scholarly journals Preventing and combating hate crimes: Modern approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Jelena Groma
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Police Presence

A sufficient body of research, originally American and British, as well as practice has been accumulated in the last decades in the field of hate crime. Modern understanding of the issue distinguishes multinational and global character of the harm appearing due to hate crime, thus setting up topicality of this crucial problem. This paper is aimed at description of measures of effective prevention of hate crime and general considerations for an effective strategy of hate crime prevention and combating proposed by well recognized specialists in the field, mentioning prioritizing the response to hate crime within the police department, establishing multi-agency task forces, training police officers, responding to hate-crime victims’ needs, increasing police presence and attention in high-risk neighbourhoods, monitoring hate groups and tracking hate incidents, reaching out to minority communities, engaging educational institutions and the mass media. Reporting on recent development of Latvian Criminal Law regulation related to hate crime author sets up some specific problematic issues and discusses solution options.

An Examination of Police Officers’ Insights Into Problem Identification and Problem Solving

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Bichler ◽  
Larry Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Police Presence

Problem solving begins with problem identification. Conventional knowledge suggests that because patrol officers work specific geographical areas (beats) on a fairly constant basis, they come to see where the problems exist; thus, police experience alone can be relied on to identify crime problems. However, few have examined whether officers are effective in identifying problems in their areas. This research examined the consistency of officer problem identification across focus groups for an entire police department in terms of the kinds of problems identified, the location of problems, and the suggested responses. Although there was little consistency across focus groups, officers were able to identify specific sites or properties thought to generate high levels of disorder-related calls. Solutions to crime problems tended to involve increased police presence for complex problems affecting areas and crime prevention for specific sites facing single-crime problems.

To Help “La Gente”: Examining Helping People as a Motivation for Becoming an Officer in the Los Angeles Police Department Among Male Mexican American Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-463
Author(s):  
Roberto Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Los Angeles Police Department ◽  
Perception Of Police ◽  
American Police

The most commonly declared motivation for pursuing a career in law enforcement is helping people. As part of a study focusing on male Mexican American police officers in the Los Angeles Police Department, data were collected on initial motivations of police officers. The data reveal that a significant motivation for respondents was not only helping people but specifically helping minority communities receive improved services. This motivation stems from their interactions and perception of police while growing up in minority communities. Based on the findings, this article concludes with a call for a more grounded approach to research on Latinos in law enforcement.

scholarly journals Aspects of firearms training of road traffic police officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Vitalii Feliksovich Gol'chevskii
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Internal Affairs

The research subject is social relations in the field of the development of basic skills of road traffic police officers of Russia in using firearms during operations and for stopping drivers attempting to escape from the crime scene. The research object is the formation and development of firearms using skills of internal affairs officers during the professional training of middle and major commanders enrolled in internal affairs bodies of Russia. The topicality of the research is determined by the tasks of improvement of professional training of specialists in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and ensuring personal safety of internal affairs officers and the safety of civilians during operative actions. The research contains the analysis of use of service weapons by police officers during operative actions. Based on the example of apprehension of a vehicle, the author analyzes the effectiveness of use of service weapons by road traffic police officers. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the use of service weapons by police officers, and experiments. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the following: a) the analysis of statistical data of the use of service weapons by internal affairs officers; b) the task to organize a comprehensive firearms training of internal affairs officers; c) the list of measures aimed at the improvement of firearms training of internal affairs officers. In conclusion, the author substantiates the necessity to improve the basic professional training program in terms of raising the effectiveness of firearms training of internal affairs officers. The analysis of the use of service weapons by road traffic police officers, as well as experiments, prove the importance of the research in the field of public safety protection and effective prevention of criminal offences by police officers with the help of service weapons.   

Whistle Blowing in The Police Sector: The Importance of Control Behaviour Factor and Professional Commitment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Raja Adri Satriawan Surya ◽  
Arumega Zarefar ◽  
Nanda Fito Mela
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Behaviour Factor ◽  
Finance Department ◽  
Control Behaviour ◽  
Whistleblowing Intention

Objective - This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived behaviour control and professional commitment to the interest of doing whistleblowing. This research was conducted at the police department in Riau province. Methodology/Technique - The sample in this study was taken by using the method of data collection is called purposive sampling. The samples used in this research were 90 respondents which were all police officers working in the finance department. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Findings - The results showed that perceived behaviour control affects the interests do whistle blowing. Secondly, professional commitments do affect the interest of whistle blowing. Novelty - The research contributes to the related literature with its original data. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Police Sector; Perceived Behaviour Control; Professional Commitment; Whistleblowing Intention and SPSS. JEL Classification: J53, M41, M54.

scholarly journals Revised findings for "Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Tom Tyler ◽  
Andrew V Papachristos ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Chicago Police Department ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Chicago Police

Wood et al. (2020) studied the rollout of a procedural justice training program in the Chicago Police Department and found large and statistically significant impacts on complaints and sustained complaints against police officers and police use of force. This document describes a subtle statistical problem that led the magnitude of those estimates to be inflated. We then re-analyze the data using a methodology that corrects for this problem. The re-analysis provides less strong conclusions about the effectiveness of the training than the original study: although the point estimates for most outcomes and specifications are negative and of a meaningful magnitude, the confidence intervals typically include zero or very small effects. On the whole, we interpret the data as providing suggestive evidence that procedural justice training reduced the use of force, but no statistically significant evidence for a reduction in complaints or sustained complaints.

