Thermoregulatory Behavior of the North American Lizards Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Anderson ◽  
Richard G. Bowker ◽  
Spencer Damschroder ◽  
Ann M. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sceloporus Undulatus ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Foraging Modes ◽  
Ambush Predators

AbstractThe patterns of thermoregulation of Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus were compared and related to their foraging modes. In nature, C. velox are widely foraging lizards and most individuals actively shuttled in the temperature enclosures to regulate Tb. Sceloporus undulatus are wait-and-ambush predators and were relatively inactive in the enclosures. The terms active and inactive thermoregulation were used to describe these categories of behavior. There were no intraspecific differences between active/ inactive individuals, either in choice of Tb or precision of regulation of Tb. Cnemidofihorus velox (Tb = 37.2 C) was more thermophilic than S. ursdulatus (Tb = 35.9 C), however, the other thermoregulatory attributes of the species were similar. Both species regulated Tb with equal precision and the between individual variability in Tb was essentially the same for the two species. The wave characteristics of the thermoregulation curves were similar in amplitude (a measure of precision), however, there were interspecific differences in period of the curve. Cnemidophorus velox shuttled more frequently in order to achieve the same precision as S. undulatus. Thermoregulation in two different temperature enclosures was compared, one a sun/shade enclosure, and the other an IR thermal gradient. Both species thermoregulated similarly in the two enclosures. Thus both species used the complex thermal environments with equal facility and no gradient specific characteristics were observed.

The Temperature Dependence of CO2 Production of the North American Lizards Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Anderson ◽  
Ann M. Sweet ◽  
Richard G. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Sceloporus Undulatus ◽  
The North ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activity Times

AbstractThe relationship of body temperature and resting CO2 production was examined for the lizards Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus. The CO2 production of both species was characterized by broad temperature ranges (30-38°C) in which no temperature dependence of CO2 production was observed. Also, both species showed considerable betwee individual variability. The metabolic rate of the widely foraging species, C. velox, is significantly higher than that of the wait-and-ambush species S. undulatus. However, this difference is eliminated when the size of the animals and activity times are considered; both species then have similar estimated average daily energy costs.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

HPLC Screening of Bioactives Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Hypericum Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gitea ◽  
Simona Vicas ◽  
Manuel Alexandru Gitea ◽  
Sebastian Nemeth ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Area ◽  
North Western ◽  
Hypericum Species ◽  
Biological Actions

Our study compares the content in polyphenolic compounds and hypericin, in four species of Hypericum - H. perforatum L., H. maculatum Cr., H. hirsutum L., H. tetrapterum Fr. (syn. Hypericumacutum Mnch.) harvested from spontaneous flora in the north-western area of Transylvania, Romania. These species represent an important source of such compounds with different biological actions. After making the extracts, they were subjected to HPLC-SM analysis. The presence of rutoside in the largest amount (462.82 mg %) in the H. perforatum extract was observed, this containing most of the flavonoid heterosides. For the species H. maculatum, the presence in a much higher amount of the hyperoside (976.36 mg %) is characteristic compared to the other species. Quercetol is the best represented of the flavonoid aglycons, its concentration being the highest in H. hirsutum (659.66 mg %). The hypericin content ranges from 0.2171 g % in the H. tetrapterum extract, to 0.0314 g % in the methanol extract of H. maculatum.The highest antioxidant properties measured by FRAP method were recorded in the case of H. perforatum and H. maculatum.

scholarly journals Effects of the Tibetan High and the North Pacific High on the Occurrence of Hot or Cool Summers in Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Atsushi Ugajin ◽  
Osamu Kiguchi ◽  
Yousuke Yamashita ◽  
Masashi Komine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Cool Summer ◽  
The North Pacific

In this study, we investigated the effects of the Tibetan High near the tropopause and the North Pacific High in the troposphere on occurrences of hot or cool summers in Japan. We first classified Japan into six regions and identified hot and cool summer years in these regions from a 38-year sample (1980–2017) based on the monthly air temperature. To investigate the features of circulation fields over Asia during hot and cool summers in Japan, we calculated the composite differences (hot summer years minus cool summer years) of several variables such as geopotential height, which indicated significant high-pressure anomalies in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. These results suggest that both the North Pacific and the Tibetan Highs tend to extend to Japan during hot summer years, while cool summers seem to be associated with the weakening of these highs. We found that extension of the Tibetan High to the Japanese mainland can lead to hot summers in Northern, Eastern, and Western Japan. On the other hand, hot summers in the Southwestern Islands may be due to extension of the Tibetan High to the south. Similarly, the latitudinal direction of extension of the North Pacific High is profoundly connected with the summer climate in respective regions.

scholarly journals Ground Reaction Forces of Dressage Horses Performing the Piaffe

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Mary Clayton ◽  
Sarah Jane Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Forces

The piaffe is an artificial, diagonally coordinated movement performed in the highest levels of dressage competition. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of horses performing the piaffe do not appear to have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three-dimensional GRFs in ridden dressage horses performing the piaffe. In-ground force plates were used to capture fore and hindlimb GRF data from seven well-trained dressage horses. Peak vertical GRF was significantly higher in forelimbs than in the hindlimbs (7.39 ± 0.99 N/kg vs. 6.41 ± 0.64 N/kg; p < 0.001) with vertical impulse showing a trend toward higher forelimb values. Peak longitudinal forces were small with no difference in the magnitude of braking or propulsive forces between fore and hindlimbs. Peak transverse forces were similar in magnitude to longitudinal forces and were mostly directed medially in the hindlimbs. Both the intra- and inter-individual variability of longitudinal and transverse GRFs were high (coefficient of variation 25–68%). Compared with the other diagonal gaits of dressage horses, the vertical GRF somewhat shifted toward the hindlimbs. The high step-to-step variability of the horizontal GRF components is thought to reflect the challenge of balancing on one diagonal pair of limbs with no forward momentum.

