A Scoping Review of Research on the Human Milk Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Wimberly Groer ◽  
Katherine Hope Morgan ◽  
Adetola Louis-Jacques ◽  
Elizabeth M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Research

Background The human milk microbiome is an emerging scientific area. Careful, accurate collection and measurement for microbial sequencing is imperative. There is controversy about a core microbiome, and little is known about factors that influence composition. Even less known are ways that the milk microbiome might seed the infant gut and affect health. Research aim The aim of this paper is to provide a critical appraisal of milk microbiome research. The four areas of critical appraisal were collection and measurement, composition, effects on composition, and potential health effects for infants related to the milk microbiome. Methods Using a PRISMA-ScR scoping review, we reviewed sources of evidence extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and PSYCHINFO data sets using the following criteria: English language, published in past 6 years, primary data, and sequencing using Next Generation Sequencing. Charting of sources of evidence included authors, title, journal year, sample, design, and results. The research questions posed were: How is human milk collected and how are the microbes identified? What is the composition and what factors affect the human milk microbiome? What is the relationship of the human milk microbiome to infant biology and health? Results The reviewed studies were quantitative, cross sectional, or longitudinal. A core microbiome may be present. The microbiome may seed the early infant gut and promote physiological functions and thus influence human health. Conclusions We have suggested concerns about collection and measurement that lead to gaps in knowledge generation, and mechanistic studies are lacking.

scholarly journals Experience on Prenatal Gentle Yoga Exercise during Pregnancy: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migita Vidia Amita ◽  
◽  
Sri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Background: The accelerated pace of physical and psychological changes during pregnancy can cause discomfort for pregnant women. Several studies claimed that maternal stress, depression, and anxiety level have a negative impact on birth outcomes. Yoga is a well-known exercise for emotional relaxation therapy. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of prenatal yoga exercise during pregnancy. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included Willey Online library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language, full-text, and free access articles published between 2009 and 2019. The selected articles were appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: A total of 2,232 articles obtained from the search database, in which 2,093 articles were irrelevant, 95 duplicates, and 24 articles unmet inclusion criteria were excluded. Based on the selected 20 articles, eleven articles obtained A grade, and nine articles obtained B grade with quantitative (RCT, quasi-experiment, cross-sectional) and qualitative (focus group discussion) study designs. For main thematic findings reviewed were physical, psychological, labor process, and fetal benefits of prenatal gentle yoga exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion: Prenatal gentle yoga exercise has benefits for both mother and fetus, especially the psychological well-being of mothers by reducing stress and anxiety. Active participation of husbands is required to enhance the effectiveness of prenatal yoga. Keywords: prenatal gentle yoga, pregnancy, benefit Correspondence: Migita Vidia Amita. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ring Road Barat) No. 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281466841970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.74

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effects of nicotine replacement therapy on agitation among nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S296-S296
Author(s):  
Joseph Toms ◽  
Jacob King
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

AimsThis systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) on measures of agitation amongst nicotine-dependent adult psychiatric inpatients.BackgroundSince the introduction of the smoke-free policy for all psychiatric facilities, a psychiatric admission is likely to upset a nicotine-dependent individual's normal routine of nicotine consumption. In addition to the physiological effects of nicotine withdrawal (NW), the interpersonal dynamic which nurse-led guardianship of nicotine products constructs presents stressors to the nicotine dependent patient.Several systematic reviews evaluating changes in objective measures of agitation amongst smoking patients in medical critical care units have found varied results, with some demonstrating worsening agitation with NRT use. We therefore believe that there is sufficient equipoise in the use of NRT to prompt a review of studies amongst psychiatric inpatients.MethodThis review identified English language studies through developed search strategies in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PyschINFO, PSYCHLit, Cochrane databases, and Google scholar. The bibliographies of notable papers were explored. Hand searches of five major psychiatric journals were conducted. Peer reviewed studies of any study design were included if they reported primary data of adult psychiatric inpatients. Studies were extracted from 1990 – present, this was felt appropriate as nicotine replacement patches became available in 1992.Search strategies were informed by MeSH search terms and included multiple conceptions of “agitation”, including variations on; agitation, irritability, and arousal to capture the concept from broad academic constructions. The quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochrane Collaboration tools.This review follows PRISMA guidelines, and an application for PROSPERO registration has been submitted pending acceptance.ResultTwo studies were identified which matched inclusion criteria. A double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial of 40 nicotine-dependent inpatients from Allen et al. reported a significant 23% reduction in Agitated Behaviour Scores at 24 hours following NRT administration on admission compared to their matched placebo controls. Yet a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from Okoli using scores for NW identified more severe withdrawal symptoms including “restlessness” and “anger/irritability” than nicotine-dependent patients not provided with NRT.ConclusionDespite considerable commentary within literature there is presently only one study providing moderate evidence of a positive benefit to measures of agitated behaviour from the use of NRT amongst nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients. There is currently very low evidence whether NRT improves or exacerbates the agitation associated with NW amongst nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients.

