scholarly journals Music as a trigger of religious experience: What role does culture play?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Demmrich
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Religious Music ◽  
Neuropsychological Effect ◽  
Culture Dependent

Music and religion are linked in many ways. For example, music can trigger religious experiences, which has been a topic since the beginnings of the study of the psychology of religion. Whether this musical effect is culture-dependent, a pure neuropsychological phenomenon, or a combination of both remains empirically unanswered. This cross-cultural experiment among n = 84 Turks and n = 63 Germans shows that religious music can trigger religious experience but this is, at least partially, a culture-dependent experience. Moreover, certain kinds of religious music can fail to trigger a religious experience independent of culture, which can also underpin a neuropsychological effect of musical features on religious experience. Religious experience during music is strongly predicted by positive emotions that are felt during the musical experience. Future studies should be more interdisciplinary, focusing on the effect of certain musical features on the religious experience of individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Religious Disagreement, Religious Experience, and the Evil God Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Believer ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Peer Disagreement ◽  
Epistemic Peer ◽  
Religious Disagreement

Conciliationism is the view that says when an agent who believes P becomes aware of an epistemic peer who believes not-P, that she encounters a (partial) defeater for her belief that P. Strong versions of conciliationism pose a sceptical threat to many, if not most, religious beliefs since religion is rife with peer disagreement. Elsewhere (Removed) I argue that one way for a religious believer to avoid sceptical challenges posed by strong conciliationism is by appealing to the evidential import of religious experience. Not only can religious experience be used to establish a relevant evidential asymmetry between disagreeing parties, but reliable reports of such experiences also start to put pressure on the religious sceptic to conciliate toward her religious opponent. Recently, however, Asha Lancaster-Thomas poses a highly innovative challenge to the evidential import of religious experience. Namely, she argues that an evil God is just as likely to explain negative religious experiences as a good God is able to explain positive religious experiences. In light of this, religious believers need to explain why a good God exists instead of an evil God. I respond to Lancaster-Thomas by suggesting that, at least within the context of religious experience, (i) that the evil God hypothesis is only a challenge to certain versions of theism; and (ii) that the existence of an evil God and good God are compossible.

scholarly journals A study of ethnic perception gap on consumer boycott of Korean and Canadian University students

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Kyung Jae ◽  
Hyang Ran Jeon
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Korean Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Influential Variable

Purpose In this paper, the authors aim to offer a cross-cultural comparison of the boycott intentions of university students in Canada with those of students in Korea. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from students at Inje University and York University via self-administered questionnaire. A t-test found that Canadian students’ answers showed significantly greater scores in ethnocentrism, boycott attitudes prior to reading the target article and motivations related to self-enhancement compared to those acquired from Korean students. However, the motivation of counterarguments and the boycott intentions of Korean students’ toward Rogers, the parent company of Maclean’s magazine, showed significantly higher scores than those gained from Canadian students. Findings The boycott case used in the study is Maclean’s magazine, a Canadian news magazine, which published a controversial article called, “Too Asian? Some frosh don’t want to study at an “Asian” University”. A noticeable gap in each group of students’ boycott attitude and intentions toward Rogers, the parent company of Maclean’s magazine was found. Originality/value In the multiple regression analysis, the boycott motivation of self-enhancement was the most influential variable on boycott intentions. The boycott case examined in this paper is a practical case study of cross-national grouping as well as the perceptional difference of the locus of corporate accountability that comes from cross-cultural backgrounds.

Textual Voices in Corporate Reporting: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Chinese, Italian, and American CSR Reports

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Bondi ◽  
Danni Yu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Different Sources

This article investigates direct quotations in a corpus of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports in Italian, Chinese, and English. The corpus is composed of 60 CSR reports published by Italian, Chinese, and American companies in the banking and energy sector. The study aims at exploring what types of textual voices are involved in the discourse of CSR reporting and how different sources of voices are represented, using the framework of social actor representation proposed by Van Leeuwen. The results show that the voices presented in direct quotations are often “orchestrated” by companies into “symphony” rather than “polyphony.” Most of the sources of direct quotations are represented as individuals with specified names. The comparative analysis shows that companies from different cultural backgrounds present different preferences in selecting and representing the various sources. The Italian and American CSR reports present more voices from managers, while the Chinese CSR reports show a clearer preference for voices from employees and clients.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese Humor and English Humor in Intercultural Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Sha Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Transcultural Communication ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Chinese And English

Humor plays an important role in daily life and also quite useful in interpersonal communication. Nowadays, the cross-cultural communication between the English-speaking countries and China becomes more and more frequent while some humor is difficult to appreciate with diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing the Chinese and English humor from their similarities, like the use of ambiguity and figure of speech, as well as differences, especially in functions, topics and ways of expression. Related causes are further discussed the differences. Hopefully, the findings will help to reduce the obstacles in understanding humor in different culture and promote transcultural communication in a delightful manner.

scholarly journals Bifactor Invariance Analysis of Student Conceptions of Assessment Inventory

Psico-USF ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abud Seabra Matos ◽  
Gavin Thomas Lumsden Brown ◽  
Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Student Conceptions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Conceptions Of Assessment ◽  
Cultural Properties

