Influence of the hydrodynamic degumming process on the quality of decorticated flax fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110569
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zimniewska ◽  
Wanda Różańska ◽  
Anna Kicińska-Jakubowska ◽  
Jerzy Mańkowski ◽  
Marek Wiśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Density ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
The Impact

The study explored the impact of the hydrodynamic degumming process applied for decorticated monomorphic flax on fiber quality. The experiment was designed as the first stage of research leading to the development of a method for decorticated flax fiber elementarization and cottonization; in particular, effectively dividing the fiber bundles to ensure low linear density and reducing impurities in the content, to make the fibers suitable for cotton spinning systems. The degumming process of the decorticated fibers covered hydrodynamic disposal of the gluing substances, mainly pectins from the fibers, with use of a specially designed lab-scale Model Device for Physical Degumming of the Flax Fibers. The degummed fibers were tested for linear density, length, impurity content and chemical composition by thermogravimetric analysis combined with the analysis of evolved gases (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and analysis of images of fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views from a scanning electron microscope. The study outcomes allowed us to determine the optimal parameters of the degumming process applied for decorticated flax fibers, in which the obtained fibers were of the highest quality. It was found that the optimal parameters of the process were a bath temperature of 30°C and a degumming process duration of 24 hours. These lab-scale process conditions were used in further work on the degumming process of flax fiber carried out on a semi-technical scale, followed by a mechanical cottonization of the fiber, at the final stage of the technological chain.

Method and devicies for determining the linear density of flax fiber

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Holoviy ◽  
Anna Lytvynova
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Flax Fibers

The article describes the design of two devices for implementation the method for determining the linear density of flax fiber. The results of the experiment confirmed the presence of correlation between the linear density of flax fiber in the sample and the time of passing through the sample a portion of the air of specified volume at a given pressure. The proposed method for determining the linear density of flax fibers can be used in laboratories of breeding establishments, enterprises of primary processing and textile industry

Study on the Chemical Modification Process of Jute Fiber

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ming Wang ◽  
Zai-sheng Cai ◽  
Jian-yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Silicate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
Liquor Ratio ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Selection Of

Degumming of pre-chlorite treated jute fiber was studied in this paper. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration, treatment time, temperature, sodium silicate concentration, fiber-to-liquor ratio, penetrating agent TF-107B concentration, and degumming agent TF-125A concentration were the process conditions examined. With respect to gum decomposition, fineness and mechanical properties, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium silicate concentration, and treatment time were found to be the most important parameters. An orthogonal L9(34) experiment designed to optimize the conditions for degumming resulted in the selection of the following procedure: sodium hydroxide of 12g/L, sodium silicate of 3g/L, TF-107B of 2g/L, TF-125A of 2g/L, treatment time of 105 min, temperature of 100°C and fiber to liquor ratio of 1:20. The effect of the above degumming process on the removal of impurities was also examined and the results showed that degumming was an effective method for removing impurities, especially hemicellulose.

Response and failure modes of biaxial warp-knitted flexible composite subject to low-velocity impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110154
Author(s):  
Ziyu Zhao ◽  
Tianming Liu ◽  
Pibo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, biaxial warp-knitted fabrics were produced with different high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The low-velocity impact property of flexible composites made of polyurethane as matrix and biaxial warp-knitted fabric as reinforcement has been investigated. The effect of impactor shape and initial impact energy on the impact response of flexible composite is tested. The results show that the initial impact energy have minor effect on the impact response of the biaxial warp-knitted flexible composites. The impact resistance of flexible composite specimen increases with the increase of high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The damage morphology of flexible composite materials is completely different under different impactor shapes. The findings have theoretical and practical significance for the applications of biaxial warp-knitted flexible composite.

A Method for Evaluating Intensity of Water Cavitation Peening Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 747-750
Author(s):  
B. Han ◽  
Dong Ying Ju ◽  
Xiao Guang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Bubble Collapse ◽  
Plastic Layer ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Impact

Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration, namely, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, in order to investigate the process capability of the WCP with aeration a standard N-type almen strips of spring steel SAE 1070 was treated byWCP with various process conditions, and the arc height value and the residual stress in the superficial layers were measured by means of the Almen-scale and X-ray diffraction method, respectively. The optimal fluxes of aeration and the optimal standoff distances were achieved. The maximum of arc height value reach around 150μm. The depth of plastic layer observed from the results of residual stresses is up to 150μm. The results verify the existence of macro-plastic strain in WCP processing. The distributions of residual stress in near-surface under different peening intensity can provide a reference for engineers to decide the optimal process conditions of WCP processing.

Structuring of Silicon Wafer Surfaces on the Sub-100 nm Scale by Hydrogen Plasma Treatments

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Job ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
A. G. Ulyashin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Czochralski Silicon ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wafer Surfaces

ABSTRACTHydrogen plasma treatments applied on standard Czochralski silicon (Cz Si) wafers cause a structuring of the surface regions on the sub-100 nm scale, i.e. a thin ‘nano-structured’ Si layer is created up to a depth of ∼ 150 nm. The formation of the ‘nano-structures’ and their evolution in dependence on the process conditions was studied. The impact of post-hydrogenation annealing on the morphology of the structural defects was studied up to 1200 °C. The H-plasma treated and annealed samples were analyzed at surface and sub-surface regions by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and μ-Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) sounding network: operations, processing and analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Jensen ◽  
T. Toto ◽  
D. Troyan ◽  
P. E. Ciesielski ◽  
D. Holdridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) took place during the spring of 2011 centered in north-central Oklahoma, USA. The main goal of this field campaign was to capture the dynamical and microphysical characteristics of precipitating convective systems in the US Central Plains. A major component of the campaign was a six-site radiosonde array designed to capture the large-scale variability of the atmospheric state with the intent of deriving model forcing data sets. Over the course of the 46-day MC3E campaign, a total of 1362 radiosondes were launched from the enhanced sonde network. This manuscript provides details on the instrumentation used as part of the sounding array, the data processing activities including quality checks and humidity bias corrections and an analysis of the impacts of bias correction and algorithm assumptions on the determination of convective levels and indices. It is found that corrections for known radiosonde humidity biases and assumptions regarding the characteristics of the surface convective parcel result in significant differences in the derived values of convective levels and indices in many soundings. In addition, the impact of including the humidity corrections and quality controls on the thermodynamic profiles that are used in the derivation of a large-scale model forcing data set are investigated. The results show a significant impact on the derived large-scale vertical velocity field illustrating the importance of addressing these humidity biases.