scholarly journals Electronic health records (EHR) simulation-based training: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036884
Author(s):  
Joseph K Nuamah ◽  
Karthik Adapa ◽  
Lukasz Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Free Environment

IntroductionEffective electronic health record (EHR)-based training interventions facilitate improved EHR use for healthcare providers. One such training intervention is simulation-based training that emphasises learning actual tasks through experimentation in a risk-free environment without negative patient outcomes. EHR-specific simulation-based training can be employed to improve EHR use, thereby enhancing healthcare providers’ skills and behaviours. Despite the potential advantages of this type of training, no study has identified and mapped the available evidence. To fill that gap, this scoping review will synthesise the current state of literature on EHR simulation-based training.Methods and analysisThe Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework will be employed. Three databases (PubMed, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) will be searched for published articles. ProQuest and Google Scholar will be searched to identify unpublished articles. Databases will be searched from inception to 29 January 2020. Only articles written in English, randomised control trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they will review full texts to determine articles for final inclusion. Citation chaining will be conducted to manually screen references of all included studies to identify additional studies not found by the search. A data abstraction form with relevant characteristics will be developed to help address the research question. Descriptive numerical analysis will be used to describe characteristics of included studies. Based on the extracted data, research evidence of EHR simulation-based training will be synthesised.Ethics and disseminationSince no primary data will be collected, there will be no formal ethical review. Research findings will be disseminated through publications, presentations and meetings with relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals Duration of watching TV and child language development in young children

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Silva Audya Perdana ◽  
Bernie Endyarni Medise ◽  
Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
English Language ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
Delayed Language Development

Background Many factors contribute to language development in children. About 5-8% of children in Indonesia experience delayed language skills. Young children need appropriate stimulation for optimal development. Children who watch television (TV) for long periods of time may receive less two-way interaction, the appropriate stimulation for learning. As such, shorter duration of the appropriate stimulation may impede language development in small children.Objective To assess for an association between duration of watching TV and language development in young children.Methods This cross-sectional study was done with primary data collected from questionnaires. Subjects, aged 18 months to 3 years, were from a Jakarta-area community health center (Puskesmas) Jatinegara and the Pediatric Growth and Development Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Their language development was tested using the Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan, KPSP) and the Early Language Milestone (ELM Scale 2) test.Results From a total of 84 subjects, 47 (56%) had normal and 37 (44%) had delayed language development. Duration of watching TV was categorized as <4 hours per day or >4 hours per day. Children who watched TV >4 hours/day (OR 4.4; 95%CI 1.68 to 11.7; P=0.002), and children who watched both Indonesian and English language TV programs (OR 14.7; 95%CI 1.77 to 123.0; P=0.004) had higher risk of language delay. Other variables such as sex, first age exposed to TV, use of gadgets, and TV in the bedroom had no significant associations with delayed language development.Conclusion Children who watch TV >4 hours/day had four times higher risk of developing language delay. In addition, those who watch TV programs in both Indonesian and English, also have a 14.7 higher risk of delayed language development.

scholarly journals Demand on Sectio Caesarea's Labor among Pregnant Women in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisaroh Nurasih ◽  
◽  
Cesa Septiana Pratiwi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical Indications

