Elevated Serum Estradiol/Testosterone Ratio in Men with Primary Varicose Veins Compared with a Healthy Control Group

Angiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kendler ◽  
Ch. Blendinger ◽  
E. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Healthy Men

The role of sex hormones in men with varicose veins remains unclear. Therefore, we set up a prospective pilot-study. In 34 men, venous blood was sampled during morning hours, for the determination of serum estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrostendion, androstendion, and free testosterone (fT). Serum E2:fT ratio was calculated. The study protocol also included patient history, physical examination, color duplex ultrasound of both limbs, and assignment of CEAP clinical stage (C) classification. About 21 symptomatic varicose men (VM [C ≥ 2] mean age of 40.3/±6.9 years) and 13 healthy men (HM [C ≤ 1] mean age of 38.1/± 7.4 years) were analyzed. The serum E2:fT ratio (VM 2.83/± 0.79 and HM 2.32/±0.63) was significantly different ( P < .05) between the two groups. No major differences were seen on the serum levels of the sex hormones. In summary, our results demonstrate a changed serum E2:fT ratio among men with varicose veins compared to healthy men. By the fact of a small study sample, the interpretabillity of this result is limited.

Impact of elevated serum estradiol/free testosterone ratio on male varicose veins in a prospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Sedat Özcan ◽  
Dolunay Odabasi ◽  
Tolga Kurt ◽  
Ali Kemal Gür ◽  
Aysegul Kunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
A Prospective Study

TESTOSTERONE DECREASE AND OESTROGEN INCREASE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Kley ◽  
H. G. Solbach ◽  
J. C. McKinnan ◽  
H. L. Krüskemper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Patients

ABSTRACT The concentration of sex hormones and their binding in the plasma were measured in male patients (20–40 years old), who weighed 140–170 % (I), 170–200 % (II) and > 200 % (III) of their ideal weight. Correlated to body weight, there is a reduction in the total concentration of testosterone, which, in the very obese patients, amounts to 41 % (in group I: 85 % in group II: 68 % P < 0.001) of that found in an age-matched healthy control group of subjects of "normal" body weight (90–115 % of the ideal body weight; n: 20). Androstenedione values show only a trend downwards (from 0.94 to 0.72 ng/ml plasma), while the oestrogen values increase significantly; oestrone increases by a factor of 1.09 (I), 1.43 (II; P < 0.001) and 1.69 (III; P < 0.001) and oestradiol by 1.13, 1.43 P < 0.001) and 1.76 (P < 0.001), respectively. Despite the fall in testosterone there are no clinical signs of hypogonadism, as SHBG (from 5.1 ± 0.8 in the controls to 2.4 ± 0.6 ×10−8 Mol/l in the very obese patients of group III) and the protein-bound fraction of testosterone also decrease. As a result the concentration of free testosterone remains constant (120 pg/ml), except in the very obese (93 pg/ml). Because of the different affinity of the binding proteins for testosterone and oestradiol the ratio of free oestradiol: free testosterone shifts less strongly in favour of the feminizing hormone (11.1 × 10−3 in group III as compared to 4.1 × 10−3 in the controls), than is suggested by the total hormone concentrations. A disturbance in the gonadal function of the pituitary gland or the testes is not present, since the concentration of LH is normal and the testicular response to HCG in very obese patients adequate (increase of testosterone by a factor of 3.11 as compared to 2.23 in the controls). The cause of the decrease in testosterone and SHBG is unknown, while the increase of plasma oestrogens is likely to be due to the increased conversion of androgens to oestrogens in the adipose tissue, which clearly plays an important role for plasma concentrations of sex hormones in obese patients.

The role of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in venous insufficiency

Phlebologie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (06) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
T. H. Akay ◽  
B. Bastürk ◽  
S. Özkan ◽  
S. Aslamaci ◽  
E. Aslim
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Antigen Antibody

