Evaluation of a Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) Program in a Midwest State

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Veeh ◽  
Margaret E. Severson ◽  
Jaehoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
New Era ◽  
Offender Reentry ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Outcome Evaluations

The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) paved the way for a new era of rehabilitation in corrections’ programming. However, published outcome evaluations of SVORI programs and their progeny are limited in number. The current article presents the multiyear outcome evaluation of one prisoner reentry initiative established in a Midwestern state, which was developed within the framework of the SVORI program model. A comparison group was identified using propensity score matching to evaluate program effectiveness on the recidivism outcomes of returns to prison and new convictions. Cox proportional hazards modeling found program participants to have significantly lower hazard to incur a new conviction than the comparison group but no difference in the hazard for reincarceration. The implications of these mixed findings in recidivism outcomes are discussed for the reentry program initiative.

Effect of Pregnancy on Overall Survival After the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Breast Cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Gelber ◽  
Alan S. Coates ◽  
Aron Goldhirsch ◽  
Monica Castiglione-Gertsch ◽  
Gianluigi Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of subsequent pregnancy on the prognosis of patients with early breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred eight patients who became pregnant after diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer were identified in institutions participating in International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) studies. Fourteen had relapse of breast cancer before their first subsequent pregnancy. The remaining 94 patients (including eight who relapsed during pregnancy) formed the study group reported here. A comparison group of 188 was obtained by randomly selecting two patients, matched for nodal status, tumor size, age, and year of diagnosis from the IBCSG database, who were free of relapse for at least as long as the time between breast cancer diagnosis and completion of pregnancy for each pregnant patient. Survival comparison used Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Overall 5- and 10-year survival percentages (± SE) measured from the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer among the 94 study group patients were 92% ± 3% and 86% ± 4%, respectively. For the matched comparison group survival was 85% ± 3% at 5 years and 74% ± 4% at 10 years (risk ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.96; P = .04). CONCLUSION: Subsequent pregnancy does not adversely affect the prognosis of early-stage breast cancer. The superior survival seen in this and other controlled series may merely reflect a healthy patient selection bias, but is also consistent with an antitumor effect of the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Mid- and Late-Life Migraine Is Associated with an Increased Risk of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, but Not Vascular Dementia: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Hyunjae Yu ◽  
Son Gil Myeong ◽  
Kijoon Park ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
Prospective Association

We used a nationwide cohort sample of data from 2002 to 2013, representing approximately 1 million patients to investigate the prospective association between migraine and dementia. The migraine group (n = 1472) included patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2004, aged over 55 years; the comparison group was selected using propensity score matching (n = 5888). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs). The incidence of dementia was 13.5 per 1000 person-years in the migraine group. Following adjustment for sociodemographic and comorbidities variables, patients with migraine developed dementia more frequently than those in the comparison group (adjusted HR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.61). In the subgroup analysis, we found a higher HR of dementia events in male, the presence of comorbidities, and older age (≥65) patients with migraine, compared to those without migraine. Moreover, patients with migraine had a significantly higher incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.08–1.58), but not vascular dementia, than those without migraine. Therefore, our findings suggest that mid- and late-life migraines may be associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, but not vascular dementia.

scholarly journals Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Recent Years: Dawn of a New Era in Cardiovascular Disease in RA?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Myasoedova ◽  
Sherine E. Gabriel ◽  
Eric L. Matteson ◽  
John M. Davis ◽  
Terry M. Therneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
New Era ◽  
Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Study Population

Objective.To assess trends in cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2000–07 versus the previous decades, compared with non-RA subjects.Methods.The study population consisted of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA residents with incident RA (age ≥ 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria was met in 1980–2007) and non-RA subjects from the same underlying population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2014. Followup was truncated for comparability. Aalen-Johansen methods were used to estimate CV mortality rates, adjusting for competing risk of other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare CV mortality by decade.Results.The study included 813 patients with RA and 813 non-RA subjects (mean age 55.9 yrs; 68% women for both groups). Patients with incident RA in 2000–07 had markedly lower 10-year overall CV mortality (2.7%, 95% CI 0.6–4.9%) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0–2.7%) than patients diagnosed in 1990–99 (7.1%, 95% CI 3.9–10.1% and 4.5%, 95% CI 1.9–7.1%, respectively; HR for overall CV death: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.94; CHD death: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.95). This improvement in CV mortality persisted after accounting for CV risk factors. Ten-year overall CV mortality and CHD mortality in 2000–07 RA incidence cohort was similar to non-RA subjects (p = 0.95 and p = 0.79, respectively).Conclusion.Our findings suggest significantly improved overall CV mortality, particularly CHD mortality, in patients with RA in recent years. Further studies are needed to examine the reasons for this improvement.

