EXPRESS: Relative Effectiveness of Print and Digital Advertising: A Memory Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110344
Author(s):  
Vinod Venkatraman ◽  
Angelika Dimoka ◽  
Khoi Vo ◽  
Paul A. Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Memory Perspective

The exponential growth in digital media has recently challenged the value of print media in the overall marketing mix. Across three studies, we evaluated the relative effectiveness of print ads versus digital ads. In Study 1, using eye-tracking and biometric measures during exposure, we found stronger encoding and engagement for print ads over digital ads. A week later, participants showed no significant difference in recognizing ads across format, though print ads showed better memory for the encoding context. Notably, using fMRI, we found greater activation in hippocampus and parahippocampal regions for print ads relative to digital ads. Extending these insights, Study 2 demonstrated better memory for print ads across contents, context, and brand associations when using snippets as retrieval cues. In addition to establishing the robustness of earlier findings, Study 3 provided further evidence that the observed memory advantage for print ads is primarily due to superior encoding during initial exposure. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that marketers should not discount the value of print media in advertising, despite the rapid growth of digital media and communications.

scholarly journals Information about Human Evolution: An Analysis of News Published in Communication Media in Spanish between 2015 and 2017

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jon Ander Garibi ◽  
Alvaro Antón ◽  
José Domingo Villarroel
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Scientific Journalism

The present study examines a sample of 220 pieces of news related to human evolution, written in Spanish and published over a period of two years, both in digital and print media. The aim of this study is to assess the rigor and coherence of the information in the news in our sample with scientific knowledge on the theory of evolution. To this end, errors and the incorrect use of concepts related to biological evolution are identified, classified according to criteria resulting from the review of previous studies, and finally, the frequency of errors identified in news published in print media is compared with that identified in digital media. The results presented allow us to highlight the significantly high frequency of errors in the news analyzed and the most frequent error categories. Results are discussed within the frame of the important role that scientific journalism plays in the processes of knowledge dissemination, in this case, related to human evolution.

scholarly journals Strategi Pengarang Ghosty’s Menghadapi Persaingan Komik Digital (Studi pada Komik Ghosty’s)

Prologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Elias Benny Alricoh ◽  
Sinta Paramita ◽  
Nigar Pandrianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Technology is developing rapidly, technology products are created to provide convenience to the community, which is new media. When through the development of technology, the spread of comics is also widely spread, comics that were originally using print media are now developing using digital media. To disseminate comic content, digital comic authors now using social media to promote their comics to a large extent. So digital comic authors need a strategy to disseminate digital comic content, attract readers, and get collaborative offers to raise their name. In this research the authors used a descriptive qualitative analysis method, to find out the strategies used by Ghosty's comic authors in spreading, and raising their names. The author collected data by interviewing the author of Ghosty's Comic, and his friends at once readers to get the data needed in this research. The results of this reserach illustrate that it is important to use strategies to create interesting digital comic content so that the Ghosty's comics can get collaborations such as Tokopedia, Orang Tua Group, Line Webtoon.Teknologi berkembang dengan pesat, banyak produk teknologi diciptakan untuk memberikan kemudahan pada masyarakat, salah satunya adalah media baru. Saat melalui perkembangan teknologi medium penyebaran komik juga meluas, komik yang semula menggunakan media cetak kini berkembang menggunakan media digital. Untuk menyebarkan konten komik, pengarang komik digital kini menggunakan media sosial untuk mempromosikan komiknya ke kalangan yang luas. Maka pengarang komik digital memerlukan sebuah strategi untuk melakukan penyebaran konten komik digital, menarik pembaca, dan mendapatkan tawaran kolaborasi untuk membesarkan namanya. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analisis,  untuk mengetahui strategi yang digunakan pengarang komik Ghosty’s dalam menyebarkan, dan membesarkan namanya. Penulis mengumpulkan data dengan melakukan wawancara dengan pengarang komik Ghosty’s, dan teman sekaligus pembacanya untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa pentingnya menggunakan strategi untuk membuat konten komik digital yang menarik sehingga dengan besarnya nama komik Ghosty’s bisa mendapatkan kolaborasi seperti Tokopedia, Orang Tua Group, Line Webtoon.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mechanical Chest Compression Devices over Manual Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-819
Author(s):  
Mack Sheraton ◽  
John Columbus ◽  
Salim Surani ◽  
Ravinder Chopra ◽  
Rahul Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Mechanical Chest Compression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Meta Regression