SummaryIt is a hypothesis that autoimmune factors directed against endothelial cells play a role in developing venous insufficiency. We investigated the association between anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) and the development of venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Patients, methods: 44 patients were evaluated with clinical examination and duplex ultrasound for diagnosing chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins and 120 healthy volunteers were assigned as the control group without evidence of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. All sera samples were analysed by using slides, each containing biochips coated with frozen sections of HUVEC (human umblical vein endothelial cells) and capillary-rich tissue such as skeletal muscle (Euroimmun, FB 1960–1005–2, Germany). If a positive reaction is obtained, specific antibodies of class IgA, IgG, IgM attach to the antigens. In a second step, the bound antibodies are stained with fluorescein labeled antihuman antibodies and visualised by fluorescence microscopy. Results: AECA was positive in 24 out of 44 patients (54.54%) and in 30 out of 120 volunteers (25%). We detected that anti HUVEC antibody occurred significantly more frequent in patients with chronic venous insufficiency or varicose veins: p = 0.0007, OR: 3.60 (1.65 < 7.92). Discussion: The presence of antibodies directed against the endothelial structure causes inflammatory cells of the immune system to move towards the location by both forming antigen-antibody complex and activating the complement system. Tissue damage may occur due to inflammation. In our study we have found a statistically significant relationship between antiendothelial cell antibodies and chronic venous insufficiency. Conclusion: Early diagnosis or prediction of venous insufficiency and/or varicose veins before the occurrence of symptoms may prevent the damage or even help to establish a prophylactic treatment.

scholarly journals Sex Hormones Levels in Male Welders in Nnewi, South-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
C. H. Udeogu ◽  
I. S. I. Ogbu ◽  
A. N. Mbachu ◽  
M. C. Ugwu ◽  
O. F. Odo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Welding Processes

Welding processes produce toxic fumes consisting of gaseous and aerosol by-products which pose a risk to the male reproductive systems. The rate of infertility has increased globally. This study therefore sought to assess the effects of welding fume inhalation on the sex hormones of welders in Nnewi. A site-by-site cross-sectional study of 45 welders (aged between 18 and 50 years) who were exposed to welding fumes (Test group) and 45 age-matched non-welders (Control group) was carried out. The ages of the Test and Control subjects, as well as the years of exposure of the Test subjects were obtained via questionnaire. A single non-fasting venous blood (about 5 mls) was collected from the ante-cubital space from the subjects via venipuncture between 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM. Serum was separated following clotting, and used for the investigation of the levels of male sex hormones: Testosterone (T), Progesterone (P), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) among welders. Sex hormones were assayed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results showed that Testosterone (2.45±0.34 ng/ml) was significantly lower (p<0.05) in welders when compared to controls (4.94±0.81 ng/ml) and significantly increased (p<0.05) levels of Progesterone (0.54±0.09 ng/ml) and LH (7.47±1.56 mIU/L) were found in welders compared with controls Progesterone (0.45±0.08 ng/ml) and LH (5.53±1.05 mIU/L). There was no significant difference in the levels of FSH of the test when compared with the controls. This finding of altered hormone levels indicates a likelihood of reduced reproductive outcome. Exposure to welding fume may therefore interfere with testicular functions leading to disordered reproductive performance, delayed conception, and reduced fertility.

scholarly journals Melatonin Levels in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared with Healthy Individuals according to Fibrosis Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Masoudreza Sohrabi ◽  
Ali Gholami ◽  
Mahsa Taheri ◽  
Sina Fekri ◽  
Bahare Amirkalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that melatonin, as a regulatory hormone, is effective in different cell protective pathways. We aimed to compare serum melatonin levels of patients with NAFLD with different stages of fibrosis with that of healthy individuals. METHODS In this cross-sectional study patients, aged >20 years with elevated serum liver enzymes and trance abdominal sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver who met the exclusion criteria for NAFLD were included. The participants were categorized into three groups as follows: 1) severe fibrosis (fibrosis > 9.1 kPa and steatosis > 285 dbm), 2) mild-moderate fibrosis (fibrosis: 6-9.0 kPa and steatosis 240-285), and 3) normal group with fibrosis < 5.8 kPa and steatosis < 240 dbm based on Fibroscan evaluation. Five ml of fasting venous blood was taken from each patient and the control group for laboratory assessment. A questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories (serum ALT, AST, triglyceride, total cholesterol and melatonin level), and clinical data was completed for all participants. RESULTS 97 people with a mean±SD age of 42.21 ± 11 years were enrolled. 59 (60.0%) patients were women. we observed that the melatonin levels were increased by advancing fibrosis. Based on control- attenuated parameter results the melatonin levels significantly differed between the healthy individuals and patients with severe steatosis. There was a direct association between increased melatonin levels and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION As a regulatory hormone, melatonin may directly be associated with liver cell injuries. Therefore, considered regulatory substances such as melatonin either diagnostic or therapeutic can improve the patients’ outcome.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF FLAXSEED CRACKERS IN AMELIORATING CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL HYPERANDROGENISM IN YOUNG ADULT SOUTH INDIAN WOMEN DIAGNOSED WITH PCOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-1- GCSGD_2020) ◽  
pp. S116-S124
Author(s):  
Jeyamani Divya Christodoss ◽  
◽  
Priya D John MD ◽  
Vasantha Esther Rani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
South Indian

