Beneficiary Pays

T oung Pao ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 385-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho-ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
New Order ◽  
General Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mise En Œuvre ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Deliberation ◽  
Beneficiary Pays ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Charge

This article focuses on the “beneficiary-pays principle” in hydraulic discourse and the process through which it was put into practice from the 1520s to the 1640s in the Lower Yangzi Delta. It investigates the roles of the hydraulic reformist elite and like-minded officials in the formation of the new hydraulic order. It also demonstrates that the implementation of the beneficiary-pays principle was instrumental in redefining the division of responsibility between the government and the people and in building a reciprocal connection between the pursuit of private gain and the fulfillment of the public good. Furthermore, it shows that after the general application of this principle became a shared view, the government and the people used it to solve disputes and defend their rights. The article concludes that the new order was not achieved solely by coercion – policy deliberation and persuasion were also significant in the realization of the beneficiary-pays principle.

Cet article s’intéresse au principe suivant lequel les travaux doivent être “à charge du bénéficiaire” dans le discours hydraulique et à la manière dont il a été mis en pratique dans le bas Yangzi des années 1520 aux années 1640. Le rôle de l’élite réformiste et des fonctionnaires partageant les mêmes idées dans le domaine de l’hydraulique est exa­miné. L’article démontre que la mise en œuvre du principe en question a été ­importante pour la redéfinition du partage des responsabilités entre le gouvernement et la population et pour la mise en place d’une relation de réciprocité entre la poursuite des intérêts privés et celle du bien public. Il montre aussi qu’une fois acceptée par tous, l’application généralisée du principe a servi au gouvernement et aux particuliers à résoudre leurs conflits et à défendre leurs droits. En conclusion, l’ordre nouveau ainsi mis en place n’a pas été le résultat de la seule contrainte: le débat et la persuasion ont tenu une place significative dans la réalisation du principe “à charge du bénéficiaire”.

scholarly journals Celebrity ‘Ulama’: Contiguity Religion and Popular Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Intan Kumalasari ◽  
Darliana Sormin ◽  
Muhammad Irsan Barus
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
New Order ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Public Sphere

Post-1998 is the spread of spiritualism discourse. The emergence of celebrity ‘ulama’ in Islamic expression of contemporary Indonesian treasury is one example of how popular culture with a set of ideologies taking advantage of the rise of Islam. Television became an agent of a culture to the people with his ability as a link between one culture with another culture. Televisions have unpacked the real with the imaginary. With television all things can be esthetizatied, the sacred and the profane into somersaults. Television media such strength finally gave birth to a new religious authority, called celebrities ‘ulama’. Factors caused by the emergence of celebrity ‘’ulama’ are sociological, which characterized by many people who prefer to watch the celebrity ‘ulama’ than watching Conventional Ulama. Then supported by sophisticated Tecnology Science, the stage, and commodification. This shows that Islam has been negotiating with the market and subsequently published widely in the public sphere as a form of freedom of expression in the new order in which the strength of the potential of Islam to be appreciated by the government. This can be described as a form of commodification of religion in the sense of religious values ​​commercialized for profit.

scholarly journals Aksi Unjuk Rasa (dan Radikalisme) serta Penanganannya dalam Alam ”Demokrasi” di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Tri Pranadji
Keyword(s):  
New Order ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Good Attitude

