A method to aid in the interpretation of EFA results: An application of Pratt’s measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amery D. Wu ◽  
Bruno D. Zumbo ◽  
Sheila K. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Developmental Constructs

This article describes a method based on Pratt’s measures and demonstrates its use in exploratory factor analyses. The article discusses the interpretational complexities due to factor correlations and how Pratt’s measures resolve these interpretational problems. Two real data examples demonstrate the calculation of what we call the “D matrix,” of which the elements are Pratt’s measures. Focusing on the rows of the D matrix allows one to compare the importance of the factors to the communality of each observed indicator ( horizontal interpretation); whereas a focus on the columns of the D matrix allows one to compare the contribution of the indicators to the common variance extracted by each factor ( vertical interpretation). The application showed that the method based on Pratt’s measures is a very simple but useful technique for EFA, in particular, for behavioral and developmental constructs, which are often multidimensional and mutually correlated.

A Preliminary Scale for Assessing Attitudes toward Homosexuals in the Military

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando X. Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

This paper reports a factor analytical study of responses to statements of attitudes concerning lesbians and gay men in the military by 72 23.4-yr.-old members of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. Using exploratory factor analysis with an oblique rotation four factors were found which accounted for 64.9% of the total common variance. A factor labeled Trust accounted for 40.6% of the common variance, Comfort accounted for 8.7%, Acceptance accounted for 8.2%, and the fourth factor, Threat, accounted for 7.5%. Cronbach α ranged from .63 to .78. Validity was .75 when scores were correlated with those on the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men scale, supporting the 4-factor interpretation. It is recommended that additional factor analyses be performed to further investigate the validity of the four factors and that of the entire scale.

scholarly journals Do temporal information processing limitations share cognitive causes? A correlational study of different attentional forms and modalities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenisha J. Liaw ◽  
Tiffany T.Y. Chia ◽  
Takashi Obana ◽  
Christopher L. Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Dark Side ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Intermediate Pattern

Selective attention can be directed according to behavioral goals or grabbed by salient stimuli. Whether controlled in a goal-directed or stimulus-driven fashion, attention has a dark side: Unattended items are frequently missed. Such failures have been explored through numerous experimental paradigms across sensory modalities, but their relationships have been incompletely characterized. In two experiments, we adopted an individual differences approach to better understand the common and dissociable cognitive components in temporal attention paradigms. In Experiment 1, participants (n=56) were tested twice on the attentional blink (goal-directed attention), surprise-induced blindness (stimulus-driven attention), and their auditory analogues. Despite strong effect reliability and significant within-modality correlations across effects, we found no significant correlations across modalities. In Experiment 2, participants (n=52) completed different versions of the visual tasks and a contingent capture task, whose deficit has been ascribed to both goal-directed and stimulus-driven components. Using exploratory factor analyses and partial correlations, we found that capture-related deficits accounted for the modest relationship between blink and surprise effects. Furthermore, surprise effects strongly habituated, blink effects remained, and capture-related deficits showed an intermediate pattern. We conclude that each attentional paradigm involves multiple cognitive components, some shared and others distinctly related to different attentional forms or sources of control.

Identification and Utility of a Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Paul Bergmann ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Michael Jellinek ◽  
John Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report (PSC-Y) is a 35-item measure of adolescent psychosocial functioning that uses the same items as the original parent report version of the PSC. Since a briefer (17-item) version of the parent PSC has been validated, this paper explored whether a subset of items could be used to create a brief form of the PSC-Y. Data were collected on more than 19,000 youth who completed the PSC-Y online as a self-screen offered by Mental Health America. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were first conducted to identify and evaluate candidate solutions and their factor structures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were then conducted to determine how well the data fit the candidate models. Tests of measurement invariance across gender were conducted on the selected solution. The EFAs and CFAs suggested that a three-factor short form with 17 items is a viable and most parsimonious solution and met criteria for scalar invariance across gender. Since the 17 items used on the parent PSC short form were close to the best fit found for any subsets of items on the PSC-Y, the same items used on the parent PSC-17 are recommended for the PSC-Y short form.