Introduction: Our goal was to systematically review contemporary literature comparing the relative effectiveness of two mechanical compression devices (LUCAS and AutoPulse) to manual compression for achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: We searched medical databases systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies published between January 1, 2000–October 1, 2020 that compared mechanical chest compression (using any device) with manual chest compression following OHCA. We only included studies in the English language that reported ROSC outcomes in adult patients in non-trauma settings to conduct random-effects metanalysis and trial sequence analysis (TSA). Multivariate meta-regression was performed using preselected covariates to account for heterogeneity. We assessed for risk of biases in randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. Results: A total of 15 studies (n = 18474), including six RCTs, two cluster RCTs, five retrospective case-control, and two phased prospective cohort studies, were pooled for analysis. The pooled estimates’ summary effect did not indicate a significant difference (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.39, P = 0.11, I2 = 0.83) between mechanical and manual compressions during CPR for ROSC. The TSA showed firm evidence supporting the lack of improvement in ROSC using mechanical compression devices. The Z-curves successfully crossed the TSA futility boundary for ROSC, indicating sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions regarding these outcomes. Multivariate meta-regression demonstrated that 100% of the between-study variation could be explained by differences in average age, the proportion of females, cardiac arrests with shockable rhythms, witnessed cardiac arrest, bystander CPR, and the average time for emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in the study samples, with the latter three attaining statistical significance. Conclusion: Mechanical compression devices for resuscitation in cardiac arrests are not associated with improved rates of ROSC. Their use may be more beneficial in non-ideal situations such as lack of bystander CPR, unwitnessed arrest, and delayed EMS response times. Studies done to date have enough power to render further studies on this comparison futile.

scholarly journals Parents’ health information seeking behaviour – does the child’s health status play a role?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Baumann ◽  
Rebecca Jaks ◽  
Dominik Robin ◽  
Sibylle Juvalta ◽  
Julia Dratva
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Information Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Search For Information

Abstract BackgroundDigital media are increasingly abundant and being used to seek health information. To date, very little is known about parental seeking behaviour for child health information outside of English-speaking and Nordic countries. Our study “Digital parental counsellors” examines how parents search for health information in digital media, print media and among personal contacts, distinguishing between the search for information about general child health and development and child’s acute illness, and comparing information seeking behaviour by disability status of the child.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 2573 parents (response rate: 30%) to a population-based sample of parents with children aged 0–2 years (N = 769). We developed a frequency score of use of different information sources and conducted bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses to describe parental search behaviour and the association with child’s disability status.ResultsThe sample consists of 88% mothers (mean age: 35.7 years SD 4.33). Children’s mean age is 16 months (SD 7.1), 49% of the children are female and 6% have a disability. Parents use digital media significantly more frequently to search for information about general health and development questions than about an acute child’s illness (p < 0.001). In case of acute child’s illness, parents refer to their paediatrician, family members and other personal contacts significantly more frequently than other information sources (p < 0.001). The use of digital media and personal contacts does not significantly vary between parents with and without a disabled child, whereas the use of print media does (p < 0.02). Moreover, irrespective of disability, 45% of parents resort to the Internet prior to a paediatric visit and 27% after a visit when a visit did not answer all questions.ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence of digital media, personal contacts are still the most frequent health information resource for parents with young children. Parents combine all information resources (online, print, personal network) to improve their understanding or check the validity of information received regarding their child’s health. It is thus of utmost importance, that the increasingly accessed digital information parents search for is correct, understandable and addresses parent’s concerns.Trial registration:BASEC Req-2017-00817 (30 October 2017)

Examining Practice and Learning Effects With Serial Administration of the Clinical Reaction Time Test in Healthy Young Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy N. Nguyen ◽  
Reuben N. Clements ◽  
Lucas A. Porter ◽  
Nicole E. Clements ◽  
Matthew D. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Clinical Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Clinical Reaction Time

