Bacterial Colonization of the Skin Following Aseptic Preoperative Preparation and Impact of the Use of Plastic Adhesive Drapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Falk-Brynhildsen ◽  
Örjan Friberg ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
Ulrica G. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Surgical Team ◽  
Preoperative Preparation ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Wound Contamination ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chlorhexidine Solution

Surgical site contamination, for example, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, probably derives from both the patient’s own skin flora and those of the surgical team. Despite preoperative antiseptic preparation with chlorhexidine solution, complete sterilization of the skin is not possible and gradual recolonization will occur. Plastic adhesive drape is an established method used to prevent direct wound contamination from adjacent skin. In this study, the time to skin recolonization after antiseptic preparation was measured and the impact of using plastic adhesive drape on this recolonization was evaluated. Repeated bacterial sampling using three different methods over 6 hr was conducted after antiseptic preparation in 10 volunteers. Recolonization of skin was observed after 30 min with plastic drape and after 60 min without plastic drape; there were significantly more positive cultures with the plastic drape than without (31% vs. 7.5%, respectively, p < .001). Sampling with a rayon swab was the most sensitive sampling method. In conclusion, covering the skin with a plastic adhesive drape seems to hasten recolonization of the skin after antiseptic preparation. However, clinical trials to confirm this finding are warranted.

Low Immunogenicity AllowsStaphylococcus Epidermidisto Cause Pd Peritonitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Jung ◽  
Petra Lüthje ◽  
Joachim Lundahl ◽  
Annelie Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPeritonitis is a common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Coagulase-negative staphylococci from the patient's own skin flora are the most commonly found micro-organisms.ObjectiveIn the present study we aim to elucidate the immune response in the early stage of infection and to clarify the importance of bacterial attachment to fibrinogen.MethodsClinical Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates collected from PD peritonitis or the residential skin flora of healthy individuals were used to infect monocytes, macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence or absence of fibrinogen. The S. epidermidis strain HB (fbe+), expressing the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbe, and its isogenic mutant STO56 (fbe–) were used to study the impact of Fbe during cell infection. Immune induction was measured as interleukin-8 (IL-8) production determined by ELISA. Modulation of CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophils incubated in conditioned medium from these experiments was analyzed in order to judge the cellular response.ResultsS. epidermidis causing peritonitis was less immunogenic compared to strains belonging to the residential skin flora, as measured by IL-8 induction in monocytes and CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophils. At low bacterial concentrations, attachment to fibrinogen was a prerequisite for an IL-8 induction in monocytes and PBMC. The fibrinogen-binding protein Fbe did not, however, influence immune induction under this condition.ConclusionsWe suggest that S. epidermidis strains may be able to cause clinical infection by evoking an inadequate immunological response in the early stage of infection. Bacterial attachment to fibrinogen is a relevant event during this phase but independent of the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbe.

scholarly journals Identifikasi dan Hitung Koloni Bakteri pada Tangan Perawat Kamar Operasi Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Sebelum dan Sesudah Cuci Tangan dengan Antiseptik Klorheksidin Glukonat

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Devi Devi ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Kuswan Ambar Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Before And After

Handwashing is an important thing to do and the most effective way in order to prevent nosocomial infection andinfection control. The most popular surgery’s handwashing is fuerbringer method. The purpose of this study was toknow the effectivity of hand washing from the nurses that work at central operation theather Arifin Achmad GeneralHospital Pekanbaru before and after washing hand with chlorhexidine gluconat antiseptic. This study method waslaboratoric descriptive with 22 samples which got from total sampling method. Bacterial was found from all sample.Bacterial which were found from the samples before hand washing were Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS)(62.9%), Bacillus sp (20%), Metichillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (11.4%) and Metichillin sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (5.7%). Bacterial which found after doing hand wash were CONS (52.9%), Bacillussp (17.7%), Escherichia coli (8.8%), MRSA (11.8%), and MSSA (5.9%). The result of this bacterial colonizationarea showed the reduction of bacterial colonization after doing hand wash in 90.1% sample , which mostly reductionwas happen from II degree to I (36.4%).