Abstract Student conceptions of the purposes of assessment are an important aspect of self-regulated learning. This study advances our understanding of the Student Conceptions of Assessment Inventory (SCoA) by examining the generalizability of the factorial structure of the SCoA using bifactor analysis and conducting cross-cultural invariance testing between Brazil and New Zealand. Eight different models were specified and evaluated, with the best model being adopted for invariance testing. This research adds to our understanding of the cross-cultural properties of the SCoA because the introduction of the bifactor model resulted in metric equivalence between countries, which had previously had only partial metric equivalence. Future studies should attempt to create more items around several SCoA constructs.

scholarly journals PENGALAMAN KEAGAMAAN PARA GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Fuad Nashori ◽  
R. Rachmy Diana
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study intends to get an overview of the themes and processes of religious experience in Islamic religious education teachers. Data disclosure of research respondents, namely religious teachers, was carried out using in-depth interviews. The results showed that the research respondents had a variety of religious experiences, both physiological, social-psychological, parapsychological, and spiritual. Among the various experiences above, the most prominent theme is the themes of experience of the mind. Various spiritual experiences take place through a process that involves socio-cultural conditions, opportunities, difficulties and challenges of life, worship such as praying, tahajjud prayer, diligent prayer, timely prayer, positive behavior or attitude towards others, and the nearest social environment such as brothers, uncles / mother, and so on.

Cross-Cultural Learning and Intercultural Competence

2012 ◽  
pp. 753-768
Author(s):  
Pi-Chi Han
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learning ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
International Assignments ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Adult Learning And Development ◽  
Hrd Professionals

Globalization has increased the need to understand the nature of work-related adult learning and development across national boundaries. It is driving the demand for the workforce that possesses knowledge of other countries and cultures and affecting those who are responsible for developing international learning activities. The author of this chapter calls for adult education and Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals to learn how to apply adult learning theories in cross-cultural learning to help individuals with different cultural backgrounds. This would help these professionals acquire intercultural competence and become successful in international assignments.

scholarly journals Are Tail and Ear Movements Indicators of Emotions in Tail-Docked Pigs in Response to Environmental Enrichment?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míriam Marcet-Rius ◽  
Emma Fàbrega ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi ◽  
Cécile Bienboire-Frosini ◽  
Estelle Descout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Tail Movement ◽  
Pig Farm

The inclusion of emotional indicators in farm monitoring methods can improve welfare assessments. Studies in controlled conditions have suggested that increased tail movement is an indicator of positive emotions in pigs, while others have proposed that increased ear movements are linked to negative emotions. This study aimed to investigate these indicators in pig farm conditions to analyze their validity and the effect of enrichment on welfare. Thirty-six pigs received one of the following enrichment materials: straw in a rack, wooden logs, or chains. Behavioral observations were performed by focal sampling. The results showed that tail movement duration was significantly higher when pigs exhibited “high use” (three or more pigs in a pen interacting with the enrichment) than when they exhibited “low use” (fewer than three) of enrichment (p = 0.04). A positive correlation was found between tail movement frequency and duration (r = 0.88; p = 0.02). The increase in tail movement could be considered an indicator of positive emotions in pigs when measured with other categories of indicators. Regarding ear movements, no significant difference was found. Future studies should further investigate these indicators thoroughly, as the results could be useful for improving the assessment of emotions in pigs.

scholarly journals Validating the Pro-Environmental Behavior Task in a Japanese Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Lange ◽  
Shimpei Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Japanese Sample ◽  
Controlled Experimentation ◽  
First Time

Controlled experimentation is critical for understanding the causal determinants of pro-environmental behavior. However, the potential of experimental pro-environmental behavior research is limited by the difficulty to observe pro-environmental behavior under controlled conditions. The Pro-Environmental Behavior Task (PEBT) was developed to address this limitation by facilitating the experimental analysis of pro-environmental behavior in the laboratory. Previous studies in Belgian samples have already supported the validity of the PEBT as a procedure for the study of actual pro-environmental behavior. Here, we aimed for a cross-cultural replication of this finding in a sample of N = 103 Japanese college students. Along the lines of previous studies, we found PEBT choice behavior to be sensitive to within-subject manipulations of its behavioral costs and environmental benefits. This implies that participants take these consequences into account when choosing between PEBT options. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that such consequence effects can also be detected in a less powerful between-subjects design. These results support the generality of consequence effects on PEBT choice behavior as well as the validity and utility of the PEBT for use in samples from different cultural backgrounds.

Ethical Implications of Cultural Barriers to the Depression Diagnosis: Conversations with Primary Care Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-701
Author(s):  
Diana Cagliero
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Ethical Implications

This article explores ethical issues raised by Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) when diagnosing depression and caring for cross-cultural patients. This study was conducted in three primary care clinics within a major metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. The PCPs were from a variety of ethnocultural backgrounds including South Asian, Hispanic, East Asian and Caucasian. While medical education training and guidelines aim to teach physicians about the nuances of cross-cultural patient interaction, PCPs report that past experiences guide them in navigating cross-cultural conversations and patient care. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven PCPs which were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis to explore how patients’ cultural backgrounds and understanding of depression affected PCPs’ reasoning and diagnosing of depression in patients from different cultural backgrounds. Ethical issues that arose included: limiting treatment options, expressing a patient’s mental health diagnosis in a biomedical sense to reduce stigma, and somatization of mental health symptoms. Ethical implications, such as lack of autonomy, unnecessary testing, and the possible misuse of healthcare resources are discussed.

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