scholarly journals Testicular features of semi-confined Nellore bulls subjected to immunocastration

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. e171210
Author(s):  
Luciana da Silva Leal Karolewski ◽  
Valmir Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Acácio Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Gustavo de Freitas Baise ◽  
Ranulfo Piau Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tubule Diameter ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immunocastration on the scrotal circumference, as well as in the macroscopic and microscopic testicular features in Nellore bulls bred under a semi-confining system for 91 days. Sixty animals were divided into two groups: 30 intact animals (non-vaccinated) and 30 immunocastrated animals. The immunocastrated animals were treated with two anti-GnRH vaccine doses (BoprivaTM - Zoetis Australia Pty Ltd). The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured on days 0 and 56. Testicular parameters: biometry traits (length, width, and height – cm; volume – cm3 ) and weight (g) was measured on day 91. Three testicles from each group were histologically processed to find the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness (µm). Data were analyzed in the Minitab® 19 statistical software. The macroscopic features (SC, and testes weight, volume, length, width, and height) and the microscopic features (seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness) were compared between the two groups through Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney test. All the values were lower (p<0.05) in animals immunized against GnRH, except for the right testis width and seminiferous tubule diameter. Results indicate that immunization against GnRH affected testicular development.

scholarly journals Craniometric study of the Orbital Index in brazilian skulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso FERNANDES ◽  
Patrícia Moreira RABELLO ◽  
Bianca Marques SANTIAGO ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de CARVALHO ◽  
Manoel Raimundo de SENA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the percentage of correctness of the Orbital Index (OI) for estimation of sex, ancestry and age in Brazilian skulls. Methods Cross-sectional study of 183 human dry skulls from the southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 skeletons were males and 83 females; of which 36 were aged up to 39 years, 60 aged between 40 and 59 years, and 87 aged 60 years or older. As for ancestry, 103 were from white, 51 mixed race, and 29 black individuals. The OI was calculate by the formula = height/width x 100. The data were submitted to Student’s t test, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests as well as to discriminant analysis, with a 5% significance level. Results The sample was characterized as mesoseme, with a mean age of 56.62 (±19.97) years. No significant difference was observed (p=0.511) between the OI in females (right: 86.43 ± 6.58 and left: 86.70 ± 5.93) and males (right: 85.78 ± 6.69 and left: 86.37 ± 6.20). There were no significant differences between age, ancestry and the variables analyzed (p>0.05). The right and left orbital widths were significantly dimorphic between sexes (p<0.001). The percentage of correctness of the method for estimation of sex, age and ancestry was found to be 65.6%, 43.7%, and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusions The OI is not an appropriate method for estimation of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in this Brazilian sample. The methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved.

Alterations in post-movement beta event related synchronization throughout the migraine cycle: A controlled, longitudinal study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Syvertsen Mykland ◽  
Marte Helene Bjørk ◽  
Marit Stjern ◽  
Trond Sand
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background The migraine brain is believed to have altered cortical excitability compared to controls and between migraine cycle phases. Our aim was to evaluate post-activation excitability through post-movement beta event related synchronization (PMBS) in sensorimotor cortices with and without sensory discrimination. Subjects and methods We recorded EEG of 41 migraine patients and 31 healthy controls on three different days with classification of days in relation to migraine phases. During each recording, subjects performed one motor and one sensorimotor task with the right wrist. Controls and migraine patients in the interictal phase were compared with repeated measures (R-) ANOVA and two sample Student’s t-test. Migraine phases were compared to the interictal phase with R-ANOVA and paired Student’s t-test. Results The difference between PMBS at the contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex was altered throughout the migraine cycle. Compared to the interictal phase, we found decreased PMBS at the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in the ictal phase and increased PMBS in the preictal phase. Lower ictal PMBS was found in bilateral sensorimotor cortices in patients with right side headache predominance. Conclusion The cyclic changes of PMBS in migraine patients may indicate that a dysfunction in deactivation and interhemispheric inhibition of the sensorimotor cortex is involved in the migraine attack cascade.

Mandibular Condyle Lesions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sossani Sidiropoulou-Chatzigianni ◽  
Moschos A. Papadopoulos ◽  
George Kolokithas
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bilateral Lesions ◽  
Bilateral Destruction ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To assess the prevalence of radiographically detectable destruction of the temporomandibular joints in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and to study the possible relationships between condylar destruction and type and duration of the disease, as well as the type of occlusion. Material And Method: The study group consisted of 66 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (27 boys, 39 girls; mean age, 11.9 years). The possible presence of condylar destruction was examined in panoramic radiographs. The medical history and the type of malocclusion were registered also. The statistical evaluation was performed by means of descriptive statistics, Student's t test, Pearson's chi-square, and an analysis of variance test. The whole procedure was repeated after a 4-week interval to estimate the error of the method. Results: Of the children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 50% showed some form of condylar destruction. Significant correlation was found between the type of the disease and the condyles affected. In the polyarticular type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 75% of the children presented affected condyles and 55.6% of them showed lesions bilaterally. The condylar affection was found to be independent of sex, although girls showed a tendency to bilateral lesions. In children with unilateral destruction, the right condyle was affected four times more frequently than the left. The duration of juvenile idiopathic arthritis seems to be significantly correlated to condylar destruction and especially to bilateral destruction. Conclusion: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis presented a remarkable prevalence of condylar destruction, which was correlated to the type and duration of the disease.

