Collective Bargaining and New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act: One Year On

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Harbridge ◽  
James Moulder
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Working Time ◽  
First Year ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Act One

Thefirst year of bargaining under New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act brought some very significant changes to the nature and structure of bargaining outcomes. This paper reports a major study of collective bargaining outcomes. Collective bargaining is the preferred option for 80 per cent of employers with fifty or more staff; however, the number of workers covered by collective bargains in New Zealand dropped from 721 000 in 1989-90 to an estimated 440 000 by 1991-92. The collapse of collective bargaining did not occur evenly across industries. Significant collapses happened in agriculture, food and beverage manufacturing, the textile and clothing industry, the paper and printing industry, building and construction, retailing, restaurants and hotels and the transport industry. Collective bargaining retains a strong foothold in the electricity and gas production sector, the public sector, the finance sector, the communication industry and the basic and advanced metal manufacturing sectors. A content analysis of 471 collective employment contracts (covering nearly 130 000 workers) settled in the first year of the new legislation is reported here. The data show a wide dispersion of wage settlements as the comparative wage justice system collapses; about half of the workers in the sample, however, received either a wage decrease or no increase over the preceding settlement. Important changes to working time arrangements have been negotiated and these are reported along with other content changes to working time and leave arrangements.

scholarly journals THE ITALIAN WAY TO INTERNAL DEVALUATION AND SOCIAL ACTORS’ STRATEGIES AGAINST AUSTERITY AND THE FLEXIBILIZATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
Giulia Giulia ◽  
Giovanni Orlandini
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Union Action

Introduction: the Italian way to internal devaluation; 1.a Precarization of labour and weakening of trade union action at company level (amendment of dismissal law); 1.b Circumvention of the CCNL by means of exceptional employment contracts; 1.c Downward competition on labour costs by means of outsourcing and value chains; 1.d Promotion of decentralized collective bargaining and its power to derogate from the law and freezing of collective bargaining in the public sector; 2. The trade union(s) strategies; 2.a Bargaining strategy; 2.b Judicial strategy; 2.c Confrontational strategy; 3. New challenges for workers and new challenges for their organization(s); 3.a Italian trade unions’ strategies; 3.b Alternative experiences of (and in favour of) precarious workers; 4. Anti-austerity protests: the involvement of trade unions and social movements; 5. Concluding remarks; Bibliography.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-731
Author(s):  
E. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Child Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
True Statement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

George Wheatley's letter reminding us of the frightful toll of child life exacted by accidents prompts me to mention a practice I have tried to make routine. Probably many other Academy members have done about the same. The one year check-up, practically universally practiced by pediatricians, is a strategic time to bring up the danger of accidents which are so frequent in the preschool period. Before giving the routine booster of triple vaccine and tuberculin test, I like to make a point of reminding the mother that her child has safely passed one of the most dangerous periods of life—the first year. I believe it impresses the mother when I tell her that from now on the principal danger to her child is not poliomyelitis, not scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough or pneumonia, but that if she should lose her child, it is more likely to be through accidental injury. She is reminded that many household cleaning powders and liquids may fatally poison her child or horribly disfigure him, that a few aspirin tablets or two or three of grandmother's heart pills might kill him. This statement is reinforced with the true statement that I have seen children die from exactly these causes.

scholarly journals Working Time and the Application of Penal Rates of Pay: A Gender and Industry Analysis in the 1993/94 Year

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Harbridge ◽  
Anthony Honeybone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Industry Analysis ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Data Reporting ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Time Patterns

New Zealand employers have followed the international drive for greater internal numerical flexibility and associated changes to working time patterns. In the post Employment Contracts Act era, the thrust of changes for internal numerical flexibility has been directed at the removal of and reduction in penal and overtime rates of pay. At the Fifth Conference on Labour, Employment and Work in 1992 (LEW5) the authors reported on the early developments in collective bargaining arrangements over working time that had been identified from a sample of collective employment contracts. At this 1994 conference (LEW6) the authors will update that data, reporting the latest trends and developments in the working time area. The database from which the paper will be written contains some 2200 'live' collective employment contracts covering some 11,500 employers and 340,000 employees. Changes to working time arrangements are very much industry specific and the data will be reported by industry. A particular focus of the paper will be the effects of changes to working time arrangements on women employees.

Tax-Advantaged Trust Use Among IPO Executives: Determinants and Implications for Valuation and Future Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dambra ◽  
Matthew Gustafson ◽  
Phillip J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Estate Taxes ◽  
Price Appreciation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT We examine the prevalence and determinants of CEOs' use of tax-advantaged trusts prior to their firm's IPO. Twenty-three percent of CEOs use tax-advantaged pre-IPO trusts, and share transfers into tax-advantaged trusts are positively associated with CEO equity wealth, estate taxes, and dynastic preferences. We project that pre-IPO trust use increases CEOs' dynastic wealth by approximately $830,000, on average. We next examine a simple model's prediction that trust use will be positively related to IPO-period stock price appreciation. We find that trust use is associated with 12 percent higher one-year post-IPO returns, but is not significantly related to the IPO's valuation, filing price revision, or underpricing. This evidence is consistent with CEOs' personal finance decisions prior to the IPO containing value-relevant information that is not immediately incorporated into market prices. JEL Classifications: D14; G12; G32; M21; M41. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Implications for workers and unions

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110000
Author(s):  
Michele Ford ◽  
Kristy Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Export Orientation ◽  
Health Measures