scholarly journals Aggressive Policing and the Educational Performance of Minority Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joscha Legewie ◽  
Jeffrey Fagan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of minority youth experience contact with the criminal justice system. But how does the expansion of police presence in poor urban communities affect educational outcomes? Previous research points at multiple mechanisms with opposing effects. This article presents the first causal evidence of the impact of aggressive policing on minority youths’ educational performance. Under Operation Impact, the New York Police Department (NYPD) saturated high-crime areas with additional police officers with the mission to engage in aggressive, order-maintenance policing. To estimate the effect of this policing program, we use administrative data from more than 250,000 adolescents age 9 to 15 and a difference-in-differences approach based on variation in the timing of police surges across neighborhoods. We find that exposure to police surges significantly reduced test scores for African American boys, consistent with their greater exposure to policing. The size of the effect increases with age, but there is no discernible effect for African American girls and Hispanic students. Aggressive policing can thus lower educational performance for some minority groups. These findings provide evidence that the consequences of policing extend into key domains of social life, with implications for the educational trajectories of minority youth and social inequality more broadly.

scholarly journals Police subculture and the influence of machismo on women's position in the police

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-435
Author(s):  
Dane Subošić ◽  
Milena Vranešević
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Show

The aim of this research was to establish the position of women in the police force regarding the fact that this profession is traditionally considered to be a male working environment, in which it is easy to discern the presence of "machismo". With that in mind, it was necessary to explore the attitudes, values and convictions among the members of the police force, who are a part of the police subculture. For that purpose 90 police officers - male and female, were interviewed in the Police Department in Sremska Mitrovica. The results of the empirical research show that there is an improvement in the field of integration of women in the police force. However, there are still significant differences between male and female respondents when it comes to the comprehension of the competence of women for the police work.

Shift work and overtime across a career in law enforcement: a 15-year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Riedy ◽  
Desta Fekedulegn ◽  
Bryan Vila ◽  
Michael Andrew ◽  
John M. Violanti
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Work Hours

PurposeTo characterize changes in work hours across a career in law enforcement.Design/methodology/approachN = 113 police officers enrolled in the BCOPS cohort were studied. The police officers started their careers in law enforcement between 1994 and 2001 at a mid-sized, unionized police department in northwestern New York and continued to work at this police department for at least 15 years. Day-by-day work history records were obtained from the payroll department. Work hours, leave hours and other pay types were summarized for each calendar year across their first 15 years of employment. Linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept over subject were used to determine if there were significant changes in pay types over time.FindingsA total of 1,617 individual-years of data were analyzed. As the police officers gained seniority at the department, they worked fewer hours and fewer night shifts. Total paid hours did not significantly change due to seniority-based increases in vacation time. Night shift work was increasingly in the form of overtime as officers gained seniority. Overtime was more prevalent at the beginning of a career and after a promotion from police officer to detective.Originality/valueShiftwork and long work hours have negative effects on sleep and increase the likelihood of on-duty fatigue and performance impairment. The results suggest that there are different points within a career in law enforcement where issues surrounding shiftwork and long work hours may be more prevalent. This has important implications for predicting fatigue, developing effective countermeasures and measuring fatigue-related costs.

Polizeikulturelle Rahmungen von gesundheitlicher Arbeitsbelastung: eine qualitativ-empirische Annäherung

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Author(s):  
Josephine Jellen
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Transformation Processes

Zusammenfassung In meinem Beitrag gehe ich der Frage nach, wie Polizist*innen gesundheit­lichen Belastungen im Allgemeinen und im Zuge der Fluchtbewegung 2015 im Speziellen deutend begegnen. Dabei befasse ich mich mit den sozialen und polizeikulturellen Überformungen des Themas Arbeitsbelastung von Polizist*innen. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass polizeiliche Belastungen im Zuge von gesellschaftlichen Umbruchsphasen dazu führen, dass die Behörde sekundäre Gewinne (z.B. Anerkennung, aber auch personelle und andere Ressourcen) erlangt. Die Polizei als Institution geht gestärkt aus gesellschaftlichen Phasen des Umbruchs hervor, während die einzelnen Beamt*innen die gesundheitlichen Belastungen spätmoderner Gesellschaften im beruflichen Alltag aushalten müssen. So entwickeln Polizist*innen zur Überbrückung dieser Ambivalenzen eigene Sinnkonstruktionen oder wählen kurz- bis mittelfristige Ausstiegsstrategien aus dem beruflichen Alltag. Abstract: How Do Police Offices Frame Health-Related Stress? – A Qualitative-Empirical Approach In the article, I explore how police officers interpret health-related stress and discuss social and cultural framing processes. The special focus of my analysis lies on the time of the refugee movement in 2015. The findings show that workloads for police officers, that arise during social transformation processes such as the refugee movement, result in an achievement of secondary gains on the side of the institution, in this case the police department (recognition, but also personnel and other resources). While social transformation processes strengthen the institution, the individual police officers have to endure the ambivalences of late-modern societies in their everyday professional lives. In order to cope with this workload, they develop their own constructions of meaning or choose short- to medium-term exit strategies from their everyday professional lives.

Cue the Counterprotesters— Stage Left

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Smolla
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
National Movements

This chapter discusses the Charlottesville Police Department that prepared for the July 8 rally led by Christopher Barker by gathering intelligence on the groups expected to protest against the Klan. It describes the police department's intelligence gathering, which included harvesting what was openly available on the internet, and interviews by Charlottesville police officers of groups and individuals that are likely to stage counterprotests. It also details how the police tactic backfired after democratic groups accused the police of engaging in an intimidation tactic intended to curtail leftist speech and expressive conduct. The chapter looks into the Antifa and Black Lives Matter national movements as the counterprotest groups planning to oppose the Klan rally. It explains that Antifa is a conglomeration of groups opposed to fascism, while the Black Lives Matter movement arose in reaction to incidents of unjust killings and beatings of African Americans by police.

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