scholarly journals Effects of a standardized 40% ellagic acid pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extract on seminiferous tubule histopathology, diameter, and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats after heat exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265
Author(s):  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Nurfitri Rahmah Daningtia ◽  
Gandul Atik Yuliani ◽  
Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Acid Extract ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Punica Granatum L ◽  
Tubule Diameter

Background and Aim: It has long been known that the spermatogenic tissue is very sensitive to temperatures higher than its physiologic temperature and causing cessation of activity and resulting in sterility. This study investigated the effect of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate on the histopathology, diameter, and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules in albino rats exposed to heat. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male albino Wistar rats were randomized at 7-8 months of age to five treatment groups. Group C was not treated; Group T0 was treated with 0.5% of Na carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 2 ml/day and exposed to heat. T1, T2, and T3 were treated with 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), respectively. The animals were orally administered Na CMC or pomegranate extract and were exposed to sunlight for 15 min at 40°C-42°C for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 15 and the testes were removed for histological evaluation and measurement of seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness. Results: The diameter of seminiferous tubules from rats exposed to heat and treated with 300 mg/kg/day pomegranate extract was larger and the epithelia thicker than those in the other groups (p= <0.05). The protective effects of the standardized 40% ellagic acid extract may have been mediated by its antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Compared with controls, administration of 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of P. granatum L. for 14 days increased seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats exposed to heat. Keywords: diameter, epithelium thickness, heat, pomegranate extract, seminiferous tubule.

scholarly journals End-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without perineurium

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1808-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Viterbo ◽  
Evandro Teixeira ◽  
Katsumae Hoshino ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani
Keyword(s):  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Electrophysiological Tests ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: We compared end-to-side neurorraphy with and without the perineural sheath. METHOD: Twenty rats were used. The peroneal nerve was sectioned and the distal end was sutured to the lateral face of the tibial nerve. We removed the perineural sheath only on the right side, but not on the left side. The proximal end of the peroneal nerve was curved back approximately at a 100° angle and implanted into the adductor muscle. Six months later, the 14 surviving animals were submitted to electrophysiological tests, sacrificed, and the nerves and muscles were taken for histological exams. RESULTS: On the right side, the muscles that had positive response needed an average of 258.89 mV (±92.31) of electric stimulus and on the left side 298.34 mV (±139.32). The average weight of the tibial cranial muscles of the right side was 0.47 g (0.18) and for the left side 0.45 g (0.15). The distal end of the peroneal nerve showed averages of 310.29 (±191.34) nerve fibers on the right side and 287.71 (±183.60) on the left side. The tibial nerve above the neurorraphy showed averages of 939.46 (±223.51) nerve fibers on the right side and 959.46 (±327.48) on the left side. The tibial nerve below the neurorraphy showed averages of 935.17 (±298.65) nerve fibers on the right side and 755.31 (±323.26) on the left side. The average areas of the right tibial cranial muscles were 0.0162 m2 (±0.008), after 230 magnification, and 0.0152 m2 (0.0064) for the left tibial cranial muscles. The histological features of the tibial cranial muscles, taking normal as 100%, were 78.21 (±20.75) on the right side and 82.14 (±15.89) on the left side. The statistical analysis (Student's t test) did not reveal any difference (p>0.05) among right and left sides for all variables. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that the two neurorraphies (with and without perineurium) did not show any difference regarding morphological and electrophysiological features studied.

The morphology of the mandibular antegonial notches and facial symmetry

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Fares Al-Sehaibany ◽  
Omar Salem ◽  
Brian Preston
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
State University ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

Thirty randomly selected pre-treatment postero-anterior cranial radiographs of adolescent patients attending the orthodontic department, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo comprised the sample in this study. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the depths of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches, and (2) to determine whether the morphology of the antegonial notches bears a statistical relationship to some other transverse metrical characters of the face. The frontal cranial radiographs of thirty patients were digitized to determine the linear, and surface area, measurements of the right, and the left, antegonial notches as well as some transverse dimensions of the faces. An analysis of variance showed that no statistically significant difference existed between the measurements made by the two examiners, who digitized the radiographs.The data were analyzed by means of the Student's t- test. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences (P&lt;0.05) between the measurements of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches. The data also showed that there were highly statistically significant differences between the corresponding bilateral facial dimensions (P&lt;0.001). The results of this study suggest that facial symmetry, as measured on a frontal skull radiograph, is associated with the respective depths of the right, and the left, mandibular antegonial notches.