Comparing Hierarchical Models of Personality Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors

Two dimensional, hierarchical classification models of personality pathology have emerged as alternatives to traditional categorical systems: multi-tiered models with increasing numbers of factors and models that distinguish between a general factor of severity and specific factors reflecting style. Using a large sample (N=840) with a range of psychopathology, we conducted exploratory factor analyses of individual personality disorder criteria to evaluate the validity of these conceptual structures. We estimated an oblique, “unfolding” hierarchy and a bifactor model, then examined correlations between these and multi-method functioning measures to enrich interpretation. Four-factor solutions for each model, reflecting rotations of each other, fit well and equivalently. The resulting structures are consistent with previous empirical work and provide support for each theoretical model.

scholarly journals Hyperbolastic Models from a Stochastic Differential Equation Point of View

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Antonio Barrera ◽  
Patricia Román-Román ◽  
Francisco Torres-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Mean Function

A joint and unified vision of stochastic diffusion models associated with the family of hyperbolastic curves is presented. The motivation behind this approach stems from the fact that all hyperbolastic curves verify a linear differential equation of the Malthusian type. By virtue of this, and by adding a multiplicative noise to said ordinary differential equation, a diffusion process may be associated with each curve whose mean function is said curve. The inference in the resulting processes is presented jointly, as well as the strategies developed to obtain the initial solutions necessary for the numerical resolution of the system of equations resulting from the application of the maximum likelihood method. The common perspective presented is especially useful for the implementation of the necessary procedures for fitting the models to real data. Some examples based on simulated data support the suitability of the development described in the present paper.

Characteristics of Readmitted Psychiatric Inpatients

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Baron ◽  
J. Ray Hays
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Initial Hospitalization

This study examined sociodemographic, diagnostic, psychological, and episode-based variables in a sample of 130 psychiatric patients admitted to treatment at least twice in a 6-yr. period. Short length of initial hospitalization ( r = -.30, p <.01) and younger age on initial admission ( r = -.20, p <.05) were significantly correlated with frequent hospital admissions. Scores on four of the subscales of the WAIS-R were significantly correlated with readmission, confirming that patients who have fewer cognitive resources are at risk of frequent admissions. A multiple regression analysis combining variables to predict readmission accounted for only 12% of the common variance ( r128 = .34, p <.01), however, indicating that a prediction equation with these variables has limited clinical utility.

scholarly journals Assessing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A): Specific and General Insights from an Ethiopian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eshetu Andarge ◽  
Robert Trevethan ◽  
Teshale Fikadu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A) has been used in a variety of forms and in a range of countries. This study involves a detailed examination of the PAQ–A to determine its applicability and effectiveness in an Ethiopian setting. We administered the scale to 110 Ethiopian adolescents on two occasions, 5 weeks apart. Data were inspected for features typical of the participants and analyzed to identify interitem correlations, the scale’s factor structure, and a range of descriptive statistics concerning composite scores. Most of the scale’s items were satisfactorily interrelated according to lenient criteria, and most items loaded on a single factor in exploratory factor analyses. However, a number of the scale’s properties were deficient according to stringent or conventionally accepted psychometric criteria. Close inspection of participants’ responses highlighted problems in the way the scale is worded, interpreted by participants, and scored. Although the scale does not capture PA as an homogeneous construct, we argue that this is not a problem and neither is its poor test–retest reliability. We make recommendations concerning presentation and scoring of the PAQ–A that are likely to enhance its validity beyond Ethiopia, and we provide a modified version of the scale.

scholarly journals Development and Approbation of Methods for Diagnostics of Predisposition to Monosemantic or Polysemantic Context Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
N.A. Khokhlov ◽  
G.D. Laskov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Common ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This article focuses on the development of methods to measure personality and cognitive predisposition to monosemantic or polysemantic context generation (PCG).In accordance with the concept of V.S. Rotenberg, we assumed that PCG was connected with manual functional asymmetry. We developed four tests: one was designed to measure personality PCG, the other three measure cognitive PCG. Approbation samples consisted of 160—736 participants. Cronbach's alpha (0.67—0.93) and split-half coefficient (0.72—0.93) were calculated for all tests, for two of them test-retest reliability (0.47—0.91) was measured. Variance of personal PCG on 21.7% is explained by the variance of personality traits “reticence-sociability” and “concreteness-abstractness”. Personality and cognitive PCG are interconnected, but they have a fair amount of specificity. Manual functional asymmetry is weakly connected with personal PCG (not more than 1.5% of the common variance) and is not connected with cognitive PCG

Relationship between Magical Ideation and Noctcaelador

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-374
Author(s):  
William E. Kelly ◽  
Don Daughtry
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
The Common ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between magical ideation and “noctcaelador” (strong interest in, and psychological attachment to, the night sky). 210 university students completed Eckblad and Chapman's 1983 Magical Ideation Scale and Kelly's 2004 Noctcaelador Inventory. Scores on the two scales were significantly positively related and accounted for 14% of the common variance. Based on this operational definition of magical ideation, a strong interest in the night-sky might be associated with uncommon beliefs and reports of unusual perceptual experience. Researchers must clarify and define these concepts to study possible relations.

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