The Impact of Demographic Factor on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Study of Retail Sector in Delhi NCR

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsher Singh ◽  
Ameet Sao
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The retail sector is growing a faster pace in India due to demographic shift in population and growing middle class. It is an opportunity for both organized and unorganized sectors. The purpose of this article is to study the customer perception and shopping experience about organized and unorganized retailing with special reference to Delhi and NCR and find out whether the preferences for organized and unorganized retailing are dependent or independent demographic characteristics of consumers. The study has used the primary data collected from 200 respondents through survey method using structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used during the

scholarly journals The Impact of Dental Implant Surface Modifications on Osseointegration and Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Stefanie Kligman ◽  
Zhi Ren ◽  
Chun-Hsi Chung ◽  
Michael Angelo Perillo ◽  
Yu-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
The Impact

Implant surface design has evolved to meet oral rehabilitation challenges in both healthy and compromised bone. For example, to conquer the most common dental implant-related complications, peri-implantitis, and subsequent implant loss, implant surfaces have been modified to introduce desired properties to a dental implant and thus increase the implant success rate and expand their indications. Until now, a diversity of implant surface modifications, including different physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been applied to a broad range of materials, such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone, to achieve these goals. Ideal modifications enhance the interaction between the implant’s surface and its surrounding bone which will facilitate osseointegration while minimizing the bacterial colonization to reduce the risk of biofilm formation. This review article aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation, which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

scholarly journals The Impact of Notification Modality and Ambient Sound on Users’ Mobile Interaction

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsiung Chen ◽  
Miao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Mobile Interaction ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impacts of different notification modalities used in low and high ambient sound environments for mobile phone interaction. Three different notification modalities—Shaking Visual, Shaking Visual + Vibration, and Vibration—were designed and experimentally tested by asking users to conduct a maze task. A total of 72 participants were invited to take part in the experiment through the convenience sampling method. The generated results indicated that (1) the notification modality affects participants’ task completion time, (2) the error rate pertinent to the number of notifications is positively related to the participants’ task completion time, and (3) the ambient sound level and notification modalities impact the overall experience of the participants. The main contributions of this study are twofold. First, it verifies that the multi-dimensional feature of a Shaking Visual + Vibration synesthesia notification design is implementable. Second, this study demonstrated that the synesthesia notification could be feasible for mobile notification, and it was more perceptible by the users.

Vulnerability to Natural Disaster and Welfare Effect: A Case Study of Flood Risk in Vietnam’s North Central Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962199349
Author(s):  
Manh-Hung Nguyen ◽  
Dung P Le ◽  
Thang T Vo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
North Central ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Household Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of flood risk on vulnerability and welfare at the household level in Vietnam. The analytical sample is taken from a household survey conducted in a north central Vietnam community through a three-stage stratified random sampling method. The propensity score matching approach is employed to compare various welfare indicators between flooded and non-flooded households. This study finds that flooding results in significant income losses and imposes higher costs of living, especially housing costs. The two types of households are vulnerable, implying that other natural disasters or socio-economic disadvantages may have adverse effects on households’ livelihoods. The insignificant effect of floods on vulnerability indicates that the flooded households can cope with floods to some extent. However, contrary to family support, formal coping strategies are insufficient or ineffective at reducing household vulnerability to floods.

scholarly journals Relevance of Biofilm Models in Periodontal Research: From Static to Dynamic Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Andrea Alonso-Español ◽  
Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal ◽  
Bettina Alonso ◽  
David Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
The Impact

Microbial biofilm modeling has improved in sophistication and scope, although only a limited number of standardized protocols are available. This review presents an example of a biofilm model, along with its evolution and application in studying periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In 2011, the ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) research group at the University Complutense of Madrid developed an in vitro biofilm static model using representative bacteria from the subgingival microbiota, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to in vivo subgingival biofilms. When the model and its methodology were standardized, the ETEP research group employed the validated in vitro biofilm model for testing in different applications. The evolution of this model is described in this manuscript, from the mere observation of biofilm growth and maturation on static models on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs, to the evaluation of the impact of dental implant surface composition and micro-structure using the dynamic biofilm model. This evolution was based on reproducing the ideal microenvironmental conditions for bacterial growth within a bioreactor and reaching the target surfaces using the fluid dynamics mimicking the salivary flow. The development of this relevant biofilm model has become a powerful tool to study the essential processes that regulate the formation and maturation of these important microbial communities, as well as their behavior when exposed to different antimicrobial compounds.

The Impact of the Learning Environment on Student Engagement in High School Classrooms

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
David J. Shernoff ◽  
Stephen M. Tonks ◽  
Brett Anderson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Public High School ◽  
High School Classrooms ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents a study that investigated characteristics of the learning environment predicting for student engagement in public high school classrooms. Students in seven high school classrooms in five different subject areas were observed and videoed in order to predict their engagement as measured by the experience sampling method (ESM).

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