Young women of reproductive age are more prone to hormonal/endocrine disorders, the most common being Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Research in different cultural contexts to enhance the physical, emotional, social, and reproductive health of women has been the focus of several scientific studies. High lignan foods reduce the bioavailability of free testosterone through increasing Sex hormone Binding globulin (SHBG) levels. A randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out among women of 20 - 25 years from a single on-campus hostel facility in Chennai, India based on the Rotterdam criteria of PCOS diagnosis. The results showed a statistically significant lower serum free testosterone concentrations (1.02 ± 0.428 ng/dl) in the flax group compared to the placebo (1.64 ± 0.504 ng/dl), after the study period. Similarly, it was noted that the lowered levels of Sex hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) were elevated to 15.22 ± 14.593 nmol/L as compared to only 9.64 ± 5.124 nmol/L in the placebo though not statistically significant, thus creating a promising platform for improving the imbalances in the hormone levels. Also, elevated serum insulin concentration was lowered in the flax group (15.67 ± 6.928 µU/mL) than the control group (19.09 ± 8.526 µU/mL). The FG score significantly reduced in the flax group thus alleviating the clinical manifestation of hirsutism. Lowering of free testosterone, serum insulin, and elevation of serum SHBG levels is attributed to the phytoestrogen (SDG) present in flaxseeds and can be an ideal alternate replacing the conventional drugs for PCOS.

scholarly journals Features of venous blood circulation and valve function in the lower extremities according to duplex scanning data and morphofunctional studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
I M Ignatyev ◽  
V V Evseeva ◽  
S Yu Ahunova ◽  
E G Gradusov
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Valve Function ◽  
Valvular Insufficiency

Aim. To study the mechanisms of venous return and the functioning features of lower extremity venous valves in horizontal and vertical positions. Methods. The study, conducted from April 2019 to December 2020, included 100 people. The study participants were divided into 2 groups. The first group was represented by 44 patients (88 limbs) with varicose veins, whose venous system was examined by duplex ultrasound scanning during inpatient rehabilitation. The second (control) group consisted of 56 healthy individuals (92 limbs) without visible signs of venous pathology who underwent an outpatient examination of the venous system. The average age of the patients in the two groups was 49.22.4 and 51.11 years, respectively; women predominated in both groups. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of venous blood flow were studied in the study. Venous valvular insufficiency was assessed by using reflux duration and the Psatakis index. A morphometric study was conducted on 140 limbs of 48 human corpses, from which venous fragments were taken for biomechanical studies of the valves. The clinical characteristics of patients are presented by descriptive statistics, quantitative parameters are reported as the mean value (M) and standard deviation (SD). The differences were tested for significance by using the Student's t-test. Results. In the study, we introduced the concept of the valve index, the aspect ratio of the ellipse, the shape of which has a venous valve in cross-section. Duplex ultrasound scanning, as well as a morphofunctional examination of the valves, made it possible to establish that the valve index is significantly higher in the presence of signs of varicose veins, which indicates dilation and incipient varicose vein, which leads to valvular insufficiency. The elasticity index defined by us, as the indicator of change in the venous lumen size, measured by the ratio of its diameters, also significantly (p=0.034) differed in the studied groups: the elasticity index in the group of healthy people was 1.370.11, in the group of patients with varicose veins 1.560.17. The studied factors allowed us to develop a test that has an important prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins as well as the implementation of preventive health measures. Conclusion. The features of venous blood circulation and valve function studied in the study not only have prognostic value for the early diagnosis of varicose veins but are also of practical interest for developing methods of surgical correction of venous valvular insufficiency.

The method for determining the degree of venous pathology depending on the index of erythrocytes deformability

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
L. N. Komarova ◽  
◽  
K. U. Nabiyeva ◽  
M. A. Kisileva ◽  
N. V. Bruvskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Deformability Of Erythrocytes

