Is a ‘Left Populism’ Possible?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Sotiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
The People ◽  
Populist Movements

Abstract This article deals with theories and political projects that can be defined as ‘left populism’. It begins with a reading and critique of the work of Ernesto Laclau on the theory of populism and then moves to recent debates about the possibility of left-populist movements. In contrast to these positions it attempts to present an alternative theoretical framework based on Gramscian notions, in order to rethink the notion of the people in ways that do not de-link it from class analysis and social relations of production.

Getting Real?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Norms

Chapter 3 engages with realist political theory throughcritical dialogues with leading realist theorists. It argues that realist political theories are much more susceptible to conservatism, distortion, and idealization than their proponents typically acknowledge. Realism is often not very realistic either in its descriptions of the world or in its political analysis. While realism enables the critical analysis of political norms (the analysis of power and unmasking of ideology), it cannot support substantive normative critique of existing social relations or enable prescriptive theorizing. These two types of critique must be integrated into a single theoretical framework to facilitate emancipatory social transformation.

An ‘Expanded’ Class Perspective: Bringing capitalism down to earth in the changing political lives of Adivasi workers in Kerala

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1334-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUISA STEUR
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
The People ◽  
Development State ◽  
Police Raid

AbstractFollowing the police raid on the ‘Muthanga’ land occupation by Adivasi (‘indigenous’) activists in Kerala, India, in February 2003, intense public debate erupted about the fate of Adivasis in this ‘model’ development state. Most commentators saw the land occupation either as the fight-back of Adivasis against their age-old colonization or the work of ‘external’ agitators. Capitalist restructuring and ‘globalization’ was generally seen as simply the latest chapter in the suffering of these Adivasis. Little focused attention was paid to the recent class trajectory of their lives under changing capitalist relations, the exact social processes under which they were having to make a living, and what had only recently—and still largely ambiguously—made them ready to identify themselves politically as ‘Adivasi’. Demonstrating the usefulness of ethnographic curiosity driven by an ‘expanded’ class analysis, as elaborated in Marxian anthropology, this article provides an alternative to the liberal-culturalist explanation of indigenism in Kerala. It argues instead that contemporary class processes—as experienced close to the skin by the people who decided to participate in the Muthanga struggle—were what shaped their decision to embrace indigenism.

Politics of Scale and Networks of Association in Public Participation GIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1961-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Politics Of Scale

The public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) research agenda has explored the issue of equitable access and use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data among traditionally marginalized citizens, in order to facilitate effective citizen participation in inner-city revitalization activities. However, prior research indicates that PPGIS is a complex process, with uneven outcomes. The author contends that such unevenness can be explained by use of a new theoretical framework drawn from the literature of politics of scale and networks. The author contends that the PPGIS process occurs in ‘spaces of dependence’, containing localized social relations and place-specific conditions. The politics of securing this space leads to the creation of ‘spaces of engagement’ at multiple scales. Within these spaces, networks of association evolve to connect multiple actors from public and private sectors with community organizations. Such networks can contain structural inequities, hierarchical dominance, and fluctuating resources. But these networks also transcend political boundaries and are dynamic and flexible, enabling individuals to manipulate and modify them. In trying to control the revitalization agendas and the material resources required, the actors and community organizations construct politics of scale. For some community organizations, such scalar politics and creative alliances with critical actors allow them to navigate territorially scaled networks of power skillfully in order to gain an effective voice in decisionmaking activities. But other community organizations lag behind, and are not able to form relationships in order to secure their urban space. By the use of new empirical data, coupled with a new theoretical framework, the author aims to contribute both to greater theorization and to better understanding of the uneven and contradictory nature of PPGIS processes.

scholarly journals ANTROPOLOGIENS HEMMELIGHED: Refleksioner over etnografens rolle i studiet af hemmelige ritualer

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kordt Højbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Object A ◽  
Scientific Object ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Object Of Study

Christian Kordt Højbjerg: The Secret of Anthropology. Reflections on the Ethnographer’s Role in the Study of Secret Rituals. The article gives an account of an apparently hopeless effort to study men’s secret association and its masked figure among the Loma in Guinea. The secret mask is purposely withheld during the ethnographer’s stay, and he is not allowed to assist in the meetings of the men’s society taking place in the sacred grove. However, the student possesses prior knowledge about the mask, and information from the meetings is transmitted constantly. Therefore, nothing is in faet held secret to the ethnographer, and the leaders of the men’s association seem to be aware of it. Still, secrecy is being practiced by the people chosen as the object of study. An essential aspect of secrecy is hereby revealed. Despite its emptiness, it is efficient in its patteming of social relations. The methodological point is that in anthropology, subjectivity can be a means to objectivity. Not by focusing too exelusively on the observing scientist, but rather in the sense that the staging of the ethnographic encounter by the anthropologist produces a miscalculation permitting an understanding of the scientific object. A sort of role inversion is taking place. The anthropologist realizes that he has become the victim of an illusion about the nature of secrecy, and that he has been subjected to the practice of secrecy. This lived experience leads to a concluding observation about the common but reversed strategies of staging inherent in secrecy and anthropology. While secrecy deliberately and inevitably reveals a part of itself in order to conceal, anthropology is on the contrary inevitably concealing reality when constructing its object. But just as secrecy implies concealment, anthropology is compelled to unmask reality, at least as a regulative principle, if it is not to lose its status as a scientific discipline.