Age at Exposure to Parental Suicide and the Subsequent Risk of Suicide in Young People

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ying Lee ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Kun-Chia Chang ◽  
Tsung-Hsueh Lu ◽  
Ying-Yeh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age At Exposure

Abstract. Background: We investigated the age at exposure to parental suicide and the risk of subsequent suicide completion in young people. The impact of parental and offspring sex was also examined. Method: Using a cohort study design, we linked Taiwan's Birth Registry (1978–1997) with Taiwan's Death Registry (1985–2009) and identified 40,249 children who had experienced maternal suicide (n = 14,431), paternal suicide (n = 26,887), or the suicide of both parents (n = 281). Each exposed child was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year whose parents were still alive. This yielded a total of 398,081 children for our non-exposed cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the suicide risk of the exposed and non-exposed groups. Results: Compared with the non-exposed group, offspring who were exposed to parental suicide were 3.91 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10–4.92 more likely to die by suicide after adjusting for baseline characteristics. The risk of suicide seemed to be lower in older male offspring (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.57–6.06), but higher in older female offspring (HR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.05–9.22). Stratified analyses based on parental sex revealed similar patterns as the combined analysis. Limitations: As only register-­based data were used, we were not able to explore the impact of variables not contained in the data set, such as the role of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prominent elevation in the risk of suicide among offspring who lost their parents to suicide. The risk elevation differed according to the sex of the afflicted offspring as well as to their age at exposure.

Proliferation-dominant high-grade astrocytoma: survival benefit associated with extensive resection of FLAIR abnormality region

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Jiang ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Xiaohui Ren ◽  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Extensive Resection ◽  
High Grade Astrocytoma

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between extent of resection (EOR) and survival in terms of clinical, molecular, and radiological factors in high-grade astrocytoma (HGA).METHODSClinical and radiological data from 585 cases of molecularly defined HGA were reviewed. In each case, the EOR was evaluated twice: once according to contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CE-T1WI) and once according to fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The ratio of the volume of the region of abnormality in CE-T1WI to that in FLAIR images (VFLAIR/VCE-T1WI) was calculated and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for that ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic value of each factor.RESULTSBoth the EOR evaluated from CE-T1WI and the EOR evaluated from FLAIR could divide the whole cohort into 4 subgroups with different survival outcomes (p < 0.001). Cases were stratified into 2 subtypes based on VFLAIR/VCE-T1WIwith a cutoff of 10: a proliferation-dominant subtype and a diffusion-dominant subtype. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant survival advantage for the proliferation-dominant subtype (p < 0.0001). The prognostic implication has been further confirmed in the Cox proportional hazards model (HR 1.105, 95% CI 1.078–1.134, p < 0.0001). The survival of patients with proliferation-dominant HGA was significantly prolonged in association with extensive resection of the FLAIR abnormality region beyond contrast-enhancing tumor (p = 0.03), while no survival benefit was observed in association with the extensive resection in the diffusion-dominant subtype (p=0.86).CONCLUSIONSVFLAIR/VCE-T1WIis an important classifier that could divide the HGA into 2 subtypes with distinct invasive features. Patients with proliferation-dominant HGA can benefit from extensive resection of the FLAIR abnormality region, which provides the theoretical basis for a personalized resection strategy.

scholarly journals Adaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses identified using accelerated aging metrics are linked to adverse outcomes in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽  
Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽  
Neftalí Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Enrique C. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background Chronological age (CA) is a predictor of adverse COVID-19 outcomes; however, CA alone does not capture individual responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we evaluated the influence of aging metrics PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel to predict adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, we sought to model adaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection using individual PhenoAge components. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed cases admitted to a COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City. PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel were estimated using laboratory values at admission. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate risk for COVID-19 lethality and adverse outcomes (ICU admission, intubation, or death). To explore reproducible patterns which model adaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used k-means clustering using PhenoAge components. Results We included 1068 subjects of whom 222 presented critical illness and 218 died. PhenoAge was a better predictor of adverse outcomes and lethality compared to CA and SpO2 and its predictive capacity was sustained for all age groups. Patients with responses associated to PhenoAgeAccel&gt;0 had higher risk of death and critical illness compared to those with lower values (log-rank p&lt;0.001). Using unsupervised clustering we identified four adaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1) Inflammaging associated with CA, 2) metabolic dysfunction associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities, 3) unfavorable hematological response, and 4) response associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions Adaptive responses related to accelerated aging metrics are linked to adverse COVID-19 outcomes and have unique and distinguishable features. PhenoAge is a better predictor of adverse outcomes compared to CA.

