From Power to Inaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1660-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. O. Durso ◽  
Pablo Briñol ◽  
Richard E. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Action Orientation ◽  
Validation Theory ◽  
Action Tendencies

Research has shown that people who feel powerful are more likely to act than those who feel powerless, whereas people who feel ambivalent are less likely to act than those whose reactions are univalent (entirely positive or entirely negative). But what happens when powerful people also are ambivalent? On the basis of the self-validation theory of judgment, we hypothesized that power and ambivalence would interact to predict individuals’ action. Because power can validate individuals’ reactions, we reasoned that feeling powerful strengthens whatever reactions people have during a decision. It can strengthen univalent reactions and increase action orientation, as shown in past research. Among people who hold an ambivalent judgment, however, those who feel powerful would be less action oriented than those who feel powerless. Two experiments provide evidence for this hypothesized interactive effect of power and ambivalence on individuals’ action tendencies during both positive decisions (promoting an employee; Experiment 1) and negative decisions (firing an employee; Experiment 2). In summary, when individuals’ reactions are ambivalent, power increases the likelihood of inaction.

A Little Piece of Me: When Mortality Reminders Lead to Giving to Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Dunn ◽  
Katherine White ◽  
Darren W Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Physical Integrity ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Past research demonstrates that reminders of one’s own mortality can lead to materialistic and self-serving consumer behaviors. In contrast, across five studies, we explore a condition under which mortality salience (MS) leads to increased tendency to give away one’s possessions—when the donation act is high in transcendence potential. We propose and find that consumers are more likely to donate their possessions to charity under MS (vs. comparison conditions) when the product is considered highly (vs. not highly) connected to the self. Moreover, we demonstrate that this tendency manifests only when transcendence is attainable through donation. In support of the proposition of transcendence as the underlying mechanism, the observed effects are attenuated under conditions where: (1) transcendence has already been satiated via alternative means or (2) the donated possession will not transcend the self (i.e., its physical integrity is lost by being broken down and recycled). The theoretical and practical implications of the work are discussed.

Exploring the Effect of Disability, Race-Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Scores on the Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Leslie A. Shaw ◽  
Sheida K. Raley ◽  
Michael L. Wehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

The Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) was developed to address a need in the field for tools to assess self-determination that are aligned with current best practices in assessment development and administration, and emerging research and best practices in promoting self-determination. The present study explored patterns of differences in self-determination scores across students with and without disabilities (i.e., no disability, learning disabilities, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and other health impairments) of varying racial-ethnic backgrounds (i.e., White, African American or Black, Hispanic or Latino[a], and Other) as well as the impact of receiving free and reduced price lunch (as a proxy for socioeconomic status) on self-determination scores in these groups. Findings suggest an interactive effect of disability, race-ethnicity, and free and reduced price lunch status on self-determination scores. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Self-Injuring Body Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Brucher
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Body Art ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Art Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Artistic Self

AbstractArtistic self-injury, established as an art form since the late 1960s, polarizes the audience and still raises questions about the motivations behind such actions as well as about the narrative contexts in which they occur. While past research has focused on either specific performers or specific trajectories of violence in the contexts in which each artist was working, for instance, the Vietnam War (Kathy O’Dell), this article localizes artistic self-injury within the larger coherencies of the history of mind with respect to aesthetic theories. Questions of subjectivation and desubjectivation seem especially productive for such a discussion. Read against the backdrop of the aesthetics of the Kantian sublime as a strategy of self-empowerment that sets the independence of the will against the powerlessness of the body, the self-wounding act can also be understood with Georges Bataille as a purposeful desubjectivation, in which the artist strives for a radical disempowerment through pain. A consideration of selected artists sounds out the range between these two theoretical references.

