Abstract 36: Changes in HDL Particle Traits in Response to Regular Exercise: Results from the HERITAGE Family Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Sarzynski ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Arthur S Leon ◽  
Dabeeru C Rao ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Given the controversy around HDL-C as a therapeutic target, there is a need to investigate other features of HDL and how they respond to various preventive interventions. We tested the hypothesis that regular exercise would have beneficial effects on HDL particle (HDL-P) traits in sedentary adults. Methods: The following HDL-P traits were measured via NMR (Liposcience Inc.) before and after completion of a 20-week exercise program in the HERITAGE Family Study (N=715): concentration of total, large, medium, and small HDL-P and mean HDL-P size. ANCOVA was used to test for aggregation of HDL-P trait responses in families controlling for age, sex, and baseline BMI and trait value. Results: The concentration of large HDL-P significantly increased in response to regular exercise in both Black and White participants, while the increase was significantly larger in females compared to males (Table 1). In general, regular exercise decreased the concentration of medium and small HDL-P. Together, these responses contributed to a significant increase in the average cholesterol content of HDL particles. Exercise-induced changes in large HDL-P were inversely correlated with changes in fat mass and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, changes in BMI were significantly associated with changes in all of the HDL-P traits, but not with HDL-C. We found significant evidence of familial aggregation for the exercise-induced changes in HDL-P traits in both races, as there was 1.4 to 1.6 times more variance between than within families for the changes in total (p=0.02 in Whites) and large HDL-P (p=0.004 in Whites, p=0.02 in Blacks) and HDL-P size (p=0.0009 in Whites, p=0.009 in Blacks). Conclusion: The HDL-P subclass profile favorably responded to regular exercise in sedentary Black and White adults, highlighted by increases in the concentration of large HDL-P, and may be influenced by a significant genetic component. We provide evidence that regular exercise could potentially be used as an HDL-based therapy designed to target beneficial subfractions.

Improvements in Self-Concept Associated with Reductions in Negative Mood in Preadolescents Enrolled in an After-School Physical Activity Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
After School ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
School Care

Preadolescents enrolled in either a 3 times per week, 12-week exercise program ( n = 50) or a no-exercise program control condition ( n = 42) during their after-school care, were assessed for indication of whether exercise-induced changes in self-concept and overall negative mood were negatively correlated. Significant improvements in ratings of self-concept and of negative mood were found over 12 wk. Inverse relationships were found between changes in physical self-concept with overall self-concept and negative mood ( r = –.40 and –.36, respectively). Results supported the positive effect of exercise on the assessed psychological factors in preadolescents. Cognitive behavioral theory-based explanations of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Detraining Slows and Maintenance Training Over 6 Years Halts Parkinsonian Symptoms-Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Hortobágyi ◽  
Dávid Sipos ◽  
Gábor Borbély ◽  
György Áfra ◽  
Emese Reichardt-Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Introduction: There are scant data to demonstrate that the long-term non-pharmaceutical interventions can slow the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms and lower drug dose in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: After randomization, the Exercise-only (E, n = 19) group completed an initial 3-week-long, 15-session supervised, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program designed to improve the postural stability. The Exercise + Maintenance (E + M, n = 22) group completed the 3-week program and continued the same program three times per week for 6 years. The no exercise and no maintenance control (C, n = 26) group continued habitual living. In each patient, 11 outcomes were measured before and after the 3-week initial exercise program and then, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months.Results: The longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling of each variable was fitted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for baseline and covariates. The exercise program strongly improved the primary outcome, Motor Experiences of Daily Living, by ~7 points and all secondary outcomes [body mass index (BMI), disease and no disease-specific quality of life, depression, mobility, and standing balance]. In E group, the detraining effects lasted up to 12 months. E+M group further improved the initial exercise-induced gains up to 3 months and the gains were sustained until year 6. In C group, the symptoms worsened steadily. By year 6, levodopa (L-dopa) equivalents increased in all the groups but least in E + M group.Conclusion: A short-term, high-intensity sensorimotor agility exercise program improved the PD symptoms up to a year during detraining but the subsequent 6-year maintenance program was needed to further increase or sustain the initial improvements in the symptoms, quality of life, and drug dose.

