Improvement of technological properties of wood plastic composites reinforced with glass and carbon fibre fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (9_suppl) ◽  
pp. S1457-S1465
Author(s):  
Sefa Durmaz ◽  
Yusuf Z Erdil ◽  
Erkan Avci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

In this study, HDPE-based flat-pressed WPCs were reinforced with glass fibre and carbon fibre woven fabrics, which could be used where high strength and stiffness are required. The effect of reinforcement on some physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and fire performance was investigated. According to the results, the increase in woven fabric density resulted in holding much water in the microvoids in the fabric, which increased water absorption up to 32.96%. Reinforcement also resulted in increased hardness. In general, continuous filaments in the fabric significantly increased mechanical properties. The improvement exceeded over 400% for tensile strength compared to unreinforced control samples, while the increases were 129% and 115% for the flexural strength and MOE, respectively. The interlocking of matrix and woven fabrics is an important factor that affects load transfer. The strong interaction between wood-polymer and the wood-polymer-woven fabric was observed from the SEM investigation. The thermal stability of composites was also improved, possibly due to the homogeneous distribution of heat within fibres. Glass and carbon fibres presumably acted as a buffer against increasing heat, increasing the onset temperature. Moreover, according to the LOI test, the need for oxygen increased from 24.72 to 26.01 with the effect of wood flour and reinforcement.

scholarly journals CARBON FIBRE ALIGNMENT FOR REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING EMBROIDERY TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
J. Domenech-Pastor ◽  
P. Diaz-Garcia ◽  
D. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites

Composites are materials formed by the combination of two or more components that acquire better properties than the ones obtained by each component on its own. Composites have been widely used in the industry due to its light weight and good mechanical properties. To improve these properties several layers of reinforced material (e.g., carbon fibre) are overlapped which produce an increase in the fibre consumption. In this sense Tailored Fibre Placement (TFP) embroidery can offer good opportunity to reduce the consumption of reinforced fibre while improving the mechanical properties due to the alignment of the fibres in the effort direction. This study analyzes the performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites with Polyester resin made with TFP embroidery technology against flexural strength efforts and without using plain woven fabrics to demonstrate that the use of reinforcement fabrics in composites can be optimized by a curved alignment of the fibers. Two different structures were embroidered with TFP technology, one simulating a woven fabric with straight unidirectional alignment of fibres in horizontal and vertical direction, and a second structure made with curvilinear alignment of carbon fibers. After the study of the flexural mechanical properties an improvement of 18% was obtained in maximum flexural strength.

Validation of Macroscopic Forming Simulations of a Unidirectional Pre-Impregnated Material through Optical Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexane Margossian ◽  
François Dumont ◽  
Uwe Beier
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

Presenting interesting aspects such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic components are frequently used in the aerospace industry. The forming step, which conforms the reinforcement to a specific geometry, is a sensitive phase of the manufacturing process. In order to detect the occurrence of defects prior to any trial, forming methods are often simulated via finite element software. The presented work will detail the simulation validation of a double curved helicopter frame forming out of a unidirectional carbon fibre pre-impregnated material (M21E, Hexcel®). The finite element model was based on an explicit approach at a macroscopic level and developed via the commercially available software Visual-Crash PAM (ESI®) [1]. The validation was carried out on six different preforms. Measurements of the top layers were performed by an enhanced version of a 4D measuring system, originally developed for non-woven fabric [2], able to make reproducible photographic and height measurements (Fig. 1). Experimental results were then compared to simulated ones. Due to material specificities, the photo quality reached for non-crimp fabrics could not be achieved [2]. After hardware and software modifications, measurements and analyses were eventually successfully completed. The validation of the simulation reached an accuracy of 1° to 3° depending on the geometrical features of the preform (Fig. 2).

Realistic Performance Requirements for Steel in Structures

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Bjorhovde
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Metallurgical Structure ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Loaded Structure