Narrative Identity

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kyratzis
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Dramatic Play ◽  
Friendship Groups ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Personal Experience Narratives

Recently, researchers have been interested in narrative as a conversational point-making activity. Some of the features of narrative (e.g., its "objectivity", Benveniste, 1971) render it ideally suited for self-exploration and positioning of the self with respect to societal institutions (Polanyi, 1989), especially in the context of conversations within friendship groups (Coates, 1996). While past research has often focused on self-constructing and political uses of narratives of personal experience, the present study examines such uses with respect to narratives produced during preschoolers' dramatic play in friendship groups. An ethnographic-sociolinguistic study that followed friendship groups in two preschool classrooms of a California university children's center was conducted. Children were videotaped in their two most representative friendship groups each academic quarter. Narrative was coded when children used explicit proposals of irrealis in one of three forms: the marked subjunctive (past tense irrealis marking in English, e.g., "they were hiding"); the paraphrastic subjunctive (unmarked irrealis proposals such as "and I'm shy"); and pretend directives such as "pretend" ("pretend we're Shy Wizards"). Also, instances of character speech were counted as narrative. Children used con-trastive forms (subjunctive, coherence markers vs. absence of subjunctive; pitch variation) to mark different phases within narrative. Collaborative self-construction was seen in the linguistic forms they used (pretend statements; tag questions; "and-elaborations") and in the identities the children constructed for their protagonists. Girls' protagonists suggested they valued qualities of lovingness, graciousness, and attractiveness. The protagonists the boys constructed suggested they valued physical power. Girls had a greater reliance on story for self-construction than boys did. It is notable that the dramatic play narratives produced during children's play in friendship groups serve some of the same functions in positioning participants with respect to one another and exploring possible selves collaboratively with one another that personal experience narratives serve in adult intimate social groups.

The impact of grounded procedures can vary as a function of perceived thought validity, meaning, and timing

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Briñol ◽  
Richard E. Petty
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Validation Theory ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cleansing (separation) inductions reduce the impact of negative and positive reactions, whereas connection manipulations magnify them. We suggest that grounded procedures can produce these effects by affecting the perceived validity of thoughts. In accord with the self-validation theory, we also note the importance of considering how moderators, such as the meaning of the action and the timing of inductions, affect outcomes.

scholarly journals The Authenticity of Myriad Things in the Zhuangzi

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Chiayu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ending Process

A large quantity of past research in philosophical Daoism has been dedicated to the authenticity of “dao”; this essay shifts the focus to the authenticity of the “myriad things 萬物 (wanwu)” in the Zhuangzi. The concept of “myriad things”, which later gains paradigmatic importance in Chinese philosophy, was first introduced in the Laozi and developed in the Zhuangzi. Under the collective heading of “myriad”, “myriad things” encompasses all of the variegated existing entities in the empirical world, while also taking into account the individual particularities of each entity without calling forth any singular or set of qualities, or “essence”, that is shared by all individuals. As a concept that safeguards individual particularities, the use of “myriad things” in the Zhuangzi serves to counterargue against the essentialist tendency to treat “humans 人 (ren)” as a collective of moral agents with a singular and identifiable moral essence. By the same token, Daoist thinkers re-interpret the meaning of “heaven 天 (tian)” with “the collective name of the myriad things 萬物之總名”, thus transferring the transcendent meaning belonging to the former as a transcendent moral authority to the myriad variegated principles that are inherent to each existing and transforming individual. The Daoist theoretical frame breaks away from that of “heaven–human” and connects the re-interpreted “heaven” with concepts of “self-so/self-affirm 自然 (ziran)”, “essentials 情 (qing)”, “nature 性 (xing)”, and “potency 德 (de)”. In this respect, “authenticity 真 (zhen)”, as it is warranted by “non-action 無為 (wuwei)”, is proposed as an ultimate state of attainment that is identified with the self-realization of each individual being as herself, over and above the so-called moral goodness and its opposite. Furthermore, the self-realization of the authenticity of the myriad things is seemingly paradoxical in the sense that, from the perspective of the “transformation of the myriad things 萬物之化”, the separation between object and subject both exists and is non-existent. The proposition of “myriad things” opposes the essentialization of human beings, whereas the doctrine of the transformation of the myriad things opposes the belief in fixed essentials in individual entities. The road to realizing “authenticity” as herself is thus a never-ending process for each individual member of the myriad things.

scholarly journals Effect of Religiosity and Dysfunctional Dating Attitudes on Youth Substance Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Teten Tharp ◽  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
Stephanie B. Richman ◽  
Rita K. Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Past Work