Impact of high pressure processing on microbiological, nutritional and sensory properties of food: a review

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajith Amsasekar ◽  
Rahul S. Mor ◽  
Anand Kishore ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Saurabh Sid
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The increased demand for high-quality, nutritionally rich processed food has led to non-thermal food processing technologies like high pressure processing (HPP), a novel process for microbial inactivation with minimal loss of nutritional and sensory properties. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of HPP on the microbiological, nutritional and sensory properties of food. Design/methodology/approach Recent research on the role of HPP in maintaining food quality and safety and the impact of process conditions with respect to various food properties have been explored in this paper. Also, the hurdle approach and the effectiveness of HPP on food quality have been documented. Findings HPP has been verified for industrial application, fulfilling the consumer demand for processed food with minimum nutrition loss at low temperatures. The positive impact of HPP with other treatments is known as the hurdle approach that enhances its impact against microorganism activity and minimizes the effects on nutrition and sensory attributes. Originality/value This paper highlights the impact of HPP on various food properties and a good alternative as non-thermal technology for maintaining shelf life, sensory properties and retention of nutrients.

Comparison of Bio and Eco-technologies with Chemical Methods for Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers: Impact on Fiber Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabela Camano ◽  
Nemeshwaree Behary ◽  
Philippe Vroman ◽  
Christine Campagne
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
High Water ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
The Impact

Flax fibers, available as fiber bundles, are commonly used as fiber reinforcement in composite materials as a substitute for glass fibers. Pre-treatments are often necessary for improving fiber-resin adhesion, and also to facilitate fiber elementarization, and to improve fiber ability to be implemented in mechanical processes limiting fiber damages. This paper focuses on the impact of biotechnologies (effect of 2 different enzymes: a pectate lyase and a laccase) and of an ecotechnology (ultrasound with ethanol), compared to classical chemical pre-treatments (using aqueous NaOH and ammonia) on the final flax fiber bundle properties, before and after a carding process. Fiber surface properties (wettability and/or zeta potential values), fiber elementarization and mechanical properties vary with the type of treatment (chemical nature of product and conditions used). Fibers elementarised using pectate lyase and ultrasound/ethanol have a hydrophilic surface and a high water absorption capacity, and are also of highest quality in terms of increased fineness. Treatment with NaOH yields the poorest fiber bundle tenacity. Laccase enzyme yields long thick hydrophobic fibers having very low water absorption capacity, and the most neutral surface charge. Properties of flax fibers can be easily monitored using different pre-treatments resulting in fibers which would be suited for various final applications.

scholarly journals Using Stochastically Generated Subcolumns to Represent Cloud Structure in a Large-Scale Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 3644-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pincus ◽  
Richard Hemler ◽  
Stephen A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Cloud Fraction ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Cloud Structure ◽  
Model Configuration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radiation Scheme

Abstract A new method for representing subgrid-scale cloud structure in which each model column is decomposed into a set of subcolumns has been introduced into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s global atmospheric model AM2. Each subcolumn in the decomposition is homogeneous, but the ensemble reproduces the initial profiles of cloud properties including cloud fraction, internal variability (if any) in cloud condensate, and arbitrary overlap assumptions that describe vertical correlations. These subcolumns are used in radiation and diagnostic calculations and have allowed the introduction of more realistic overlap assumptions. This paper describes the impact of these new methods for representing cloud structure in instantaneous calculations and long-term integrations. Shortwave radiation computed using subcolumns and the random overlap assumption differs in the global annual average by more than 4 W m−2 from the operational radiation scheme in instantaneous calculations; much of this difference is counteracted by a change in the overlap assumption to one in which overlap varies continuously with the separation distance between layers. Internal variability in cloud condensate, diagnosed from the mean condensate amount and cloud fraction, has about the same effect on radiative fluxes as does the ad hoc tuning accounting for this effect in the operational radiation scheme. Long simulations with the new model configuration show little difference from the operational model configuration, while statistical tests indicate that the model does not respond systematically to the sampling noise introduced by the approximate radiative transfer techniques introduced to work with the subcolumns.

The Effect of Yarn Linear Density on Mechanical Properties of Plain Woven Kenaf Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 962-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Pahmi bin Saiman ◽  
Mohd Saidin Bin Wahab ◽  
Mat Uzir Wahit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

To produce a good quality of dry fabric for reinforced material in a natural-based polymer composite, yarn linear density should be in consideration. A woven kenaf dry fabric with three different linear densities of 276tex, 413.4tex and 759tex were produced. The fabrics with different linear densities were been optimize with the assistance of WiseTex software. The optimized dry fabrics were infused with unsaturated polyester to produce composite panel using vacuum infusion process. The composites properties were tested on the tensile strength, flexural strength and the impact strength. The result shows that the mechanical properties of the composite increased when the yarn linear densities increased.

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