Abstract 3476: Factors Affecting The Incidence of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Multiracial Community in Northern California.

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Guisado ◽  
Linda Catalli ◽  
Karen de la Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
White Women ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Santa Clara County ◽  
Hispanic Patients

INTRODUCTION: Santa Clara County, California is a multi-racial community with a large Asian and Hispanic representation (30.6% Asian, 31.8% White and 31.9% Hispanics). The annual incidence of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in our population is higher than the national average (29.2% vs. 13%) and the proportion of Asian patients with ICH is higher than expected (46.5% vs. 30.6% ). The reasons for the higher incidence of ICH in Asian populations are not known. We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of ICH in two Primary Stroke Centers in Santa Clara County, California to test the hypothesis that certain co-morbidities may explain the higher incidence of ICH in our community. METHODS: All cases of ICH admitted to two PSCs were abstracted from the Get With The Guidelines database. Data abstracted included racial and ethnic distribution (White, African American, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American and Hispanic), age, sex, and selected co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and warfarin use. FINDINGS: There were a total of 260 patients. The total number of Pacific Islanders (4), Native Americans (1) and African Americans (13) was too small for further analysis and was not included. The age and sex distribution was similar between White, Asian and Hispanic patients but White women were significantly older (p = 0.018) than males. The rate of warfarin use was similar in all three groups. There was a higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Asian and Hispanics compared to White subjects ( Table ). Asian and Hispanic patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus were at higher risk for ICH compared to White ( Table ). CONCLUSION: In our population, the incidence of ICH is disproportionately high in Asian subjects compared to Whites and Hispanics. This increase is only partially explained by higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Asians. Other factors, not included in the available databases, may include the geographic origin of Asian and Hispanic subjects (East vs. South Asian, North, Central or South American) and a generational effect on co-morbidities. Future epidemiological studies should include geographic and generational, as well as racial and ethnic data.

Initial Screening Transferrin Saturation Values, Serum Ferritin Concentrations, and HFE Genotypes in Native Americans and Whites in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3712-3712
Author(s):  
James C. Barton ◽  
Ronald T. Acton ◽  
Laura Lovato ◽  
Mark R. Speechley ◽  
Christine E. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
White Women ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
White Men ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Native American Women ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract There are few reports of transferrin saturation (TfSat) and serum ferritin (SF) phenotypes and HFE C282Y and H63D genotypes in native Americans. We compared initial screening data of 645 native American and 43,453 white HEIRS Study participants who reported a single race/ethnicity and who did not report a previous diagnosis of hemochromatosis or iron overload. Each underwent TfSat and SF measurements without regard to fasting, and HFE C282Y and H63D genotyping. Elevated measurements were defined as: TfSat >50% (men), >45% (women); and SF >300 ng/mL (men), >200 ng/mL (women). Mean TfSat was lower in native American men than in white men (31% vs. 32%, respectively; p = 0.0337), and lower in native American women than in white women (25% vs. 27%, respectively; p <0.0001). Mean SF was similar in native American and white men (153 μg/L vs. 151 μg/L; p = 0.8256); mean SF was lower in native American women than in white women (55 μg/L vs. 63 μg/L, respectively; p = 0.0015). The respective percentages of native American men and women with elevated TfSat or elevated SF were similar to those of white men and women. The respective mean TfSat and SF values of native American and white participants with genotype HFE wt/wt were similar. The C282Y allele frequency was 0.0340 in native Americans and 0.0683 in whites (p <0.0001). The H63D allele frequency was 0.1150 in native Americans and 0.1532 in whites (p = 0.0001). We conclude that the screening TfSat and SF phenotypes of native Americans do not differ greatly from those of whites. The respective allele frequencies of HFE C282Y and H63D are significantly lower in native Americans than in whites.

scholarly journals Limited evidence for selection at the FADS locus in Native American populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Selection Signal ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractThe FADS locus contains the genes FADS1 and FADS2 that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This locus appears to have been a repeated target of selection in human evolution, likely because dietary input of LC-PUFA varied over time depending on environment and subsistence strategy. Several recent studies have identified selection at the FADS locus in Native American populations, interpreted as evidence for adaptation during or subsequent to the passage through Beringia. Here, we show that these signals of selection are confounded by the presence of parallel adaptation–postdating their split from Native Americans–in the European and East Asian populations used in the population branch statistic (PBS) test. This is supported by direct evidence from ancient DNA that one of the putatively selected haplotypes was already common in Northern Eurasia at the time of the separation of Native American ancestors. A more parsimonious explanation for the present-day distribution of the haplotype is that Native Americans retain the ancestral state of Paleolithic Eurasians. Another haplotype at the locus may reflect a secondary selection signal, although its functional impact is unknown.