scholarly journals Attitudes of employees about conflicts in the forestry sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Zoran Poduška ◽  
Vlado Čokeša ◽  
Ivana Živanović
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The People ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latent Phase

The paper presents the research results on conflicts in the forestry sector. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the belief that conflicts are a universal phenomenon. The basic constituents of conflicts are elements and aspects. The elements of conflicts are the substance, processes and relations between participants, which affect the social, cultural, institutional and economic aspects. They also include the aspect of natural resources, which is a feature of the forestry sector. Such a theoretical framework gave grounds for the analysis of employees' opinions about the type and significance and the stage in which the observed conflicts were. The opinions of the people employed in enterprises and organizations benefiting from state forests, protected areas and administrative state bodies in the forestry sector were collected through a survey. The data collected were processed using descriptive statistics. A lot of conflicting situations were identified and they were classified into 10 groups. The most serious one is the conflict between regular measures and works in the forest of nature protection. Nine participants were identified in these conflicts. It was found that some conflicts had been resolved, while some were in the latent phase, with the possibility to escalate.

scholarly journals SEJARAH DESA TALAGA BESAR KECAMATAN TALAGA RAYA KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH (1977-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dade Prat Untarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apa latar belakang terbentuknya Desa Talaga Besar Kecamatan Talaga Raya Kabupaten Buton Tengah? (2) Bagaimana berkembangan Desa Talaga Besar Kecamatan Talaga Raya Kabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 1977-2017? Metode sejarah tersebut adalah: (a) Pemilihan topik (b) Heuristik (Pengumpulan Data) (c) Verifikasi (Kritik Sejarah) (d) Interpretasi (e) Historiografi (kritik sejarah). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Desa Talaga Besar awalnya hanya dijadikan tempat untuk berkebun atau bercocok tanam, misalnya menanam jagung dan ubi kayu sebagai makanan pokok masyarakat setempat dan pada umumnya masyarakat Buton. Karena seiring berjalannya waktu dan peradaban serta jumlah penduduk semakin bertambah banyak. Pemerintah daerah berinisiatif memekarkan desa Talaga Besar menjadi desa definitif. Faktor-faktor yang mendukung terbentuknya Desa Talaga Besar ini ialah: (a) Adanya peranan pemimpin yang selalu memberikan motivasi kepada warga untuk aktif dalam setiap kegiatan yang sifatnya membangun. (b) Faktor pendukung diantaranya faktor geografis (wilayah), faktor demografi (penduduk), dan faktor ekonomi. (2) Perkembangan Desa Talaga Besar dalam bidang ekonomi, sebagian besar masyarakat Talaga Besar menggantungkan hidupnya di bidang pertanian dan perdagangan yang telah dilakukan dan dikembangkan secara turun temurun. Di bidang sosial, hubungan sosial kemasyarakatan antara warga Desa Talaga Besar cukup harmonis. Di bidang pendidikan, perkembangan pendidikan di Desa Talaga Besar pada khususnya dan Kecamatan Talaga Raya pada umumnya mengalami perkembangan pendidikan yang boleh dikatakan sudah cukup baik dan infrastruktur lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan keadaan sebelumnya. Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Desa, Talaga BesarABSTRACT: The main problems in this study are: (1) What is the background of the formation of Talaga Besar Village, Talaga Raya District, Buton Tengah Regency? (2) How did the development of Talaga Besar Village, Talaga Raya District, Buton Tengah Regecy Year 1977-2017? The historical methods are: (a) Selection of topics (b) Heuristics (Data Collection) (c) Verification (Historical Criticism) (d) Interpretation (e) Historiography (historical criticism). The results of this study indicate that: (1) Talaga Besar Village was originally only used as a place for gardening or farming, for example planting corn and cassava as a staple food for the local community and in general the Buton people. Because over time and civilization as well as the population increases. The regional government took the initiative to split the village of Talaga Besar into a definitive village. The factors that support the formation of the Talaga Besar Village are: (a) There is a role of leaders who always motivate citizens to be active in any constructive activity. (b) Supporting factors include geographical factors (region), demographic factors (population), and economic factors. (2) The development of Talaga Besar Village in the economic field, most of the Talaga Besar people depend their lives on agriculture and trade which have been carried out and developed for generations. In the social field, social relations between the people of Talaga Besar Village are quite harmonious. In the field of education, the development of education in the village of Talaga Besar in particular and the Talaga Raya sub-district in general experienced a development of education which was arguably quite good and the infrastructure was better when compared to the previous situation. Keywords: History, Village, Great Talaga