Context: The clinical reaction time (RTclin) test has been recommended as a valid test for assessing concussion and determining recovery of reaction time function following concussion. However, it is unknown whether repeat assessment, as is used in postconcussion testing, is affected by learning or practice phenomena. Objective: To determine if a practice or learning effect is present with serial administration of the RTclin test. Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: University athletic training clinics. Participants: A total of 112 healthy collegiate athletes (age = 19.46 [1.34] y). Interventions: The control group completed the RTclin test on days 1 and 60. The experimental group completed the RTclin test on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 60. Main Outcome Measure: Reaction time as measured with the RTclin test. Results: The difference in RTclin test performance from day 1 to day 60 was not significant (mean change = −2.77 [14.46] ms, P = .42, 95% confidence intervals, −6.40 to 0.862) between groups. The experimental group experienced significant improvement (λ = 0.784, F4,49 = 3.365, P = .02, η2 = .216, power = 0.81) with acute repeat testing. However, post hoc analysis did not reveal a significant difference between scores during the 5 test periods. Conclusions: The results suggest serial administration of the RTclin test does not produce a practice or learning effect. Clinicians, however, should be cautious as the results do provide evidence patients may demonstrate improved scores when testing occurs on repetitive days after initial exposure to the test.

Digital Democracy in Authoritarian Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1533-1543
Author(s):  
Rachel Baarda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Print Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
The World

Digital media is expected to promote political participation in government. Around the world, from the United States to Europe, governments have been implementing e-government (use of of the Internet to make bureaucracy more efficient) and promising e-democracy (increased political participation by citizens). Does digital media enable citizens to participate more easily in government, or can authoritarian governments interfere with citizens' ability to speak freely and obtain information? This study of digital media in Russia will show that while digital media can be used by Russian citizens to gain information and express opinions, Kremlin ownership of print media, along with censorship laws and Internet surveillance, can stifle the growth of digital democracy. Though digital media appears to hold promise for increasing citizen participation, this study will show that greater consideration needs to be given to the power of authoritarian governments to suppress civic discourse on the Internet.

Documenting Social Change and Political Unrest through Mobile Spaces and Locative Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Krewani
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Arab Spring

In this chapter, I explore the media coverage of the Arab Spring and the reactions of Western media communities. Focusing on interactive documentaries and websites, this chapter clearly demonstrates to what extent media bring about individualized coverage to major events. Digital media especially have merged with cartographic competencies to provide topical information. Compared to the informational range of classic print media and television, these digital platforms and digitally distributed art forms create new and interactive forms of media participation.

Oral Reading, Silent Reading, and Listening Comprehension: a Comparative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise B. Elgart
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Materials