scholarly journals KAITAN MAKROSOMIA DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS GESTASIONAL DI BAGIAN OBSGIN BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE SEPTEMBER 2012-SEPTEMBER 2013

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlia Oroh ◽  
Maria Loho ◽  
Suzanna Mongan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Native American ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
White Women ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Race And Culture ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Gestasional diabetes mellitus in mother is an important risk factor for developing fetal macrosomia. Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is 1.9% -3.6% of pregnancies in general. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is strongly related to the patient's race and culture. Prevalence rates are higher in black, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian women than in white women. This was an analytical study with a case control design by using medical records in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado period September 2012-2013. The results showed that there was no relationship between macrosomia with gestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for having a macrosomia baby. Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia are also widely available on the subjects include age > 35 years, obesity and multiparity.Keywords: macrosomia, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes melitusAbstrak: Diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG) pada ibu merupakan faktor risiko yang penting dalam perkembangan makrosomia fetus. DMG merupakan intoleransi karbohidrat dengan derajat yang bervariasi dengan onset atau diketahui pertama kali selama kehamilan berlangsung. Prevalensi DMG di Indonesia sebesar 1,9%-3,6% pada kehamilan umumnya. Prevalensi ini sangat berhubungan dengan ras dan etnis. Angka prevalensi lebih tinggi pada wanita negro, hispanik, native American, dan Asia dibandingkan dengan wanita kulit putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi analitik dengan desain studi kasus kontrol melalui rekam medik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode September 2012-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat kaitan antara makrosomia dengan DMG. DMG merupakan faktor resiko melahirkan bayi makrosomia. Faktor risiko DMG dan makrosomia juga banyak terdapat pada subjek antara lain usia >35 tahun, obesitas dan multiparitas.Kata kunci: makrosomia, DMG, diabetes melitus

Free State Slavery: Bound Indian Labor and Slave Trafficking in California's Sacramento Valley, 1850–1864

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Magliari
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
White Women ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Sacramento Valley ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Work

Although it outlawed chattel slavery, antebellum California permitted the virtual enslavement of Native Americans under the 1850 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. Drawing data from a rare and valuable cache of Indian indenture records at the Colusa County courthouse and interpreting them through the lens of Henry Bailey's candid pioneer memoir, this article offers a detailed case study of bound Native American labor and Indian slave trafficking in Northern California's Sacramento Valley. While never comprising a majority of the state's rural work force, bound Indian laborers proved essential to California's rise as a major agricultural producer. Compensating for the dearth of white women and children in male-dominated Gold Rush society and providing a vital alternative source of labor in an expensive free wage market, captive Indian farm hands and domestic servants enabled pioneer farm operations and communities to flourish throughout the formative 1850s and 1860s.

scholarly journals Differences in Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Patterns among 13 Race/Ethnic Groups in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumi Hoshiko ◽  
Michelle Pearl ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Kenneth Aldous ◽  
April Roeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
White Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Exposure Patterns

Prenatal tobacco exposure is a significant, preventable cause of childhood morbidity, yet little is known about exposure risks for many race/ethnic subpopulations. We studied active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a population-based cohort of 13 racially/ethnically diverse pregnant women: white, African American, Hispanic, Native American, including nine Asian/Pacific Islander subgroups: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Laotian, Samoan, and Asian Indians (N = 3329). Using the major nicotine metabolite, cotinine, as an objective biomarker, we analyzed mid-pregnancy serum from prenatal screening banked in 1999–2002 from Southern California in an effort to understand differences in tobacco exposure patterns by race/ethnicity, as well as provide a baseline for future work to assess secular changes and longer-term health outcomes. Prevalence of active smoking (based on age- and race-specific cotinine cutpoints) was highest among African American, Samoan, Native Americans and whites (6.8–14.1%); and lowest among Filipinos, Chinese, Vietnamese and Asian Indians (0.3–1.0%). ETS exposure among non-smokers was highest among African Americans and Samoans, followed by Cambodians, Native Americans, Vietnamese and Koreans, and lowest among Filipinos, Japanese, whites, and Chinese. At least 75% of women had detectable cotinine. While for most groups, levels of active smoking corresponded with levels of ETS, divergent patterns were also found. For example, smoking prevalence among white women was among the highest, but the group’s ETS exposure was low among non-smokers; while Vietnamese women were unlikely to be active smokers, they experienced relatively high ETS exposure. Knowledge of race/ethnic differences may be useful in assessing disparities in health outcomes and creating successful tobacco interventions.

