“Hidden Gifted” Students: Underachiever Prevalence and Profile

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Lupart ◽  
Michael C. Pyryt
Keyword(s):  
Gifted Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
School Level ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The purpose of the present study was to provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the prevalence of one type of “hidden gifted” population (gifted underachievers) and to identify some of the key academic and personal characteristics that define this group. Study participants were selected from 19 elementary, junior, and senior high schools in a large Western Canadian urban school district. A formula was used to identify grades 4, 7, and 10 students whose measured intellectual potential was 120 or higher and who demonstrated a significant achievement-potential discrepancy. Out of a total of 80 prospective students, a final sample of 58 students was administered the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery-Revised (WJPB-R), the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), and Thinking About My School (TAMS). Results of a MANOVA and discriminant analysis indicate that there was a significant interaction effect between gender and school level and a significant grade-level effect. Major findings were: (a) achievement scores on the WJPB-R were higher than their course grades; (b) there was a significant decline in attitudes toward school for this group of students at the junior high level, particularly for females; and (c) overall achievement declined as students progress from grade 4 to grades 7 and 10.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF GIFTED STUDENTS' EDUCATION IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS: TEACHERS` POSITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Kamilė Valiušytė ◽  
Vincentas Lamanauskas
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
High Level ◽  
Keywords Education

The education of gifted students is one of the areas of differentiated education, the main goal of which is to study people with special/particular abilities. The problem of talent is now becoming more and more relevant. This is primarily due to the need of society to develop creative personalities. The uncertainty of the modern environment requires not only a high level of human activity, but also his skills and ability to behave in a non-standard way. It is obvious that the early identification, teaching and education of gifted students is one of the key challenges in improving the education system. However, insufficient psychological teachers’ preparation/readiness to work with children, who behave and think in a non-standard way, leads to inadequate assessment of their personal characteristics and all activities. In January-March 2021, a qualitative study was conducted, in which 10 teachers of general education schools participated. Data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analysed using the content analysis method. It has been found that the majority of teachers are able to describe gifted students, trust their competence to identify them. It has been revealed that certain differences exist between the schools analysed. Some schools systematically and qualitatively educate the gifted, while others lack common agreements on the education of the gifted, there is no system, support for teachers and students. Due to the different conditions, not all gifted students receive appropriate support, and the ongoing programmes accept a limited number of students, which creates a problem of access to the quality education of the gifted. Such situation may have arisen due to the lack of a clear state strategy for the education of gifted students, and educational guidelines for schools and teachers. It is obvious that in order to improve the quality of gifted students’ education, it is necessary to update educational documents, that regulate gifted students’ education and create a unified Lithuanian students’ education system based on positive examples of schools and many years of experience. Keywords: education system, gifted students, semi-structured interviews, qualitative research

scholarly journals PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GIFTED STUDENTS WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
E. B. Laktionova ◽  
◽  
I. V. Kondakova ◽  
A. S. Tuzova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Learning Style Inventory ◽  
Specialized Schools ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of the personal characteristics of students with various levels of psychological well-being. Materials and Methods. The study relies on the following methods: Maddi’s Hardiness survey, V.V. Stolin and S.R. Panteleev’s Self-attitude test questionnaire, R. Lazarus and S. Folkman’s Test for coping with difficult situations, Kolb’s Learning style inventory, and H. Sievert’s Test to identify creative abilities. Results. Students with a high level of psychological well-being are characterized by constructive strategies for resolving problem situations, a high level of hardiness, and a positive self-attitude. Students with a low level of psychological well-being are characterized by a low degree of self-acceptance, a high degree of self-blame, a desire to avoid solving problems, and a lack of control over their own lives. Conclusion. The findings indicate that there are relationships between the psychological well-being of gifted students and indicators of their hardiness, coping strategies, self-attitude, learning style, and creativity. The study has revealed that students with different levels of psychological well-being differin some of the studied characteristics. Keywords: psychological well-being, giftedness, specialized schools, personal characteristics, hardiness, self-attitude, coping strategies, creativity

scholarly journals An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Selamawit Hirpa ◽  
Andrew Fogarty ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Thomas Frese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Capital City ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
School Students ◽  
Study Participants

Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals’, and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4–44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4–19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9–10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1–8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF SELF-ADJUSTMENT OF MILITARY UNIVERSITY CADETS WITH DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE LEVELS

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
I. S. Morozova ◽  
◽  
E. A. Pronin ◽  
M. E. Pronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
High Level

The search for ways to increase the efficiency of educational and professional activities of students during the period of study at a military university remains relevant at present. The provision of optimal methods for the students’ professional competencies formation considering their personality dimensions at the shortage of study time has particular importance. The subject of the research is the special aspects of self-adjustment of cadets with different performance levels. The study aims at identifying the features of voluntary self-adjustment and personal characteristics of cadets with different academic performance levels in technical disciplines at a military university. The authors determined the theoretical approaches to the study of self-adjustment as personal property, mental state, and conditions for the successful activity. The paper includes the systematization of the ideas of the self-adjustment role in the process of educational and professional activity. The authors theoretically substantiate the necessity of considering the peculiarities of self-adjustment of cadets of a military higher education institution manifested in the subjective focus on particular phenomena. The paper presents data on the respondents, which includes ninety-one first-year cadets of Novosibirsk Military Institute. The authors substantiate the division of respondents into groups with high and low levels of academic performance. The study identified special aspects of self-control of military university cadets with different levels of academic performance manifested in the orientation of voluntary self-adjustment. The authors determined the features of voluntary self-adjustment of cadets with a high level of academic performance manifested in the presence of the pronounced perseverance in educational activities, friendliness towards fellow students, and the pronounced cognitive need; identified features of voluntary self-adjustment of cadets with a low level of academic performance manifested in the lack of self-control and critical assessment of actions, ignoring their mistakes, and the desire to dominate in interpersonal relations.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

The Usage of Evidence-Based Dentistry among Postgraduate Student of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoozeh Nilchian ◽  
Reza Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Clinical Teachers ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Information Exploration ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based Dentistry

Introduction: Our current era is the age of information exploration and innovation that has given us a good opportunity to use evidence-based information, so this study aimed to evaluate the use of Evidence-Based Dentistry in Isfahan Dental School in 2018. Materials & Methods: The sampling method of this study was census and, the number of faculty assistants was 50. The method of collecting this information was through a questionnaire Regarding fulfillment of ethical manners in this study, participants were not required to mention their names and personal characteristics, and only if they consented participate in the study, a questionnaire was provided to them. Man withny analysis and Spear man correlation were used to evaluate the relation between EBD (Evidence Based Dentistry) according to their gender. Results: In the current evaluation, it was observed that 19 dentists (36.5%) were female and 33 (63.5%) were male. Most residents (63.5%) sometimes use evidence-based dentistry, 11 cases (21.2%) rarely and 8 cases (15.3%) using this technique always. About the frequency distribution of resources used by residents to answer questions in dealing with patients, the highest frequency (65.4%) was related to “textbooks or questions from clinical teachers” as well as “translated reference books” and the least Frequency (13.5%) was related to “Search other databases”. Conclusion: Based on the findings in this section, the use of evidence-based medicine among residents is low.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlorhexidine-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus following Prolonged Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4404-4410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey D. Schlett ◽  
Eugene V. Millar ◽  
Katrina B. Crawford ◽  
Tianyuan Cui ◽  
Jeffrey B. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACTChlorhexidine has been increasingly utilized in outpatient settings to control methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) outbreaks and as a component of programs for MRSA decolonization and prevention of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of chlorhexidine resistance in clinical and colonizing MRSA isolates obtained in the context of a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial for SSTI prevention, during which 10,030 soldiers were issued chlorhexidine for body washing. We obtained epidemiological data on study participants and performed molecular analysis of MRSA isolates, including PCR assays for determinants of chlorhexidine resistance and high-level mupirocin resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During the study period, May 2010 to January 2012, we identified 720 MRSA isolates, of which 615 (85.4%) were available for molecular analysis, i.e., 341 clinical and 274 colonizing isolates. Overall, only 10 (1.6%) of 615 isolates were chlorhexidine resistant, including three from the chlorhexidine group and seven from nonchlorhexidine groups (P> 0.99). Five (1.5%) of the 341 clinical isolates and five (1.8%) of the 274 colonizing isolates harbored chlorhexidine resistance genes, and four (40%) of the 10 possessed genetic determinants for mupirocin resistance. All chlorhexidine-resistant isolates were USA300. The overall prevalence of chlorhexidine resistance in MRSA isolates obtained from our study participants was low. We found no association between extended chlorhexidine use and the prevalence of chlorhexidine-resistant MRSA isolates; however, continued surveillance is warranted, as this agent continues to be utilized for infection control and prevention efforts.