The current investigation examined the interactive effect of dysfunctional dating attitudes and religiosity on substance use in a large sample of youth (N=1,357) from theYouthStylessurvey. Based on past research, we explored the possibility that religiosity buffered the association between dysfunctional dating attitudes and substance use. Because age was significantly associated with all study variables, we included age in our analyses. In support of our hypothesis we found an attitude by religiosity by age interaction among youth with moderate levels of dysfunctional dating attitudes. Among these youth, the buffering effect of religiosity increased with age. For youth with low and high dysfunctional dating attitudes, religiosity did not buffer the association. The results of this study are in line with past work that suggests that the association between relationship characteristics and substance use is complex. It also identifies religiosity as a protective factor for the effect of dating attitudes on substance use but suggests that these effects may be the most important for youth with moderate levels of dysfunctional dating attitudes.

scholarly journals Finding Myself Fast and Furiously: The Role of Agency-Communion Orientation and Self-Concept Clarity in Support for Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Hyungsuk Choi ◽  
Yeosun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Proxy Variable ◽  
Orientation Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Entitlement ◽  
Intentions To Participate

The past research on radicalism is equivocal regarding the ways in which self-concept clarity shapes intentions to engage in radical behavior. Seeking to address the previous mixed findings in the literature, the present research examines how an individual’s agency-communion orientation moderates the effect of self-concept clarity on behavioral intentions for radical groups. Specifically, we propose that agency-oriented individuals show greater intentions to participate in radical groups when they experience low (vs. high) self-concept clarity, whereas communion-oriented individuals show no significant differences in their intentions to participate in radical groups across levels of self-concept clarity. A 2 (agency-communion orientation: low vs. high) × 2 (self-concept clarity: low vs. high) experimental design was used to test the hypotheses. Using gender as a proxy variable for agency-communion orientation, Study 1 shows that agency-communion orientation moderates the effect of self-concept clarity on intentions to participate in radical groups. Using chronic individual differences in agency-communion orientation, Study 2 shows that psychological entitlement mediates the interactive effect of self-concept clarity and agency-communion orientation on behavioral intentions for radical groups. Taken together, these findings support the role of agency-communion orientation and self-concept clarity in radicalism.

The Uncertain Self: How Self-Concept Structure Affects Subscription Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Savary ◽  
Ravi Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Product Choices ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Whether it is clothing, meals or an exercise regimen, consumers purchase a wide range of goods on a recurring basis using a subscription model. While past research indicates that people continue to subscribe to these services even when they rarely use them, no work to date has examined how identity considerations affect preferences in this domain. Building on research on signaling and self-concept structure, we propose that quitting an ongoing subscription can threaten the stability of the self-concept by signaling a change in identity. Consumers who are uncertain about their self-concept (i.e., low self-concept clarity) and motivated to maintain a stable self-concept are thus more likely to keep unused subscriptions than those who are more certain. In support of the underlying mechanism, we demonstrate that self-concept clarity affects choices only for identity-relevant subscription choices, and that it affects choices for subscriptions, but not one-shot product choices that are a weaker signal of identity. Finally, because signing up for a new subscription also signals an identity change that can threaten the stability of the self, consumers with low self-concept clarity are also less likely to subscribe to a new service compared to those with more certain self-concepts.

scholarly journals Subliminal Affect Regulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils B. Jostmann ◽  
Sander L. Koole ◽  
Nickie Y. van der Wulp ◽  
Daniel A. Fockenberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Subliminal Priming ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Action Orientation ◽  
Happy Expression

Abstract. Past research has linked action orientation to intuitive affect regulation ( Koole & Jostmann, 2004 ; Kuhl, 1981 ). The present research examines whether action orientation can regulate subliminally activated affect. In an experimental study, action- vs. state-oriented participants were exposed to subliminal primes of schematic faces with an angry, neutral, or happy expression. Participants subsequently rated their affect on a basic affect measure. The results showed prime-congruent effects among state-oriented individuals: subliminal angry primes led to lower basic affect compared to subliminal happy primes. Action-oriented participants were not influenced by the subliminal priming in their basic affective reactions. The authors conclude that action orientation is a regulator of basic affective responses, even when these responses are triggered outside of conscious awareness.

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