scholarly journals Limited Evidence for Selection at the FADS Locus in Native American Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Selection Signal ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The FADS locus contains the genes FADS1 and FADS2 that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This locus appears to have been a repeated target of selection in human evolution, likely because dietary input of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids varied over time depending on environment and subsistence strategy. Several recent studies have identified selection at the FADS locus in Native American populations, interpreted as evidence for adaptation during or subsequent to the passage through Beringia. Here, we show that these signals are confounded by independent selection—postdating the split from Native Americans—in the European and, possibly, the East Asian populations used in the population branch statistic test. This is supported by direct evidence from ancient DNA that one of the putatively selected haplotypes was already common in Northern Eurasia at the time of the separation of Native American ancestors. An explanation for the present-day distribution of the haplotype that is more consistent with the data is that Native Americans retain the ancestral state of Paleolithic Eurasians. Another haplotype at the locus may reflect a secondary selection signal, although its functional impact is unknown.

scholarly journals Postadmixture Selection on Chileans Targets Haplotype Involved in Pigmentation, Thermogenesis and Immune Defense against Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Vicuña ◽  
Olga Klimenkova ◽  
Tomás Norambuena ◽  
Felipe I Martinez ◽  
Mario I Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Genomic ◽  
Genomic Studies

Abstract Detection of positive selection signatures in populations around the world is helping to uncover recent human evolutionary history as well as the genetic basis of diseases. Most human evolutionary genomic studies have been performed in European, African, and Asian populations. However, populations with Native American ancestry have been largely underrepresented. Here, we used a genome-wide local ancestry enrichment approach complemented with neutral simulations to identify postadmixture adaptations underwent by admixed Chileans through gene flow from Europeans into local Native Americans. The top significant hits (P = 2.4×10−7) are variants in a region on chromosome 12 comprising multiple regulatory elements. This region includes rs12821256, which regulates the expression of KITLG, a well-known gene involved in lighter hair and skin pigmentation in Europeans as well as in thermogenesis. Another variant from that region is associated with the long noncoding RNA RP11-13A1.1, which has been specifically involved in the innate immune response against infectious pathogens. Our results suggest that these genes were relevant for adaptation in Chileans following the Columbian exchange.

Native American sports mascots activate negative stereotypes about contemporary Native Americans

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Focella ◽  
Jessica Whitehead ◽  
Jeff Stone ◽  
Stephanie Fryberg ◽  
Rebecca Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Negative Stereotypes

Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
LaNada War Jack
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Third World ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

Indian Genocide – A Study Through The Works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Poonam Chourey
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Native People ◽  
The South ◽  
The People ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
Purpose Of Business ◽  
Wounded Knee ◽  
Shed Light

The research expounded the turmoil, uproar, anguish, pain, and agony faced by native Indians and Native Americans in the South Dakota region.  To explain the grief, pain and lamentation, this research studies the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lyn.  She laments for the people who died and also survived in the Wounded Knee Massacre.  The people at that time went through huge exploitation and tolerated the cruelty of American Federal government. This research brings out the unchangeable scenario of the Native Americans and Native Indians.  Mr. Padmanaban shed light on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn who was activist.  Mr. Padmanaban is very influenced with Elizabeth Cook-Lynn’s thoughts and works. She hails from Sioux Community, a Native American.  She was an outstanding and exceptional scholar.  She experienced the agony and pain faced by the native people.  The researcher, Mr. Padmanaban is concerned the sufferings, agony, pain faced by the South Dakota people at that time.  The researcher also is acknowledging the Indian freedom fighters who got India independence after over 200 years of sufferings.  The foreign nationals entered our country with the sole purpose of business.  Slowly and steadily the took over the reign of the country and ruled us for years, made all of us suffer a lot.

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