (95% CI = 15.2 – 46.5), respectively.Conclusion: The high hypertension prevalence in this rural community is associated with contrastingly low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Age, family history of hypertension, and obesity are the major drivers of hypertension in this community. Veracious policies are needed to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in this rural community.

scholarly journals Survey on Zoonotic Importance and Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs of Tabriz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Hossein Hashemzadeh Farhang ◽  
Seyed Razi Bahavarnia ◽  
Mohamad Javad Esmailzadeh ◽  
Navid Mahmoudi Kamalabad
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Statistical Survey ◽  
And Control

Background: Dirofilaria immitis is one of the most important parasites of the circulatory system of dogs that causes severe cardiovascular events in the animal and it is reported to be the most common nematode in humans and dogs from many parts of Iran. Methods: In order to investigate the presence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in Tabriz, Iran, a cross-sectional study was performed on 200 owned and stray dogs. The blood samples were analyzed using Knott method. The prevalence of D. immitis infection was reported to be 15% in owned dogs. Results: The highest levels of infection were reported in dogs less than one year of age and the lowest in dogs aged over 9 years. In a statistical survey, there was a significant relationship between infection and gender. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, due to the presence of D. immitis infection in this region, the need for a more comprehensive examination and control of the infection in this region is emphasized.

scholarly journals The state of infection prevention and control at home health agencies in the United States prior to COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103841
Author(s):  
Jingjing Shang ◽  
Ashley M. Chastain ◽  
Uduwanage Gayani E. Perera ◽  
Andrew W. Dick ◽  
Caroline J. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Home Health Agencies ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the aim of this was to assess the community’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such being female equal (AOR: 0.476, 95%CI: 0.293, 0.772),education being secondary and above(AOR:2.178,95%CI:1.323,3.586),and prevention methods being fully used (AOR,8.127,95%CI: 1.273, 51.871)were significantly influencing the awareness status of the community towards COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
Minwook Chang ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Seok Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97, p < 0.001 ). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.

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