ABSTRACT Background: The Sectio Caesarea (SC) has continued to increase in the last decades, both globally and in developing countries. SC is not only performed on medical indications but is also performed at the request of the mother so that it has an impact on increasing CS in general. This study aimed to review the demand on Sectio Caesarea’s labor among pregnant women in developing countries. Subjects and Method: This scoping review method was selected for this study using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. This study consisted of 5 stages, namely: 1) Identifying the scoping review questions with the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) Framework; 2) Identifying articles relevant to inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducting literature searches through PubMed, Sciencedirect, Wiley and EBSCO, searching for gray literature through search engines, namely google scholar; 3) Article selection using Covidance Software with PRISMA Flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes) to describe the flow search literature, conduct critical appraisal using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools to assess the quality of articles; 4) Mapping data (data charting);and 5) Compile, summarize and report results. Results: Based on 5 articles that fit the inclusion criteria, the study design used included were qualitative, cross sectional, mix methods. Articles obtained were came from developing countries, 2 Iranian, 1 Jordan, 1 Nigerian, and 1 Cambodia. Two themes emerge from this study, namely the factors affecting the demand for SC and the role of antenatal education. Conclusion: The formation of positive and trusting relationships between women, families and health care providers can result in proper communication. Meaningful discussion is important for women in making labor decisions. Keywords: sectio caesarea, demand for pregnant women, developing countries Correspondence: Maisaroh Nurasih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No. 63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Rice Field Area, Nogotirto, Gamping District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]: Mobile: +6282137175569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.16

scholarly journals Mapping the use of soft systems methodology for change management in healthcare: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e026028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Augustsson ◽  
Kate Churruca ◽  
Jeffrey Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Soft Systems Methodology ◽  
General Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Soft Systems ◽  
Healthcare Settings

IntroductionIt is notoriously challenging to implement evidence-based care and to update and improve healthcare practices. One reason for the difficulty is the complexity of healthcare and the powerful influence of context on implementation and improvement efforts. Thus, there is a need for multifaceted, flexible change methods that takes these complexities into consideration. One approach that has the potential in this regard is soft systems methodology (SSM). However, little is known about how SSM has been applied in healthcare settings, making it difficult to assess the usefulness of SSM for implementation science or improvement research. The aim of the proposed scoping review is to examine and map the use and outcomes of SSM in healthcare.Methods and analysisThe review will adapt the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Citations will be uncovered through a comprehensive database search of the peer-reviewed literature. Two reviewers will conduct a two-stage review and selection process where the titles/abstracts are examined followed by a screening of full texts of the selected citations. Reference lists of included citations will be snowballed to identify potential additional citations. Inclusion criteria are English language, peer-reviewed empirical papers focusing on the application of SSM in a healthcare setting. Both general information about the citations and information related to the objective of the review will be extracted from the included citations and entered into a data charting form. The extracted information will be reported in diagrams and tables and summarised to present a narrative account of the literature. The proposed review will provide information on the potential for using SSM to affect change in healthcare.Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected, and thus ethical permission is unnecessary. Dissemination of results include peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

scholarly journals Physical-mental multimorbidity in children and youth: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043124
Author(s):  
Isabella Romano ◽  
Claire Buchan ◽  
Leonardo Baiocco-Romano ◽  
Mark A Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current State ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
State Of Research

ObjectiveEfforts to describe the current state of research are needed to advance the field of physical-mental multimorbidity (ie, the co-occurrence of at least one physical illness and at least one mental disorder) among children and youth. Our objective was to systematically explore the breadth of physical-mental multimorbidity research in children and youth and to provide an overview of existing literature topics.DesignScoping review.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of four key databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus as well as a thorough scan of relevant grey literature. We included studies of any research design, published in English, referring to physical-mental multimorbidity among children and youth aged ≤18 years. Studies were screened for eligibility and data were extracted, charted and summarised narratively by research focus. Critical appraisal was employed using the modified Quality Index (QI).ResultsWe included 431 studies and 2 sources of grey literature. Existing research emphasises the co-occurrence of anxiety, mood and attention disorders among children with epilepsy, asthma and allergy. Evidence consists of mostly small, observational studies that use cross-sectional data. The average QI score across applicable studies was 9.1 (SD=1.8).ConclusionsThere is a pressing need for more robust research within the field of child physical-mental multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Characterising COVID-19 empirical research production in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Mansilla ◽  
Cristian A. Herrera ◽  
Laura Boeira ◽  
Andrea Yearwood ◽  
Analia S. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Global Research

