Effects of Intravenous Erythromycin Lactobionate in Respiratory Infections

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
A. Di Sciacca ◽  
F. Durante ◽  
G. Cucchiara ◽  
A. Ingrassia ◽  
G. Mira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Pharmacological Interactions ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Erythromycin Lactobionate

The antibiotic erythromycin lactobionate given intravenously acts almost exclusively on Gram-positive bacteria. Even at high plasma and tissue concentrations there is an almost total absence of side-effects. It could be considered, therefore, as first choice in the treatment of patients with infectious respiratory diseases. Most of the 40 patients admitted to the present study were elderly and all had either acute or chronic and becoming acute respiratory disease. Their clinical symptoms and levels of phlogosis improved on treatment with erythromycin lactobionate without any interruption of therapy due to side-effects and toxicity. The absence of unfavourable pharmacological interactions further enhances the usefulness of the drug. In view of the excellent response to monotherapy with erythromycin lactobionate and the few groups of resistant bacteria found in those cases when it was possible to check, it was not considered necessary to investigate any synergistic association with other antibiotics. It can be concluded, therefore, that therapy with erythromycin lactobionate in patients with infective respiratory disease is favourable and patients show excellent tolerability.

scholarly journals Use of Biopolymers in Mucosally-Administered Vaccinations for Respiratory Disease

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Dedloff ◽  
Callie S. Effler ◽  
Alina Maria Holban ◽  
Monica C. Gestal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Robust Immune Response

Communicable respiratory infections are the cause of a significant number of infectious diseases. The introduction of vaccinations has greatly improved this situation. Moreover, adjuvants have allowed for vaccines to be more effective with fewer adverse side effects. However, there is still space for improvement because while the more common injected formulations induce a systematic immunity, they do not confer the mucosal immunity needed for more thorough prevention of the spread of respiratory disease. Intranasal formulations provide systemic and mucosal immune protection, but they have the potential for more serious side effects and a less robust immune response. This review looks at seven different adjuvants—chitosan, starch, alginate, gellan, β-glucan, emulsan and hyaluronic acid—and their prospective ability to improve intranasal vaccines as adjuvants and antigen delivery systems.

Intoxication with Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar) Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Seiler ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
High Plasma Concentration

SummaryA case of severe Marcoumar intoxication is described. Eleven hours after the intake a plasma concentration of 15.75 µg/ml was found which corresponds approximately to the 5-fold therapeutic concentration. Repeated administration of vitamin K1 made it possible to avoid extreme lowering of the activity of the clotting factors II, VII and X and to prevent bleeding. Side effects were not observed. The biologic half-life of Phenprocoumon has been found to be shortened at high plasma concentration (3.7 instead of 5.9 days). It is probable that in extreme concentration the drug is less strongly bound to the plasma proteins.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides and Their Cyclic Analogues with 1,2,4-Triazole Scaffold

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Urszula Kosikowska ◽  
Monika Wujec ◽  
Nazar Trotsko ◽  
Wojciech Płonka ◽  
Piotr Paneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Reference Strains

The development of drug-resistant bacteria is currently one of the major challenges in medicine. Therefore, the discovery of novel lead structures for the design of antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. In this structure–activity relationship study, a library of ortho-, meta-, and para-fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides, and their cyclic analogues with 1,2,4-triazole scaffold, was created and tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria strains. While all tested 1,2,4-triazoles were devoid of potent activity, the antibacterial response of the thiosemicarbazides was highly dependent on substitution pattern at the N4 aryl position. The optimum activity for these compounds was found for trifluoromethyl derivatives such as 15a, 15b, and 16b, which were active against both the reference strains panel, and pathogenic methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 7.82 to 31.25 μg/mL. Based on the binding affinities obtained from docking, the conclusion can be reached that fluorobenzoylthiosemicarbazides can be considered as potential allosteric d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistence Prevalence in COVID Area

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Caterina Aurilio ◽  
Pasquale Sansone ◽  
Antonella Paladini ◽  
Manlio Barbarisi ◽  
Francesco Coppolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is often complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome. The new coronavirus outbreak started in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread around the world. The high diffusibility of the virus was the reason for the outbreak of the pandemic viral disease, reaching more than 100 million infected people globally by the first three months of 2021. In the various treatments used up to now, the use of antimicrobial drugs for the management, especially of bacterial co-infections, is very frequent in patients admitted to intensive care. In addition, critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are subjected to prolonged mechanical ventilation and other therapeutic procedures often responsible for developing hospital co-infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Co-infections contribute to the increase in the morbidity–mortality of viral respiratory infections. We performed this study to review the recent articles published on the antibiotic bacterial resistance and viruses to predict risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 and to assess the multidrug resistance in patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 area.