Abstract MP12: Proteomic Predictors Of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response To Regular Exercise

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
Guoshuai Cai ◽  
Jeremy M Robbins ◽  
Robert E Gerszten ◽  
Prashant Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

Introduction: Regular exercise beneficially increases plasma HDL-C levels at the group level. However, variation in individual HDL-C responses to exercise highlight a need for predictive biomarkers of exercise response. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that baseline abundance of circulating proteins is predictive of HDL-C response to exercise and that identified proteins are part of a complex biological network of exercise response. Methods: We measured over 5,000 circulating proteins using an aptamer-affinity based platform (SomaScan) in 667 black and white adults from the HERITAGE Family Study. Fasting plasma HDL-C was measured at baseline and following 20 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training. To predict exercise induced changes in HDL-C using baseline abundance of circulating proteins, models were created using LASSO regression and a 70/30 training test data split with 10-fold cross validation. Biological pathways, networks, and functions involving proteins identified in predictive modeling were investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and integrated molecular pathway level analysis (IMPaLA). Results: Regular exercise significantly increased HDL-C in the sample by 1.5 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.0001), however marked inter-individual differences in response were present (range: -19.5 to +17.4 mg/dL). LASSO regression of circulating proteins only yielded a model of 120 proteins with similar but stronger predictive power to a model of 19 clinical traits (root mean square error = 4.52 and 5.3 mg/dL respectively). LASSO regression of both clinical and proteomic predictors resulted in a final model of baseline HDL-C and 116 circulating proteins, with an improved root mean square error of 4.11 mg/dL. Furthermore, this panel of 116 proteins was able to explain 40.0% of the variance in exercise induced changes in plasma HDL-C, while clinical predictors alone (including baseline HDL-C) explained only 3.9%. Pathway analysis of these 116 proteins identified several biological processes including pathways involved in the progression towards atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, mTOR signaling, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Conclusions: Circulating proteins may allow for prediction of exercise induced changes in HDL-C. Additionally, proteins predictive of HDL-C response to exercise are associated with important biological pathways and may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of regular exercise.

scholarly journals Exercise Induced Adipokine Changes and the Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Exercise Induced

The lack of adequate physical activity and obesity created a worldwide pandemic. Obesity is characterized by the deposition of adipose tissue in various parts of the body; it is now evident that adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ capable of secreting many cytokines that are though to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines, or adipose tissue-derived proteins, play a pivotal role in this scenario. Increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokines leads to a chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Lifestyle change in terms of increased physical activity and exercise is the best nonpharmacological treatment for obesity since these can reduce insulin resistance, counteract the inflammatory state, and improve the lipid profile. There is growing evidence that exercise exerts its beneficial effects partly through alterations in the adipokine profile; that is, exercise increases secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper we briefly describe the pathophysiologic role of four important adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the metabolic syndrome and review some of the clinical trials that monitored these adipokines as a clinical outcome before and after exercise.

scholarly journals Exercise Increases the Dynamics of Diurnal Cortisol Secretion and Executive Function in People With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tortosa-Martínez ◽  
Angela Clow ◽  
Nuria Caus-Pertegaz ◽  
Gloria González-Caballero ◽  
Immaculada Abellán-Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Regular physical activity is protective against, and beneficial for, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unknown although it has been suggested that exercise-induced changes in the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion may be implicated. Fitness, salivary cortisol levels (0 and 30 min postawakening, midday, 5 p.m., and 9 p.m.), and cognitive function were determined in a group of amnestic MCI patients (n = 39) before and after a three-month exercise program (n = 19) or usual care (n = 20). At baseline, fitness measures were positively correlated with peak levels of cortisol and a greater fall in cortisol concentration from peak levels to midday. The exercise intervention successfully increased fitness and resulted in a greater fall in cortisol concentration from peak to midday, compared with the control group. The exercise intervention enhanced indices of executive function, although memory, mood, and functionality were not affected.

Exercise-induced changes in blood composition of racing reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1209-R1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Poso ◽  
M. Nieminen ◽  
S. Sankari ◽  
T. Soveri
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

The responses to near-maximal exercise before and after the training and racing season were examined in reindeer. The reindeer were tested when pulling a driver at a speed of 11-12 m/s for 600 m. The lactate responses were higher before than after training. Similarly, the accumulation of uric acid, a breakdown product of ATP, became attenuated after training. The serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids decreased or did not change after exercise, although an increase in the glycerol concentration indicates activation of lipolysis. The concentration of alanine increased after both tests, and at rest the concentrations of several amino acids, e.g., glutamine, isoleucine, and tyrosine, were higher and the concentrations of serum protein and urea were lower during spring than at the beginning of the training period. It can be concluded that the carbohydrate metabolism of the reindeer responds to exercise and training similarly to that in other athletic species, but further studies are needed to explain the observed changes in lipid and protein metabolites.