scholarly journals I.—Microscopic Structure of Irish Granites. No. 2. Granite of Aillemore, Co. Mayo

1874 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Edward Hull
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
South Side ◽  
North West ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Dark Green

This granite forms an isolated mass, rising into two eminences a few miles south of Louisburg, called Corvock Brack (1287 feet) and Knockaskeheen (1288 feet). It is a greyish granite—generally fine—grained—consisting of quartz, two felspars,—one orthoclase, the other triclinic, probably oligoclase—and dark green mica. In some places there are patches in which the felspar assumes the appearance of “graphic granite.” Numerous boulders of this granite are strewn over the district to the north-west, and on the south side of Knockaskeheen; the rock is traversed by regular joints ranging N. 10 W., along which it splits off into nearly vertical walls. The position of the granite is shown on Griffith's Geological Map of Ireland, and it is surrounded by schistose beds, generally metamorphosed, and probably of Lower Silurian age. The granite itself is of older date than the Upper Llandovery beds, which lie to the southward.

scholarly journals Courage and Cowardice in the North African Campaign: The Eighth Army and Defeat in the Summer of 1942

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fennell
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
North African ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eighth Army

High rates of desertion and surrender during the battles in North Africa in the summer of 1942 were a major factor in Eighth Army’s poor combat performance. At the time, some suggested that these problems were symptomatic of a lack of courage or even of cowardice. There are two broad strands to the conceptualization of courage and cowardice. One focuses on the willingness of the person to fight; the other puts emphasis on how actions express an individual’s ability to cope with fear. Whichever conceptualization is used, high morale motivates the soldier to fight and shields the ordinary recruit from his fear, preventing it from overcoming him in battle. Where morale fails, the soldier is left demotivated and burdened with his terror and, therefore, and is therefore prone to desertion or surrender. Because it is extremely difficult to maintain morale at a continuously high level in an environment governed by chance and managed by humans, all soldiers can find themselves in situations where their actions may be judged as cowardly. Alternatively, if they are properly motivated to fight and prepared by the state and military to deal with the unavoidable fear of combat, all soldiers can be labelled courageous. Accordingly, emotive terms should be avoided when attempting to describe rationally explainable outcomes. The undoubtedly negative connotations attached to cowardice in battle and the positive ones attached to courage are, therefore, arguably unhelpful in understanding Eighth Army’s performance in the summer of 1942 and the human dimension in warfare more generally.

A Review of the Morid Fish Genus Halargyreus with First Records from the Western North Atlantic

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Templeman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North Central ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
The North

Three specimens of Halargyreus johnsonii taken on the southwestern and southeastern slopes of the Grand Bank in 1959 and 1964 are apparently the first records of this species and genus from the western Atlantic. These specimens are compared with the holotypes of H. johnsonii Günther and of H. brevipes Vaillant and with the syntypes of H. affinis Collett and also with specimens identified as H. affinis from the north-central and northeast Atlantic and with specimens of H. johnsonii from Madeira and New Zealand. These three nominal species are also compared. Is it concluded that for the present all North Atlantic specimens may be referred to H. johnsonii and that the other two species names should be considered as junior synonyms of H. johnsonii.The New Zealand specimens of Halargyreus, described by Günther (1887, Challenger Rept., 22(Zoology), p. 1–268) as H. johnsonii, have higher numbers for some meristic characters than Atlantic specimens of H. johnsonii but these differences are not too great to be possibly due to environmental differences. Pending the study of additional specimens in better condition, these New Zealand specimens are tentatively allowed to remain as H. johnsonii.

Mineralogy and geochemistry of an Archean tuffaceous exhalite: the Main Contact Tuff, Millenbach mine area, Noranda, Quebec

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros I. Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Steven D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Metalliferous Sediment ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Variable Contribution ◽  
Rock Specimens ◽  
Kuroko Deposits

The Main Contact Tuff, in the vicinity of Millenbach mine, Noranda, Quebec, is an extensive, although discontinuous, ore-related volcanic exhalative metalliferous sediment, or "tuffaceous exhalite," of Archean age. It was formed by the variable contribution of two constituents: (1) exhalite (chemical) composed mainly of pyrite, quartz, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite and (2) tuff (clastic) composed of quartz, chlorite, and sericite.Tuffaceous exhalites such as the Main Contact Tuff and the similar tetsusekiei of the Japanese Kuroko deposits (Miocene age) indicate a fossil hydrothermal system that may or may not have produced economic concentrations of metallic sulfides. The Main Contact Tuff displays cryptic variations, which provide exploration guides at different scales: (1) the Fe/[Fe + Mg] ratios of chlorite decrease from 0.63 to 0.32 over a distance of 0.3 km approaching ore from the north, and from 0.72 to 0.32 over 1.5 km from the south; (2) the FeO/[FeO + MgO] (sulfide-free) ratios of whole-rock specimens decrease from about 0.8 to 0.3 approaching the ore; (3) ilmenite is replaced in the ore zone by rutile and (or) sphene; and (4) the most manganiferous ilmenite is found close to ore. On the other hand, trace elements of exhalative origin (e.g., Ag, Co) in the Main Contact Tuff appear not to provide useful vectors towards ore. They are concentrated relative to normal pelagic rocks, but their distributions with respect to ore are complicated by multiple input sources and postexhalative redistributions of elements.

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