<strong>English</strong><br />Currently, almost every single ‘conflict’ in the society is followed by demonstration. It seems that the demonstration is a popular trend after the New Order era and more specifically such fenomenon has been reflected in the modern democracy life of the society.  Understanding about democracy is heavily depending on the eliteness maturity of someone (politic, economy, and government)  In the present ‘transitional situation’ and the absence of the ideal socio-culture-politic level, understanding about democracy will invite pros and cons among the concerned people. To express disagreement on certain public policies through demonstration could be accepted because it is in lione with “democracy”.  However, such protest along with anarchy actions and radicalism should create undesirable situation.affecting the public.  Traditionally, protest (by the people) which is responded wisely (by the government) has been long time exist within the old society (such as Java’s kingdom in the past, 16-19 century), long before the “westernization” of Indonesian community.  Coping with demonstration is no less than good attitude responses, and far from enemy impression.  Good communication and compromise based on respectful between the two sides will open an elegant solution and parallel with the constitution objectives. <br /><br />  <br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dewasa ini hampir setiap terjadi “perselisihan” di masyarakat diikuti dengan aksi unjuk rasa dari pihak yang merasa dikalahkan. Aksi unjuk rasa setelah tumbangnya Orde Baru seakan-akan telah menjadi hal yang trendy dan dinilai sebagai cerminan kehidupan peradaban masyarakat modern yang demokratis. Pemaknaan terhadap istilah demokrasi sangat tergantung pada kematangan elit (politik, ekonomi dan pemerintah) dalam memahami demokrasi. Dalam situasi “transisional” dan belum ditemukannya bentuk ideal tatanan sosio-budaya-politik sesuai amanat konstitusi pemaknaan terhadap istilah demokrasi akan mengundang pro dan kontra. Sebagai bagian dari ekpresi tidak setuju dan protes terhadap kebijakan publik, di satu sisi aksi unjuk rasa merupakan hal yang dapat diterima dan sejalan dengan tuntutan “demokrasi”; namun di sisi lain tidak jarang aksi ini diikuti dengan tindakan anarkhis dan radikalisme yang menimbulkan suasana mencekam di ruang publik. Aksi unjuk rasa secara santun (oleh rakyat) dan disikapi secara arif (oleh penguasa) telah dikenal dalam tatanan masyarakat tradisi (misalnya dalam masyarakat kerajaan di Jawa pada abad 16-19), jauh sebelum peradaban demokrasi barat (“westernisasi”) merasuki kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Penanganan aksi unjuk rasa yang baik adalah dengan dilandaskan pada sikap yang jauh dari saling bermusuhan, antara pengunjuk rasa dan sasaran atau yang menangani pengunjuk rasa. Melalui musyawarah yang dilandaskan pada sikap saling menghormati akan membuka jalan penyelesaian yang elegan (dan sejalan dengan tujuan konstitusi) terhadap aksi unjuk rasa.

scholarly journals An Essay on The Debate About Who Should Rule.

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1727-1732
Author(s):  
Somchai Saenphumi, Worachet Tho-un
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Majority Vote ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Happiness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Representative System

This article on the debate about who should rule? It discusses the diverse answers of influential political philosophers and political scientists. The study found that Plato argues that philosopher king should be the ruler. In contrast, people cannot take part in the Government. Rousseau supports the rule by the people who must be able to legislate. Furthermore, try to enforce it on yourself before leading to a majority vote. Aristotle believed that no one or any other group was a ruler but ruling it for the public good. While Mill believed that the representative system could create great happiness for the people, and it can be recalled. Finally, Sylvan argues that there was no need for a ruler. Because rulers bring war and exploitation, people can rely on themselves without their ruler to aim for utopia or an ideal society that should be inhabited. As a result, the representative system of the authors' view is the most appropriate form today. Because when a ruler is a tyrant, we can always recall power and choose a new ruler and create great happiness for people as well as possible.

scholarly journals Celebrity ‘Ulama’: Contiguity Religion and Popular Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-523
Author(s):  
Intan Kumalasari ◽  
Darliana Sormin ◽  
Muhammad Irsan Barus
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
New Order ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Public Sphere