scholarly journals Impact on Antibiotic Resistance, Therapeutic Success, and Control of Side Effects in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of Daptomycin: A Scoping Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Carolina Osorio ◽  
Laura Garzón ◽  
Diego Jaimes ◽  
Edwin Silva ◽  
Rosa-Helena Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a problem that threatens the search for adequate safe and effective antibiotic therapy against multi-resistant bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Clostridium difficile, among others. Daptomycin is the treatment of choice for some infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, indicated most of the time in patients with special clinical conditions where its high pharmacokinetic variability (PK) does not allow adequate plasma concentrations to be reached. The objective of this review is to describe the data available about the type of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) method used and described so far in hospitalized patients with daptomycin and to describe its impact on therapeutic success, suppression of bacterial resistance, and control of side effects. The need to create worldwide strategies for the appropriate use of antibiotics is clear, and one of these is the performance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM helps to achieve a dose adjustment and obtain a favorable clinical outcome for patients by measuring plasma concentrations of an administered drug, making a rational interpretation guided by a predefined concentration range, and, thus, adjusting dosages individually.

scholarly journals Clinical symptoms among ambulatory patients tested for SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie R Chung ◽  
Sara S Kim ◽  
Michael L Jackson ◽  
Lisa A Jackson ◽  
Edward A Belongia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Ambulatory Patients

Abstract We compared symptoms and characteristics of 4961 ambulatory patients with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings indicate that clinical symptoms alone would be insufficient to distinguish between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections (e.g., influenza) and/or to evaluate the effects of preventive interventions (e.g., vaccinations).

scholarly journals The Impact of T Cell Vaccination in Alleviating and Regulating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuye Huang ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yu Kuang ◽  
Dapeng Wei ◽  
Wanyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
T Cell Vaccination ◽  
Dna Antibodies

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease identified by a plethora of production of autoantibodies. Autoreactive T cells may play an important role in the process. Attenuated T cell vaccination (TCV) has proven to benefit some autoimmune diseases by deleting or suppressing pathogenic T cells. However, clinical evidence for TCV in SLE is still limited. Therefore, this self-controlled study concentrates on the clinical effects of TCV on SLE patients. Methods. 16 patients were enrolled in the study; they accepted TCV regularly. SLEDAI, clinical symptoms, blood parameters including complements 3 and 4 levels, ANA, and anti-ds-DNA antibodies were tested. In addition, the side effects and drug usage were observed during the patients’ treatment and follow-up. Results. Remissions in clinical symptoms such as facial rash, vasculitis, and proteinuria were noted in most patients. There are also evident reductions in SLEDAI, anti-ds-DNA antibodies, and GC dose and increases in C3 and C4 levels, with no pathogenic side effects during treatment and follow-up. Conclusions. T cell vaccination is helpful in alleviating and regulating systemic lupus erythematosus manifestation.

scholarly journals Meropenem Combined with Ciprofloxacin Combats Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Respiratory Infections of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E. Rees ◽  
Rajbharan Yadav ◽  
Kate E. Rogers ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
Veronika Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concentration Time

ABSTRACT Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections and have been associated with reduced lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF); these isolates can become resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the time course of bacterial killing and resistance of meropenem and ciprofloxacin in combination against hypermutable and nonhypermutable P. aeruginosa. Static concentration time-kill experiments over 72 h assessed meropenem and ciprofloxacin in mono- and combination therapies against PAO1 (nonhypermutable), PAOΔmutS (hypermutable), and hypermutable isolates CW8, CW35, and CW44 obtained from CF patients with chronic respiratory infections. Meropenem (1 or 2 g every 8 h [q8h] as 3-h infusions and 3 g/day as a continuous infusion) and ciprofloxacin (400 mg q8h as 1-h infusions) in monotherapies and combinations were further evaluated in an 8-day hollow-fiber infection model study (HFIM) against CW44. Concentration-time profiles in lung epithelial lining fluid reflecting the pharmacokinetics in CF patients were simulated and counts of total and resistant bacteria determined. All data were analyzed by mechanism-based modeling (MBM). In the HFIM, all monotherapies resulted in rapid regrowth with resistance at 48 h. The maximum daily doses of 6 g meropenem (T>MIC of 80% to 88%) and 1.2 g ciprofloxacin (area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC [AUC/MIC], 176), both given intermittently, in monotherapy failed to suppress regrowth and resulted in substantial emergence of resistance (≥7.6 log10 CFU/ml resistant populations). The combination of these regimens achieved synergistic killing and suppressed resistance. MBM with subpopulation and mechanistic synergy yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. Thus, the combination of 6 g/day meropenem plus ciprofloxacin holds promise for future clinical evaluation against infections by susceptible hypermutable P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Controversies in radioiodine therapy: relation to ophthalmopathy, the possible radioprotective effect of antithyroid drugs, and use in large goitres