Aim. To study the ability of erythrocytes to deformability in patients with chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities. Materials and methods. From March to July 2019, we conducted a study of the deformability of erythrocytes in 271 railway workers using the method of laser diffractometry. The study of blood samples was carried out at the Department of Human and Animal Anatomy and Physiology of the Institute of Biology. At the same time, there were 182 people with varicose veins of the lower extremities, which was confirmed by the data of ultrasound angioscanning of the veins. Results. Studying the deformability of red blood cells of venous blood in patients with chronic venous disease of the lower extremities, we have identified certain patterns. With the increase in the clinical stage (form) of the disease of varicose veins of the lower extremities, the deformability of erythrocytes decreases, the deterioration of blood parameters is determined, which is confirmed by the data of a small coagulogram and a general blood test. The deformability index in the range from 0.12 to 0.42 indicates a violation of venous outflow in the subcutaneous venous system of the lower extremities, the deformability index from 0.42 and above indicates the presence of a thrombotic process in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Conclusion. With an increase in the erythrocyte deformability index, venous insufficiency increases, and venous outflow worsens. The higher the severity of the disease (clinical form C4-6), the lower the deformability of erythrocytes. In patients with VBLK, as the disease progresses, there is a decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes (i. e., in patients with the clinical form according to CEAP C2-3, the deformability is higher than in C3-4; in patients with C3-4, it is higher than in С4-5 … etc.).

Can Cytokines be used as an Activation Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Öner Kaya ◽  
Yeşim Ceylaner ◽  
Belkız Öngen İpek ◽  
Zeynep Güneş Özünal ◽  
Gülbüz Sezgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Tnf Α

Aims: The etiopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is not clearly understood. However, the role of the cytokines takes an important part in this mechanism. We aimed to bring a new approach to the concept of 'remission' in patients with RA. Background: RA is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease that involves small joints in the form of symmetrical polyarthritis and progresses with exacerbations and remissions. Pain, swelling, tenderness and morning stiffness are typical of the joints involved. Although it is approached as a primary joint disease, a wide variety of extra-articular involvements may also occur. It is an interesting pathophysiological process, the exact cause of which is still unknown, with many environmental, genetic and potentially undiscovered possible factors in a chaotic manner. Objective: In this cross-sectional study, sedimentation rate (ESR), C- Reactive protein (CRP), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble-TNF-α receptor (TNF-R), Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-10 were measured in three groups which were healthy volunteers, patients with RA in the active period, and patients with RA in remission. Disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) was calculated in active RA and RA in remission. Methods: This study included 20 healthy volunteers, 20 remission patients with RA and 20 active RA patients. Venous blood samples were collected from patients in both healthy and RA groups. Results: RA group consisted 43 (71.6%) female and 17 (28.4%) male. Control group consisted 11 (55%) female and 9 (45%) male. TNF-R was significantly high only in the active group according to the healthy group (p=0.002). IL-10 was significantly high in active RA according to RA in remission (p=0.03). DAS-28 was significantly high in active RA according to RA in remission (p=0.001). In the active RA group, ESR and TNF-R had a positive correlation (r:0.442; p=0.048). In the active RA group, there was also a positive correlation between TNF-R and CRP (r:0.621; p=0,003). Both healthy and active RA group had significant positive correlation between ESR and CRP (r: 0.481; p=0.032 and r: 0,697; p=0,001 respectively). Conclusion: TNF-R can be the main pathophysiological factor and a marker showing activation. TNF-R can be very important in revealing the effect of TNF on the disease and the value of this effect in the treatment and ensuring the follow-up of the disease with CRP instead of ESR in activation.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Morphological, Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽  
Aneta Teległów ◽  
Justyna Adamiak ◽  
Jacek Głodzik ◽  
Szymon Podsiadło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Rheological Indices ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to examine and assess the impact of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatments on the biochemical and rheological indices of blood in people with multiple sclerosis. In this prospective controlled study, the experimental group consisted of 15 women aged 34–55 (mean age, 41.53 ± 6.98 years) with diagnosed multiple sclerosis who underwent a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The first control group consisted of 20 women with diagnosed multiple sclerosis. This group had no intervention in the form of whole-body cryotherapy. The second control group consisted of 15 women aged 30–49 years (mean age, 38.47 ± 6.0 years) without neurological diseases and other chronic diseases who also underwent the whole-body cryotherapy treatment. For the analysis of the blood indices, venous blood was taken twice (first, on the day of initiation of whole-body cryotherapy treatments and, second, after a series of 20 cryotherapy treatments). The blood counts were determined using an ABX MICROS 60 hematological analyzer (USA). The LORCA analyzer (Laser–Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer, RR Mechatronics, the Netherlands) was used to study the aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes. The total protein serum measurement was performed using a Cobas 6000 analyzer, Roche and a Proteinogram-Minicap Sebia analyzer. Fibrinogen determinations were made using a Bio-Ksel, Chrom-7 camera. Statistically significant differences and changes after WBC in the levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), elongation index, total extend of aggregation (AMP), and proteins (including fibrinogen) were observed. However, there was no significant effect of a series of 20 WBC treatments on changes in blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry in women with multiple sclerosis. Our results show that the use of WBC has a positive effect on the rheological properties of the blood of healthy women.

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