India's Agricultural Exports

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Goyal ◽  
R.N. Pandey ◽  
J.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
The World ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Coffee Oil ◽  
Manufactured Exports

The composition of Indian exports indicated the rising share of manufactured exports and the decline of agricultural exports. Of the various agricultural & allied items, tea & mate, cashew kernels, spices and coffee were the dominant exportable items during 1970s but their share later on had declined. Further it was found that during the nineties, marine products, oil cakes, rice, fruits, etc. have potential for export earnings. The total agricultural exports increased at the annual compound growth rate of about 25 per cent during 1991-98. The compound growth rate of all the agricultural and allied items except tea & mate and sugar & honey were higher during nineties (1991-98) than in seventies and eighties. During this period (1991-98), coffee, oil cakes, tobacco, raw cotton, rice, spices and fish & products exhibited high volatility in exports. The share of our agricultural exports in world exports although is very low but is increasing over the years. For competing with other countries and, therefore, to raise its share in the world exports, sustained high rate of growth of Indian exports is of paramount importance. The prospects for increasing agricultural exports have improved after the liberalisation.

Trends in Production and Export of Major Fruits in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 462-467
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Instability Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
High Production

The study explores the trends in the export of major fruits, namely, apple, banana, grapes, and mangoes from India during 1999- 2000 to 2017-18. The secondary data on area, production, export quantity, and export value were collected from APEDA and NHB to achieve the objectives of the study. The data were analysed using the tools such as percentages, compound growth rates, and Cuddy- Della Valle instability index. The results indicated that selected fruits form 62.79 percent share of the total world fruit area and 72.41 percent share of total fruit production of the World. Although India has a vast production base yet, it exports less than one percent share of the production of major fruits like apple, banana, and grapes. However, the share of export in mango production is quite promising. The growth rates in the production of selected fruits were positive and higher than the growth rate of production of the world. Interestingly, the fruits with high production growth, such as bananas and grapes, had stable exports, whereas apple and mango showed moderate production growth and high volatility in exports.

Growth Rate and Recovery of a King Penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Population after Exploitation

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Rounsevell ◽  
GR Copson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
King Penguin ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Aptenodytes Patagonicus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The World

Counts of king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus. in a colony at Lusitania Bay, Macquarie I. (54�30'S.,158�55'E.) have demonstrated a 78-fold increase in the number of chicks produced annually between 1930 and 1980. The observed rate of growth of chick production in the colony (r = 0.097) was constant over that period. The minimum estimated size of the population increased from 3400 birds in 1930 to 218 000 birds in 1980, after the original population was decimated in the nineteenth century. The colony now supports the third largest population of king penguins in the world and contains at least 70 000 breeding pairs and possibly as many as 100 000 breeding pairs. The site of the colony has been fully reoccupied, probably since 1975 when a second, new colony began to form elsewhere on the island.

Physiological Effects of Sucrose Substitutes and Artificial Sweeteners on Growth Pattern and Acid Production of Glucose-Grown Streptococcus mutans Strains in vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald A. B. Linke ◽  
Catherine A. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Glucose Fermentation ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Moderate Growth

Abstract The synergistic effects of four sucrose substitutes, polysorbate and five artificial sweeteners were studied in vitro on growth pattern and acid production of seven glucose-grown Streptococcus mutans strains, representing the five serological groups after Bratthall. Four distinct growth pat­ terns during glucose fermentation were observed: high rate of growth with low acid production, moderate growth rate with moderate acid production, moderate growth rate with high acid pro­duction, and slow rate of growth with moderate acid production. Depending on the strain used, the final OD at 546 nm ranged from 0.55 to 0.99 and the final pH of the medium varied between 4.65 and 4.15. While added sucrose substitutes, with exceptions, usually enhanced growth rate, most artificial sweeteners suppressed or, at higher concentrations, even inhibited growth of S. mutans-, addition of polysorbate to the medium always increased growth rate of S. mutans significantly. The presence of sucrose substitutes during glucose fermentation had no effect on final pH of the medium, but addition of artificial sweeteners, especially sodium saccharin, elevated final pH up to 1.8 units. The observed physiological patterns and differences within the several strains of S. mutans during glucose fermentation in vitro do not necessarily relate to the five serological groups of the species.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE ASSORTMENT AND RANGES OF APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES IN THE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE FROM 2015 TO 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
I.V. Tkachenko ◽  
A.M. Antonenko ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
The Eu