2002 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Bonnema ◽  
L Bartalena ◽  
AD Toft ◽  
L Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
First Choice

In routine use for more than 50 years, radioiodine ((131)I) is generally considered safe and devoid of major side effects. Therefore, it is surprising that relatively many aspects of radioiodine therapy are controversial, as illustrated by recent international questionnaire studies. Our review aims at highlighting three of these areas - namely, the influence of (131)I on the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy, the possible radioprotective effects of antithyroid drugs, and the use of (131)I in large goitres. (131)I therapy carries a small (but definite) risk of causing progression of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Identification of risk factors (thyroid dysfunction, high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies, cigarette smoking) allows the identification of patients at risk and the institution of concomitant glucocorticoid treatment, thereby hindering progression of eye disease. On the basis, largely, of retrospective data, it appears that carbimazole (or methimazole), if stopped 3-5 days before treatment, does not influence the outcome of (131)I therapy. Simultaneous thyrostatic medication most probably reduces the efficacy of (131)I, as does restarting it within 7 days. Propylthiouracil seems to have a more prolonged radioprotective effect than carbimazole. Surgery is the treatment of first choice in patients with a large goitre. However, in the case of patient ineligibility or preference, (131)I therapy may be an option. The treatment has a favourable effect on tracheal compression and inspiratory capacity, but the reduction in thyroid volume is only 30-40%. Inpatient treatment, necessitated by the large doses, makes the treatment cumbersome. Controversy related to radioiodine therapy is mainly based on the lack of adequate prospective randomised studies comparing efficacy, side effects, cost and patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals UJI RESISTENSI BAKTERI BACILLUS SP YANG DIISOLASI DARI PLAK GIGI TERHADAP MERKURI DAN ERITROMISIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Kanzil ◽  
Fatimawali . ◽  
Aaltje Manampiring
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Mer Operon ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria

Abstract: Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is used for dental fillings in the form of amalgam. To reduce the toxic effects produced by mercury, mercury resistant bacteria can be used. Bacillus sp is a gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to mercury. Besides having the mer operon genes that can transform Hg2+ to Hg0 that is less toxic, Bacillus sp bacteria also produce esterase that cause these bacteria resistant to erythromycin antibiotic. Erythromycin is a macrolide class of antibiotic used for the treatment of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus and Diphtheroids. To determine the resistance of Bacillus sp bacteria against mercury and erythromycin antibiotic. This study used a descriptive exploratory method with samples of bacteria and mercury are already available in the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Based on the research that has been conducted, showed that the Bacillus sp bacteria is resistant to mercury and erythromycin.Keywords: bacteria, bacillus sp, resistant, mercury, erythromycinAbstrak: Merkuri merupakan logam berat bersifat toksik yang digunakan untuk penambalan gigi dalam bentuk amalgam. Untuk mengurangi efek toksik yang dihasilkan oleh merkuri, dapat digunakan bakteri resisten merkuri. Bakteri Bacillus sp merupakan bakteri gram positif yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Selain memiliki gen mer operon yang dapat mengubah Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 yang kurang toksik, bakteri Bacillus sp juga membentuk esterase yang menyebabkan terjadinya resisten bakteri ini terhadap antibiotik eritromisin. Eritromisin adalah antibiotik golongan makrolid yang digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit akibat bakteri Gram positif khususnya Staphylococcus dan Diphtheroids. Untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri Bacillus sp terhadap merkuri dan antibiotik eritromisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan sampel bakteri dan merkuri yang sudah tersedia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa bakteri Bacillus sp resisten terhadap merkuri dan eritromisin.Kata Kunci: bakteri, bacillus sp, resisten, merkuri, eritromisin

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