A systematic literature review of responsible leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Greige Frangieh ◽  
Hala Khayr Yaacoub
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Responsible Leadership ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Stakeholder Culture ◽  
Stakeholder Needs

Purpose This study aims to provide a point of reference and another of guidance for future research on the topic of responsible leadership by exploring its challenges, outcomes and practices. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of the literature, originally adopted from the medical sciences but also used in management and leadership studies, was conducted to integrate research in an organized, translucent and reproducible manner. The final sample of 46 empirical and conceptual studies were scientifically screened and synthesized. Findings The synthesis revealed that balancing stakeholder needs, personal characteristics and organizational structures are the main challenges against responsible leadership, whereas financial benefits, employees-related benefits and reputational gains among others are the main outcomes. Practices pinpointed, while scarce, are represented in nurturing a stakeholder culture, and engaging employee-related and human-resource-responsible functions. Originality/value This study contributes to the development of responsible leadership.

scholarly journals The PETLON Algorithm to Plan Efficiently for Task-Level-Optimal Navigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 471-500
Author(s):  
Shih-Yun Lo ◽  
Shiqi Zhang ◽  
Peter Stone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Motion Planning ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Task Planning ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Task Level

Intelligent mobile robots have recently become able to operate autonomously in large-scale indoor environments for extended periods of time. In this process, mobile robots need the capabilities of both task and motion planning. Task planning in such environments involves sequencing the robot’s high-level goals and subgoals, and typically requires reasoning about the locations of people, rooms, and objects in the environment, and their interactions to achieve a goal. One of the prerequisites for optimal task planning that is often overlooked is having an accurate estimate of the actual distance (or time) a robot needs to navigate from one location to another. State-of-the-art motion planning algorithms, though often computationally complex, are designed exactly for this purpose of finding routes through constrained spaces. In this article, we focus on integrating task and motion planning (TMP) to achieve task-level-optimal planning for robot navigation while maintaining manageable computational efficiency. To this end, we introduce TMP algorithm PETLON (Planning Efficiently for Task-Level-Optimal Navigation), including two configurations with different trade-offs over computational expenses between task and motion planning, for everyday service tasks using a mobile robot. Experiments have been conducted both in simulation and on a mobile robot using object delivery tasks in an indoor office environment. The key observation from the results is that PETLON is more efficient than a baseline approach that pre-computes motion costs of all possible navigation actions, while still producing plans that are optimal at the task level. We provide results with two different task planning paradigms in the implementation of PETLON, and offer TMP practitioners guidelines for the selection of task planners from an engineering perspective.

scholarly journals Social responsability in vocational guidance in Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
High Level

The beginning of the vocational guidance in Argentina was based on detecting personal characteristics regarding working abilities, and many social aspects were considered in the assessment process. In this country, increasing social exclusion as a product of poverty, lack of opportunities, unemployment and poor level of education, have introduced new aspects in vocational guidance considerations related to this new set of high level structural complexity. The professional responsibility in providing vocational guidance in such context is analyzed considering two kinds of sources: ethical standards of psychology, and specific competencies of vocational guidance.

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