The labour market effects in Southeast Asia of the COVID-19 pandemic have attracted considerable analysis from both scholars and practitioners. However, much less attention has been paid to the pandemic’s impact on legal protections for workers’ and unions’ rights, or to what might account for divergent outcomes in this respect in economies that share many characteristics, including a strong export orientation in labour-intensive industries and weak industrial relations institutions. Having described the public health measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, this article analyses governments’ employment-related responses and their impact on workers and unions in the first year of the pandemic. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the disruption caused to these countries’ economies, and societies, served to reproduce existing patterns of state–labour relations rather than overturning them.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in the MADIABETES cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Salinero-Fort ◽  
F. J. San Andrés-Rebollo ◽  
J. Cárdenas-Valladolid ◽  
M. Méndez-Bailón ◽  
R. M. Chico-Moraleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

AbstractWe aimed to develop two models to estimate first AMI and stroke/TIA, respectively, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, by applying backward elimination to the following variables: age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, and use of antihyperglycemic drugs, statins, and aspirin. As time-varying covariates, we analyzed blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid profile, HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atrial fibrillation (only in stroke/TIA model). Both models were stratified by antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated 2980 patients (52.8% women; 67.3 ± 11.2 years) with 24,159 person-years of follow-up. We recorded 114 cases of AMI and 185 cases of stroke/TIA. The factors that were independently associated with first AMI were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 75 years) (p = 0.019), higher HbA1c (> 64 mmol/mol vs. < 53 mmol/mol) (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (0.90–1.81 mmol/L vs. < 0.90 mmol/L) (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (65–85 mmHg vs. < 65 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The factors that were independently associated with first stroke/TIA were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 60 years) (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (first year after the diagnosis vs. more than one year) (p = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (per each 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (3.88–6.46 mmol/L vs. < 3.88 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), triglycerides (per each increment of 1.13 mmol/L) (p = 0.031), albuminuria (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p = 0.01), and retinopathy (p = 0.023).

scholarly journals Mortality in older adults following a fragility fracture: real-world retrospective matched-cohort study in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques P. Brown ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Emil Schemitsch ◽  
Jean-Eric Tarride ◽  
Vivien Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
First Year ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Fracture Cohort ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Recent studies are lacking reports on mortality after non-hip fractures in adults aged > 65. Methods This retrospective, matched-cohort study used de-identified health services data from the publicly funded healthcare system in Ontario, Canada, contained in the ICES Data Repository. Patients aged 66 years and older with an index fragility fracture occurring at any osteoporotic site between 2011 and 2015 were identified from acute hospital admissions, emergency and ambulatory care using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and data were analyzed until 2017. Thus, follow-up ranged from 2 years to 6 years. Patients were excluded if they presented with an index fracture occurring at a non-osteoporotic fracture site, their index fracture was associated with a trauma code, or they experienced a previous fracture within 5 years prior to their index fracture. This fracture cohort was matched 1:1 to controls within a non-fracture cohort by date, sex, age, geography and comorbidities. All-cause mortality risk was assessed. Results The survival probability for up to 6 years post-fracture was significantly reduced for the fracture cohort vs matched non-fracture controls (p < 0.0001; n = 101,773 per cohort), with the sharpest decline occurring within the first-year post-fracture. Crude relative risk of mortality (95% confidence interval) within 1-year post-fracture was 2.47 (2.38–2.56) in women and 3.22 (3.06–3.40) in men. In the fracture vs non-fracture cohort, the absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at any site was 12.5% vs 5.1% in women and 19.5% vs 6.0% in men. The absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at a non-hip vs hip site was 9.4% vs 21.5% in women and 14.4% vs 32.3% in men. Conclusions In this real-world cohort aged > 65 years, a fragility fracture occurring at any site was associated with reduced survival for up to 6 years post-fracture. The greatest reduction in survival occurred within the first-year post-fracture, where mortality risk more than doubled and deaths were observed in 1 in 11 women and 1 in 7 men following a non-hip fracture and in 1 in 5 women and 1 in 3 men following a hip fracture.

scholarly journals Across the COVID-19 Waves; Assessing Temporal Fluctuations in Perceived Stress, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, Worry, Anxiety and Civic Moral Disengagement over One Year of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Alessio Gori ◽  
Eleonora Topino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
One Year ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

This study aimed at investigating the psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by analysing the trends of perceived stress, post-traumatic symptoms, state anxiety, worry, and civic moral disengagement in four different moments from March 2020 to March 2021. The study involved a total of 1827 Italian participants (30% men and 70% women; Mage = 34.72; SD = 12.40) divided into four groups to which an online survey was administered. The first group completed the survey in March 2020, the second one in August 2020, the third one in November 2020, and the fourth one in March 2021. Results highlighted significant decreases in post-traumatic symptoms and a significant increase in civic moral disengagement over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The levels of perceived stress, worry, and state anxiety remained constant. The correlations between the variables at different times were also explored, as well as gender differences over the year. The COVID-19 emergency has had significant effects on the mental state of the population, with important repercussions for individual and collective well-being during but probably also after the pandemic. This study offers a clear snapshot of the psychological outcomes over one COVID-19 pandemic year, providing important information that may contribute to tailor more effective interventions for mental health.

scholarly journals Unions and Productivity in the Public Sector: A Study of Municipal Libraries

ILR Review ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Ehrenberg ◽  
Daniel R. Sherman ◽  
Joshua L. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Section Data ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper develops and illustrates the use of two methodologies to analyze the effect of unions on productivity in the public sector. Although the methodologies are applicable to a wide variety of public sector functions, the focus of the paper is on municipal libraries because of the availability of relevant data. The empirical analysis, which uses 1977 cross-section data on 260 libraries, suggests that collective bargaining coverage has not significantly affected productivity in municipal libraries.

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