Relevance. Ukraine actively exports its agricultural products to the markets of Europe and the world. The growth rate of agricultural exports from Ukraine to the EU in May 2019 was 49.9%. Objective was to analyze and hygienically evaluate changes in the assortment and ranges of pesticide application in Ukrainian agriculture over the last 5 years (from 2015 to 2019). Materials and methods. The object of our research was changes in the assortment and ranges of pesticide application in Ukrainian agriculture from 2015 to 2019. Growth and growth rates were calculated. Results. Herbicides are leaders among the pesticides authorized for use in Ukraine: in 2019 their fraction was 56 % of the total (321 formulations). The following in number are fungicides: in 2019 – 25 % (147 formulations); and in third place are insecticides and acaricides: 19 % (107 formulations). Most of all classes’ pesticides are monoformulations. Their growth rate from 2015 to 2019 was 93 %, increasing rate - 52%. In second place - combined formulations with two active substances: their number during 2015-2019 increased by 42%. For pesticides with three active substances, the growth rate from 2015 to 2019 was 145%. Also in 2017 there were herbicide formulations with four active substances, but their number is insignificant: in 2017 – 2, in 2019 – 3 formulations. Conclusion. It was found that in the period from 2015 to 2019, the increase of all chemical plant protection products was 47%. The tendency towards an increase in different classes of pesticides does not change significantly every year and the leaders among them are herbicides, second place is occupied by fungicides and third – by insecticides and acaricides. Pesticides with one active substance (monoformulations) predominate.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1985 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The World

The increase in GDP in the OECD area last year is now put at 4 1/2 per cent. A relatively high rate of growth seems to have been maintained up to the end of the year.

Changing Composition and Growth Performance of Services Sector in India after Liberalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 432-436
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
World Market ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
State Economy ◽  
The World

This present study makes an analysis of changing contribution of sub-sector and composition and growth performance in Indian economy. In addition to that, the contribution of sub-sector of service sector in state economy. The results revealed that the growth rate of Chandigarh was high due to providing especial emphasis on dominating sub-sectors of services and its most preferred destination for technology whereas, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh due to geographical and environmental conditions development were higher in floriculture and agriculture, although, tourism emerged as a new profession and have different opportunities. Apart of that, in the wake of some challenges in the form of lack of infrastructure, recent crisis in the world market, foreign direct investment (FDI) restrictions and outsourcing backlash were major limiting factor.

scholarly journals Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Jiri Patocka ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Patrik Oleksak ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Martin Valis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The World

Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic with enormous consequences for human health and the world economy. Remdesivir is the only drug in the world that has been approved for the treating of COVID-19. This drug, as well as vaccination, still has uncertain effectiveness. Drug repurposing could be a promising strategy how to find an appropriate molecule: rapamycin could be one of them. The authors performed a systematic literature review of available studies on the research describing rapamycin in association with COVID-19 infection. Only peer-reviewed English-written articles from the world’s acknowledged databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer and Scopus were involved. Five articles were eventually included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that rapamycin seems to be a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. In addition, it may represent a better candidate for COVID-19 therapy than commonly tested antivirals. It is also likely that its efficiency will not be reduced by the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

A population birth-and-mutation process, I: explicit distributions for the number of mutants in an old culture of bacteria

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Mandelbrot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Mutation Process ◽  
Limit Condition ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
First Time

Luria and Delbrück (1943) have observed that, in old cultures of bacteria that have mutated at random, the distribution of the number of mutants is extremely long-tailed. In this note, this distribution will be derived (for the first time) exactly and explicitly. The rates of mutation will be allowed to be either positive or infinitesimal, and the rate of growth for mutants will be allowed to be either equal, greater or smaller than for non-mutants. Under the realistic limit condition of a very low mutation rate, the number of mutants is shown to be a stable-Lévy (sometimes called “Pareto Lévy”) random variable, of maximum skewness ß, whose exponent α is essentially the ratio of the growth rates of non-mutants and of mutants. Thus, the probability of the number of mutants exceeding the very large value m is proportional to m –α–1 (a behavior sometimes referred to as “asymptotically Paretian” or “hyperbolic”). The unequal growth rate cases α ≠ 1 are solved for the first time. In the α = 1 case, a result of Lea and Coulson is rederived, interpreted, and generalized. Various paradoxes involving divergent moments that were encountered in earlier approaches are either absent or fully explainable. The mathematical techniques used being standard, they will not be described in detail, so this note will be primarily a collection of results. However, the justification for deriving them lies in their use in biology, and the mathematically unexperienced biologists may be unfamiliar with the tools used. They may wish for more details of calculations, more explanations and Figures. To satisfy their needs, a report available from the author upon request has been prepared. It will be referred to as Part II.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

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