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift among Scheduled Caste in Jharkhand: A Study of Garhwa District

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ambrish Gautam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Socially Excluded

Status is a position provided to the person of the concern society based on societal norms, values and customary practices. It is further being divided into two parts, first one is the Ascribed status, and another is Achieved status. The ascribed status is assigned to a person by the group or society, whereas achieved status is earned by the individual through his/her personal attributes and is taken note of by the people in and around his/her location. It is also evident that in majority of the cases, the ascribed status always determines the nature and extent of the achieved status. The ascribed status of the Dalits contributes or hinders in the formation of their achieved status. It also includes their social interaction and social relations with non-Dalits in the exiting local level social structure. This status is being characterized and specified by the process of Sanskritization, social and religious reforms, and the constitutional provisions in the formation of achieved status of Dalits in their different strata of life. The social status is the convergent form of both the ascribed and achieved statuses of a person in each society or social structure. In every circumstance, one’s higher ascribed status always contributes positively to his or her higher achieved status. Conversely, lower the ascribed status, lower is the achieved status though this may be other way round in the exceptional case. Anyway, the symmetrical or linear relationship between the lower ascribed and achieved statuses gets more crystallized, if the person comes from a group which remains socially excluded forever. But due to the prospects of Independence, Education, Constitutional safeguards and Modernisation several kinds of changes occurred in the status of Dalit’s in the society. Through this paper, I have tried to identify the process of social status formation among Dalits in Jharkhand.

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift among Scheduled Caste in Jharkhand: A Study of Garhwa District

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ambrish Gautam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Socially Excluded

Status is a position provided to the person of the concern society based on societal norms, values and customary practices. It is further being divided into two parts, first one is the Ascribed status, and another is Achieved status. The ascribed status is assigned to a person by the group or society, whereas achieved status is earned by the individual through his/her personal attributes and is taken note of by the people in and around his/her location. It is also evident that in majority of the cases, the ascribed status always determines the nature and extent of the achieved status. The ascribed status of the Dalits contributes or hinders in the formation of their achieved status. It also includes their social interaction and social relations with non-Dalits in the exiting local level social structure. This status is being characterized and specified by the process of Sanskritization, social and religious reforms, and the constitutional provisions in the formation of achieved status of Dalits in their different strata of life. The social status is the convergent form of both the ascribed and achieved statuses of a person in each society or social structure. In every circumstance, one’s higher ascribed status always contributes positively to his or her higher achieved status. Conversely, lower the ascribed status, lower is the achieved status though this may be other way round in the exceptional case. Anyway, the symmetrical or linear relationship between the lower ascribed and achieved statuses gets more crystallized, if the person comes from a group which remains socially excluded forever. But due to the prospects of Independence, Education, Constitutional safeguards and Modernisation several kinds of changes occurred in the status of Dalit’s in the society. Through this paper, I have tried to identify the process of social status formation among Dalits in Jharkhand.

Populism and Identification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Panizza
Keyword(s):  
Political Order ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Political Identification ◽  
The People ◽  
Discursive Approach

This chapter discusses relations between populism, identity, and identification, defining populism as a mode of political identification that constructs and gives meaning to “the people” as a political actor. It critically adopts a discursive approach to populism represented, among others, by the works of Ernesto Laclau, as well as the socio-cultural approach of Pierre Ostiguy, in order to show how populist identities are created and how populist interventions shape politics differently in different political contexts. It argues that political identities are complex, relational, and incomplete, challenging binary classifications of political actors as either populists or not, and introducing the notion of populist interventions as a political appeal to be used alongside other political appeals. The notion of incomplete and permanently dislocated institutions is then used to show how populist interventions can be employed in highly institutionalized political settings to change the boundaries of what is sayable and hence doable in a given political order.

The 2012 Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) Anti-Subsidy Removal Strike Action and Its Implications for Development Communication

2017 ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Victor Olusegun Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

This chapter focused on the national strike organized by the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) at the dawn of the year 2012 to protest the removal of petroleum subsidy in Nigeria and it explored its implications for development communication. By using documentary research method, the study reviewed relevant literature and discussed the findings. In line with the theoretical framework on which the study is anchored, it observed that the media are powerful medium for carrying development messages to the grassroots. Besides, it also performs watchdog function so as to make the government responsible to the people and allow them to participate actively in the development processes. Therefore, the chapter recommends that government at all levels in Nigeria should ensure adequate participation of the people in the initiation, planning and execution of development projects and policies.

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