Steel offers significant advantages for construction: it has high strength and stiffness and ample deformation and stress redistribution capacities for many applications, it does not crack or otherwise fracture under normal conditions, and is available in many grades and geometric forms. On the other hand, structures will be subjected to high deformation demands due to various conditions during fabrication, construction and service. A dynamically loaded structure may experience fatigue or fracture; seismic events create major deformation demands on structural members and connections; and fabrication methods such as welding require very large local deformability of the steel under certain conditions. However, the chemical composition and metallurgical structure of steel are very complex, and the models that are used by codes to reflect the mechanical response bear little resemblance to what it will experience under actual conditions. For example, steel is anisotropic, as a result of production operations and other plastic deformation effects. Although the anisotropy normally is of no consequence, it will affect the response of the steel in many loading and deformation demand situations. For another, the behavior of steel is a function of deformation history, to the effect that it may respond as a high strength, low ductility material, given the prior occurrence of large displacements. The paper addresses the properties of a range of structural steels, how these are incorporated into design standards and how the standards define deformation characteristics and demands. Several examples from practice illustrate the primary behavioral characteristics. However, most of today's design requirements are strength-oriented, with focus on element load-carrying and load-transfer capacities. With the current move towards performance-based design standards and especially the demands imposed by seismic and other extreme load conditions, it is clear that deformation considerations need to be better recognized and incorporated into the structural design criteria.

scholarly journals Aerospace Industry and Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol vm02 (is02) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Sevim Yolcular Karaoglu ◽  
Serdar Karaoglu ◽  
Imgesu Unal
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

Researchers have turned to search for new materials that will meet all the aerospace industry requirements. When it is almost impossible to achieve this with a single material, composite materials have been studied, and there have been great developments in this field. Many elements are used in aircraft construction, but aluminum is the most preferred due to its low density, good castability, high strength, corrosion resistance, and good fatigue strength. However, its strength and stiffness limit its usability. To solve this problem, aluminum is combined with various elements. Aluminum metal matrix composites are an example of this. Aluminum metal matrix composites are preferred in aircraft applications due to their high specific modulus and good mechanical and thermal properties. This review provides information on the use of aluminum metal matrix composite materials in the aerospace industry.

scholarly journals By-Products from Food Industry as a Promising Alternative for the Conventional Fillers for Wood–Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Anton Kuzmin ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Wood Polymer Composites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The present paper describes the application of two types of food-industry by-products, brewers’ spent grain (BSG), and coffee silverskin (ŁK) as promising alternatives for the conventional beech wood flour (WF) for wood–polymer composites. The main goal was to investigate the impact of partial and complete WF substitution by BSG and ŁK on the processing, structure, physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of resulting composites. Such modifications enabled significant enhancement of the melt flowability, which could noticeably increase the processing throughput. Replacement of WF with BSG and ŁK improved the ductility of composites, which affected their strength however. Such an effect was attributed to the differences in chemical composition of fillers, particularly the presence of proteins and lipids, which acted as plasticizers. Composites containing food-industry by-products were also characterized by the lower thermal stability compared to conventional WF. Nevertheless, the onset of decomposition exceeding 215 °C guarantees a safe processing window for polyethylene-based materials.

scholarly journals Use of Extended Cover Factor Theory in UV Protection of Woven Fabric

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Klara Kostajnšek ◽  
Krste Dimitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Cover Factor ◽  
Coefficient Of Reflection ◽  
Uv Protective Properties

The paper presents an extension of existed cover factor theory more suitable for the evaluation of light penetration through a net woven fabrics structure. It also introduces a new simplified model of predicting the ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of woven fabrics assuming that the coefficient of reflection (KR), transmission (KT), and absorption (KA) of constitutive yarns are known. Since usually they are not, the procedure of preparation of simulation of proper woven fabric samples without interlacing and with known constructional parameters is also presented. The procedure finishes with a fast and cheap detection of missed coefficient for any type of yarns. There are differences between theoretical and measured results, which are not particularly significant in regard to the purpose and demands of investigation.

scholarly journals Materials for Automotive Lightweighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Taub ◽  
Emmanuel De Moor ◽  
Alan Luo ◽  
David K. Matlock ◽  
John G. Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the weight of automobiles is a major contributor to increased fuel economy. The baseline materials for vehicle construction, low-carbon steel and cast iron, are being replaced by materials with higher specific strength and stiffness: advanced high-strength steels, aluminum, magnesium, and polymer composites. The key challenge is to reduce the cost of manufacturing structures with these new materials. Maximizing the weight reduction requires optimized designs utilizing multimaterials in various forms. This use of mixed materials presents additional challenges in joining and preventing galvanic corrosion.

Applications of Variable-Axial Fibre Designs in Lightweight Fibre Reinforced Polymers

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 757-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Richter ◽  
Axel Spickenheuer ◽  
Lars Bittrich ◽  
Kai Uhlig ◽  
Gert Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

A load dependent and curvilinear respectively variable-axial fibre design can notably enhance the strength and stiffness of lightweight components compared to fibre reinforced structures made of common multiaxial fibre textiles. At the Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF) special design strategies are in the focus of current studies. Two currently developed components made of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, a lightweight three-legged stool and a lightweight recurve bow riser, are described within this paper.

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