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has struck Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) particularly hard. One of the crucial areas in the international community’s response relates to accelerating research and knowledge sharing. The aim of this article is to map and characterise the existing empirical research related to COVID-19 in LAC countries and contribute to identify opportunities for strengthening future research.MethodsIn this scoping review, articles published between December 2019 and 11 November 2020 were selected if they included an empirical component (explicit scientific methods to collect and analyse primary data), LAC population was researched, and the research was about the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of publication status or language. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Scielo, CENTRAL and Epistemonikos were searched. All titles and abstracts, and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers. Data from included studies was extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second independent reviewer.Results14,406 records were found. After removing duplicates, 5,458 titles and abstracts were screened, of which 2,323 full texts were revised to finally include 1,626 empirical studies. The largest portion of research came from people/population of Brazil (54.6%), Mexico (19.1%), Colombia (11.2%), Argentina (10.4%), Peru (10.3%) and Chile (10%), while Caribbean countries concentrated 15.3%. The methodologies most used were cross-sectional studies (34.7%), simulation models (17.5%) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (13.6%). Using a modified version of WHO’s COVID-19 Coordinated Global Research Roadmap classification, 54.2% were epidemiological studies, followed by clinical management (22.3%) and candidate therapeutics (12.2%). Government and public funds support were reported in 19.2% of studies, followed by universities or research centres (9%), but 47.5% did not include any funding statement.ConclusionDuring the first part of the COVID-19 pandemic, LAC countries have contributed to the global research effort primarily with epidemiological studies, with little participation on vaccines research, meaning that this type of knowledge would be imported from elsewhere. Research agendas could be further coordinated aiming to enhance shared self-sufficiency regarding knowledge needs in the region.

scholarly journals Advanced consent for participation in acute care randomised control trials: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e039172
Author(s):  
Naomi Niznick ◽  
Ronda Lun ◽  
Brian Dewar ◽  
Dar Dowlatshahi ◽  
Michel Shamy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substitute Decision Maker ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Randomised Control Trials

IntroductionInformed consent is essential to clinical research, though obtaining informed consent for participation in research for emergency conditions is challenging. Adapted consent methods include consent from a substitute-decision maker, deferral of consent and waiver of consent. A novel approach is to use advanced consent, where a potential participant provides consent in the present in the event that they become eligible for enrolment into a future study. This scoping review will map and synthesise the literature on the use of advanced consent for participation and enrolment in randomised control trials for emergency conditions.Methods and analysisGuided by Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping review methodology framework, we will search electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials), the grey literature sources and reference lists of relevant studies. Eligible studies will include English language articles that discuss, examine or employ the use of advanced consent for enrolment in randomised control trials, specifically related to emergency conditions or emergency treatment. Diverse types of articles will be eligible for inclusion, including peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies such as randomised control trials, observational studies, surveys, systematic reviews, as well as narrative reviews and ethics papers. Studies will be screened by two independent reviewers to determine eligibility for inclusion. Data on bibliographic information, study characteristics and methodology, and reported results, specifically author disposition, will be extracted and described using qualitative analysis.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics review is not required as primary data will not be collected. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. The findings of this study will help identify knowledge gaps that may guide areas for future research and may aid in the design of future clinical trials using advanced consent.

Contributory Factors for Obesity in Elderly: Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Raihan Ismail ◽  
Noor Aman Hamid
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
Future Education

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity has been rising, adding to morbidity and mortality. As the proportion of elderly aged 60 years and above grows, so too the prevalence of obesity among this population. Obesity in the elderly is a rapidly growing public health concern as it contributes to significant changes in the health of older people. Objective: This review aims to assess the contributory factors for obesity in the elderly over the past decade. Methods: A literature search was conducted. The search was restricted to articles written in the English language published from 2008 to 2018. Qualitative studies were excluded. Results: A total of 19 full articles were retrieved, of which 18 cross-sectional and one cohort were included. The contributory factors were divided into three components: (a) socio demographic characteristics, (b) medical history and dietary factors and (c) environmental factors. Conclusions: This review informs an emerging knowledge regarding contributory factors for obesity and has implications for future education and program intervention in fighting obesity in the elderly.

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