Comprehension is achieved through three different modes of reception — oral reading, silent reading, and listening. The relative effectiveness of each of the three modes has been examined, but has yielded conflicting results due to intersubject variation and difference in degree of reading materials. The purpose of this study was to use a research design which eliminated those two sources of error as they affect a comparison of the three modes of reception — oral reading, silent reading, listening on comprehension. Forty-five third-grade students were selected. The pupils read orally, read silently, and listened to selections taken from the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Comprehension Test-Primary C, Form 2. An Analysis of Variance using a Latin Square Design with repeated measures was used. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between the three modes of reception with oral reading significantly more effective than silent reading in comprehending material.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI MEDIA CETAK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Bella Dwi Syahputri Ispriadi ◽  
Devy Anggita Putri ◽  
Prahasti Ken Dewani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Media ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Abstract. This article discusses the existence of print media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now, many printed media have lost their readership significantly. The Covid-19 pandemic has become a disruption that has a negative impact on the print media industry. People choose to switch to digital media because it is easy and the information they need is faster. Changing the media used in conveying information will certainly have an impact on the future of the media itself. When the turnover of print media decreases, the print media company will go bankrupt / close and lay off employees and cut employee salaries. The method used in this article uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using a research procedure according to the latest available facts to solve a problem regarding the existence of print media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the data obtained, it is explained that from 434 print media throughout January to April 2020, 71 percent of print media companies experienced a decrease in turnover of 40 percent when compared to the same period in 2019. Based on the data above, it can be seen that a decrease in media existence print during the COVID-19 pandemic. This decline certainly had an impact on the business turnover of advertisers, which resulted in a decrease in advertising budgets on various media platforms.Keywords: Covid-19, Existence, Print Media, PandemicAbstrak. Artikel ini membahas tentang eksistensi media cetak pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Saat ini, amat banyak media cetak yang kehilangan para pembacanya secara signifikan. Pandemi Covid-19 ini sudah menjadi disrupsi yang berdampak negatif bagi para industri media cetak. Masyarakat memilih beralih ke media digital karena mudah dan informasi yang dubutuhkan lebih cepat. Berubahnya media yang digunakan dalam penyampaian infromasi tentu akan memberikan dampak pada masa depan dari media itu sendiri. Ketika omzet media cetak turun maka perusahaan media cetak akan mengalami bangkrut/tutup serta terjadi pemecatan pegawai dan  pemotongan gaji karyawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan sesuatu tata cara riset sesuai fakta-fakta yang terdapat terbaru untuk memecahkan sesuatu permasalahan mengenai eksistensi media cetak pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Beradasarkan data yang diperoleh menjelaskan bahwa dari 434 media cetak disepanjang bulan Januari hingga bulan April 2020, terdapat 71 persen perusahaan media cetak mengalami suatu penurunan omzet dari 40 persen bila dibandingkan dengan periode yang sama pada tahun 2019. Bedasarkan data diatas maka dapat dilihat penurunan eksistensi media cetak selama pandemi covid 19. Penurunan ini tentunya berdampak pada omzet usaha dari para pengiklan mengalami penurunan yang mengakibatkan anggaran iklan pada berbagai platform mediapun menjadi semakin berkurang.Kata Kunci: Covid-19, Eksistensi,Media Cetak, Pandemi

scholarly journals Gaming and Social Media Addiction in University Students: Sex Differences, Suitability of Symptoms, and Association With Psychosocial Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Burén ◽  
Sissela B. Nutley ◽  
David Sandberg ◽  
Johanna Ström Wiman ◽  
Lisa B. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychosocial Difficulties ◽  
Symptom Criteria

Background: Previous research has shown that addictions to digital media can have negative impact on psychosocial health. Although Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has received most scholarly recognition, the potential negative consequences of Social Media Disorder (SMD) have also been found. However, few studies have assessed the symptoms of these two digital media addictions in the same way, making comparisons difficult. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating differences and similarities regarding how common the symptoms are, sex differences, the suitability of the symptoms, and their association with psychosocial difficulties.Method: A total of 688 university students (63.2% women, Mean age = 25.98) completed a questionnaire measuring symptoms of IGD and SMD, as well as psychosocial difficulties (i.e., psychosomatic symptoms, low self-concept, and social problems).Results: Results showed that 1.2% of the men and 0.9% of the women met the symptom criteria for IGD (non-significant difference), whereas 3.2% men and 2.8% women met the symptom criteria for SMD (non-significant difference). Dimensional analyses indicated that men had higher IGD scores compared to women, whereas the opposite was found for SMD. Symptoms of heavy involvement in digital media (i.e., Preoccupation, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Unsuccessful attempts to control, and Escape) had high sensitivity, but low positive predictive value (PPV). However, symptoms associated with negative consequences of digital media use (i.e., Loss of interest, Continued excessive use, Deception, and Jeopardizing career/relationships) had low sensitivity, but high PPV. These symptom patterns were similar for IGD and SMD. Meeting the criteria for IGD or SMD as well as being at risk of these disorders were significantly associated with psychosocial difficulties. Symptoms of SMD generally had stronger associations with psychosomatic symptoms compared to symptoms of IGD.Conclusions: We conclude that heavy involvement in digital media seems common among individuals with IGD or SMD, but also among those not meeting the symptom criteria, whereas negative consequences are less common but highly predictive of digital media addictions once present. Further attention to SMD is warranted, as it seems more common than IGD and also seems to be equally or more strongly associated with psychosocial difficulties.

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