Post-1998 is the spread of spiritualism discourse. The emergence of celebrity ‘ulama’ in Islamic expression of contemporary Indonesian treasury is one example of how popular culture with a set of ideologies taking advantage of the rise of Islam. Television became an agent of a culture to the people with his ability as a link between one culture with another culture. Televisions have unpacked the real with the imaginary. With television all things can be esthetizatied, the sacred and the profane into somersaults. Television media such strength finally gave birth to a new religious authority, called celebrities ‘ulama’. Factors caused by the emergence of celebrity ‘’ulama’ are sociological, which characterized by many people who prefer to watch the celebrity ‘ulama’ than watching Conventional Ulama. Then supported by sophisticated Tecnology Science, the stage, and commodification. This shows that Islam has been negotiating with the market and subsequently published widely in the public sphere as a form of freedom of expression in the new order in which the strength of the potential of Islam to be appreciated by the government. This can be described as a form of commodification of religion in the sense of religious values commercialized for profit. 

What Is the “Public Good” in a Pandemic? Who Decides?

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Diane M. Janosek
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Governments in liberal democracies, such as the U.S. and in Europe, derive their authority from the consent of the people and exist for the “public good.” This chapter explores the proper role of government in communicating information and in enacting public health measures to prevent the spread of infection during a pandemic. This chapter includes historical context and exemplars of government policy makers' dissemination of COVID-19 health information, both accurate and inaccurate ones. Government officials have a responsibility to promote and support public policy initiatives that balance public safety with individual rights and self-determination. In some cases, citizens did not trust the government initiatives nor the associated misinformation or lockdowns. People reacted by exercising their right to protest. This chapter highlights government actions that were not based on accurate information and contributed to its spread and an increase of cyberchondria across the population, demonstrating the public good may not have been well served.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

Normative Juridical Review Comparison of Land Acquisition Regulations for Railway Infrastructure between Indonesia and Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhina Setyo Oktaria ◽  
Agustinus Prasetyo Edi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Land acquisition for public purposes, including for the construction of railroad infrastructure, is a matter that is proposed by all countries in the world. The Indonesian government or the Malaysian royal government needs land for railroad infrastructure development. To realize this, a regulation was made that became the legal umbrella for the government or royal government. The people must agree to regulations that require it. Land acquisition for public use in Malaysia can be completed quickly in Indonesia. The influencing factor is the different perceptions of the understanding of what are in the public interest, history and legal systems of the two countries as well as the people's reaction from the two countries

The Right to Information in India Implementation and Impact

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
_______ Naveen ◽  
_____ Priti
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The Right to Information Act 2005 was passed by the UPA (United Progressive Alliance) Government with a sense of pride. It flaunted the Act as a milestone in India’s democratic journey. It is five years since the RTI was passed; the performance on the implementation frontis far from perfect. Consequently, the impact on the attitude, mindset and behaviour patterns of the public authorities and the people is not as it was expected to be. Most of the people are still not aware of their newly acquired power. Among those who are aware, a major chunk either does not know how to wield it or lacks the guts and gumption to invoke the RTI. A little more stimulation by the Government, NGOs and other enlightened and empowered citizens can augment the benefits of this Act manifold. RTI will help not only in mitigating corruption in public life but also in alleviating poverty- the two monstrous maladies of India.

Regulatory Administration: An Evolving and Neglected Area of Public Administration in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-702
Author(s):  
Yudhishthira Sapru ◽  
R.K. Sapru
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Control

In the current phase of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation, and now broadly governance, regulatory administration has acquired growing importance as an instrument of achieving socio-economic objectives. It is through instrumentality of regulatory administration that the government is able to exercise effective political and economic sovereignty and control over the country’s governance process and resources. Governments of nearly all developing countries have initiated policies and procedures to promote and strengthen regulatory bodies and agencies. However, the results of these promotional and regular activities have varied considerably, often reflecting large inadequacies in policies, organisational structures and procedures. Increasing emphasis is now being placed at the national level on a more flexible regulatory administration to enforce compliance with nationally established policies and requirements in various political, economic and social spheres. As a watchdog for the public interest, governments both at central and state levels should engage in activities for the promotion of social and economic justice, so as to ensure the happiness and prosperity of the people.

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