Permanent teeth eruption chronology in a peruvian indigenous population

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marisel Roxana Valenzuela-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Program Version

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the chronology of the eruption of permanent teeth ina Peruvian indigenous population.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,644 children of ages between 5 and16 years old (804 girls and 840 boys), who underwent an oral examination to determine in which eruption phasetheir teeth were. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program, version 21. The statistical testsused were Student’s t-test for independent samples, depending on the normality and homoscedasticity tests.Results: A descriptive analysis shows that the upper left and lower right first molars erupted at 6.98 years oldand 6.99 years old, respectively, and the last tooth to erupt was the upper right second molar at 11.91 years old.Conclusion: The first tooth to erupt was the first molar (upper and lower), while the last tooth to erupt wasthe upper second molar. Teeth erupt earlier on girls. Teeth erupt simultaneously both on the right and left sides.Also, teeth erupt in the jawbone earlier than in the maxilla.

scholarly journals Electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle in individuals with group function and canine guidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Nathália de Oliveira Domingos ◽  
Roberto Bernardino Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Teixeira de Carvalho Gaspar ◽  
Frederico Balbino Lizardo ◽  
César Ferreira Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Group Function ◽  
Canine Guidance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Masseter Muscles ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background. There is no general consensus in restorative dentistry about which lateral guidance should be established. Some studies have shown that canine guidance decreases the tension of masticatory muscles. Others have reported that group function might achieve a better physiologic distribution of occlusal forces. Also, some reports have shown that both guidances are equally acceptable. Despite all discussions, clinical evidence of one guidance being superior to another is limited. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles in individuals with group function and canine guidance. Methods. Twenty volunteers of both genders, aged 20-25, were divided into two groups: GF (group function guidance, n=10) and CA (canine guidance, n=10). EMG activity of masseters was captured using surface electrodes during habitual maximum intercuspation (HMI) and right and left lateral jaw movements and recorded using EMG amplitude values (RMS – root means square). Student’s t-test was used to compare mean RMS values between the groups and lateral movements in each group. Results. During HMI, there was no difference in masseter EMG activity between the groups. Both masseters showed higher activity in group GF only on the right side during lateral movements, while the left masseter exhibited higher activity on the nonworking side in both groups. The activity of both masseters distributed by tooth was higher in group CA. Conclusion. During tooth restorative procedures, any guidance is acceptable considering HMI. However, group function guidance is more favorable during lateral movements due to greater dissipation of occlusal pressures.

scholarly journals Manipulation of task constraints on throwing of amateur handball athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Ribeiro ◽  
Pedro H. B. F. Spinola ◽  
Helga T. Tucci ◽  
Raquel P. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Elbow Angle ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND: In handball, speed and accuracy are essential characteristics for the performance of throwing. AIM: To verify the effects of manipulation of task constraints during the throws on kinematic variables in amateur handball players. METHOD: 18 amateur handball players (18-27 years) made 10 throws to the target with a focus on speed and 10 throws with a focus on accuracy. The kinematic analysis of the throwing was performed, and the Student's t-test was used. RESULTS: Greater velocity, and hand, acromion, and iliac spines trajectories for throws with a focus on speed in cocking phase was observed. During the acceleration phase, there was greater velocity, and trajectory of the right upper posterior iliac spine, and less time and hand, acromion, and left upper posterior iliac spines trajectories for throws with a focus on speed. The throw with a focus on speed showed greater shoulder and elbow angles at the beginning, and greater elbow angle at the end of throwing. CONCLUSION: The manipulation in the focus of the throw influenced the movement strategy from the cocking phase to the acceleration phase according to the movement intentionality, with most of the variables presenting greater values in the throw with a focus on speed.

Stretch-induced reduction in atrial content of natriuretic factor is locally mediated

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. R284-R288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Meikle ◽  
S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Student’S T Test

Two groups of male Wistar rats were chronically implanted with small inflatable balloons at the right superior vena caval (SVC)-atrial junction. The balloons were inflated for 60 min in one-third of the rats in each group; the remainder served as noninflated controls. Extract was prepared from the right atria of the first and from the left atria of the second group and bioassayed in male Wistars to determine the content of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). The bioassay rats received either two injections of sham extract (control) or an initial injection (I1) of sham extract followed by an injection (I2) of balloon-inflated extract (experimental). For right atrial extract, the incremental response to the experimental injection (I2/I1) was significantly less than the response to the control injection (experimental, 1.15 +/- 0.09 mueq/min, n = 14; control, 1.59 +/- 0.15 mueq/min, n = 13; P less than 0.01). However, in the case of left atrial extract, there was no such difference between the control group (1.35 +/- 0.13 mueq/min, n = 19) and the experimental group (1.25 +/- 0.11 mueq/min, n = 11; Student's t test). We conclude that right atrial distension causes release of ANF from the right atrium, but not the left, and that this release is probably locally mediated.

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