scholarly journals Adapting the Default Weighted Survival Analysis Modelling Approach to Model IFRS 9 LGD

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Morne Joubert ◽  
Tanja Verster ◽  
Helgard Raubenheimer ◽  
Willem D. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Ifrs 9

Survival analysis is one of the techniques that could be used to predict loss given default (LGD) for regulatory capital (Basel) purposes. When using survival analysis to model LGD, a proposed methodology is the default weighted survival analysis (DWSA) method. This paper is aimed at adapting the DWSA method (used to model Basel LGD) to estimate the LGD for International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 impairment requirements. The DWSA methodology allows for over recoveries, default weighting and negative cashflows. For IFRS 9, this methodology should be adapted, as the estimated LGD is a function of in the expected credit losses (ECL). Our proposed IFRS 9 LGD methodology makes use of survival analysis to estimate the LGD. The Cox proportional hazards model allows for a baseline survival curve to be adjusted to produce survival curves for different segments of the portfolio. The forward-looking LGD values are adjusted for different macro-economic scenarios and the ECL is calculated for each scenario. These ECL values are probability weighted to produce a final ECL estimate. We illustrate our proposed IFRS 9 LGD methodology and ECL estimation on a dataset from a retail portfolio of a South African bank.

scholarly journals Perioperative Geriatric Assessment as A Predictor of Long-Term Hepatectomy Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Masaki Kaibori ◽  
Hideyuki Matsushima ◽  
Morihiko Ishizaki ◽  
Hisashi Kosaka ◽  
Kosuke Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Reduction Group

This retrospective study recorded pertinent baseline geriatric assessment variables to identify risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy in 100 consecutive patients aged ≥70 years with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients had geriatric assessments of cognition, nutritional and functional statuses, and comorbidity burden, both preoperatively and at six months postoperatively. The rate of change in each score between preoperative and postoperative assessments was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the score at six months postoperatively, then dividing by the score at six months postoperatively. Patients with score change ≥0 comprised the maintenance group, while patients with score change <0 comprised the reduction group. The change in Geriatric 8 (G8) score at six months postoperatively was the most significant predictive factor for RFS and OS among the tested geriatric assessments. Five-year RFS rates were 43.4% vs. 6.7% (maintenance vs. reduction group; HR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.11–0.31; p < 0.001). Five-year OS rates were 73.8% vs. 17.8% (HR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.06–0.25; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that perioperative maintenance of G8 score was an independent prognostic indicator for both RFS and OS. Perioperative changes in G8 scores can help forecast postoperative long-term outcomes in these patients.

PETCO2 gradient: a novel prognostic parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D Poveda Pinedo ◽  
I Marco Clement ◽  
O Gonzalez ◽  
I Ponz ◽  
A.M Iniesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Parameter ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Previous parameters such as peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope and OUES have been described to be prognostic in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in HF patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of HF patients who underwent CPET from January to November 2019 in a single centre was performed. PETCO2 gradient was defined by the difference between final PETCO2 and baseline PETCO2. HF events were defined as decompensated HF requiring hospital admission or IV diuretics, or decompensated HF resulting in death. Results A total of 64 HF patients were assessed by CPET, HF events occurred in 8 (12.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Patients having HF events had a negative PETCO2 gradient while patients not having events showed a positive PETCO2 gradient (−1.5 [IQR −4.8, 2.3] vs 3 [IQR 1, 5] mmHg; p=0.004). A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that PETCO2 gradient was an independent predictor of HF events (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89]; p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly higher incidence of HF events in patients having negative gradients, p=0.002 (figure 1). Conclusion PETCO2 gradient was demonstrated to be a prognostic parameter of CPET in HF patients in our study. Patients having negative gradients had worse outcomes by having more HF events. Time to first event, decompensated heart Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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