scholarly journals Diabetes in Sports

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Shugart ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
Karl B. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Manual Review

Context: Exercise is recommended for individuals with diabetes mellitus, and several facets of the disease must be considered when managing the diabetic athlete. The purpose of this article is to review diabetes care in the context of sports participation. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant studies were identified through a literature search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane database, as well as manual review of reference lists of identified sources. Results: Diabetics should be evaluated for complications of long-standing disease before beginning an exercise program, and exercise should be modified appropriately if complications are present. Athletes who use insulin or oral insulin secretogogues are at risk for exercise-induced immediate or delayed hypoglycemia. Diabetics are advised to engage in a combination of regular aerobic and resistance exercise. Insulin-dependent diabetics should supplement carbohydrate before and after exercise, as well as during exercise for events lasting longer than 1 hour. Adjustment of insulin dosing based on planned exercise intensity is another strategy to prevent hypoglycemia. Insulin-dependent athletes should monitor blood sugar closely before, during, and after exercise. Significant hyperglycemia before exercise should preclude exercise because the stress of exercise can paradoxically exacerbate hyperglycemia and lead to ketoacidosis. Athletes should be aware of hypoglycemia symptoms and have rapidly absorbable glucose available in case of hypoglycemia. Conclusion: Exercise is an important component of diabetes treatment, and most people with diabetes can safely participate in sports at recreational and elite levels with attention to appropriate precautions.

The benefit of a supplement with the antioxidant melatonin on redox status and muscle damage in resistance-trained athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Leonardo-Mendonça ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Tomás de Haro ◽  
Carlos de Teresa-Galván ◽  
Eduardo Guerra-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Exercise Induced

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage.

Bones benefits gained by jump training are preserved after detraining in young and adult rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Honda ◽  
Naota Sogo ◽  
Seigo Nagasawa ◽  
Takeru Kato ◽  
Yoshihisa Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

We investigated the osteogenic responses to jump training and subsequent detraining in young and adult male rats to test the following hypotheses: 1) jump training has skeletal benefits; 2) these skeletal benefits are preserved with subsequent detraining throughout bone morphometric changes; and 3) there are no differences between young and adult rats during detraining in terms of the maintenance of exercise-induced changes. Twelve-week-old (young) and 44-wk-old (adult) rats were divided into the following four groups: young-sedentary, young-exercised, adult-sedentary, and adult-exercised. The exercised groups performed jump training (height = 40 cm, 10 jumps/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 wk followed by 24 wk of being sedentary. Tibial bone mineral content and bone mineral density in vivo significantly increased with jump training, and the effects were maintained after detraining in both the young and adult exercised groups, although the benefits of training became somewhat diminished. After 24 wk of detraining, the beneficial effects of training on bone mass and strength were preserved and associated with morphometric changes, such as periosteal perimeter, cortical area, and moment of inertia. There were no significant age-exercise interactions in such parameters, except for the periosteal perimeter. These results suggest that there are few differences in bone accommodation and maintenance by training and detraining between young and adult rats.

Exercise-induced changes in insulin action are associated with ACE gene polymorphisms in older adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
Michael D. Brown ◽  
Robert E. Ferrell ◽  
Thomas H. Reynolds ◽  
Mark A. Supiano
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Action ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
Exercise Induced

We evaluated the association between insulin resistance and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) gene polymorphism in a group of older hypertensive subjects (63 ± 1 yr, n = 35) before and after a 6-mo aerobic exercise program (AEX). Insulin sensitivity index (SI), assessed by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, was significantly ( P = 0.0001) increased following AEX. In addition, there was a significant ( P = 0.001) interaction between AEX and ACE genotype. SI increased significantly ( P < 0.05) more in those with the II (2.5 ± 0.8 μU × 10−4 · min−1 · ml−1) ACE genotype compared with both the DD and ID (0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.7 ± 0.2 μU × 10−4 · min−1 · ml−1, respectively) ACE genotypes. Similarly, there was a significant ( P = 0.036) decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRG) and a significant ( P = 0.05) interaction between AEX and ACE genotype. AIRG decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) more in those with the II (−17.6 ± 5.6 mU/ml) ACE genotype compared with both the DD and ID (−1.4 ± 6.2 and −3.6 ± 2.5 mU/ml) ACE genotypes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that those older hypertensives with the ACE II genotype have the greatest improvement in insulin action following AEX.

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