scholarly journals Insights into Bacterial Community Involved in Bioremediation of Aged Oil-Contaminated Soil in Arid Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 117693432110168
Author(s):  
Rita Rahmeh ◽  
Abrar Akbar ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Hamad Al-Mansour ◽  
Mohamed Kishk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Global Concern

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons due to oil spills has become a global concern and it has more implications in oil producing regions. Biostimulation is considered as one of the promising remediation techniques that can be adopted to enhance the rate of degradation of crude oil. The soil microbial consortia play a critical role in governing the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the degradation pattern of TPHs and PAHs of Kuwait soil biopiles was measured at three-month intervals. Then, the microbial consortium associated with oil degradation at each interval was revealed through 16S rRNA based next generation sequencing. Rapid degradation of TPHs and most of the PAHs was noticed at the first 3 months of biostimulation with a degradation rate of pyrene significantly higher compared to other PAHs counterparts. The taxonomic profiling of individual stages of remediation revealed that, biostimulation of the investigated soil favored the growth of Proteobacteria, Alphaprotobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, and Acidobacteria groups. These findings provide a key step towards the restoration of oil-contaminated lands in the arid environment.

Oil Spills in a Tropical Country – Brazilian Case Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.T. Gabardo ◽  
M.E.R. Carneiro ◽  
L.V. Falcão ◽  
M.F.G. Meniconi ◽  
S.M. Barband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Faced with the latest experiences on Brazilian oil spill incidents, Petrobras has been trying to overcome many challenges in environmental management and operational safety, aiming to prevent environmental risks. This paper presents the oil characterizations and monitoring studies in affected ecosystems such as the hot spots on soils affected by the Iguassu River oil spill (occurred in July 2000, due to a pipeline rupture in the scraper area of REPAR, a Petrobras refinery located in the state of Parana), by the Vessel Vergina II oil spill in São Sebastião channel (located in the state of São Paulo, occurred in November 2000) and lastly, the Guanabara Bay oil spill (a pipeline rupture that occurred in January 2000, due to a pipeline rupture between oil terminal and REDUC, a Petrobras refinery located in the state of Rio de Janeiro). Chemical analysis were performed in different sample matrixes including many parameters such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), aliphatic compounds (n-alkanes), unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), terpanes and steranes, that are the parameters usually monitored after a spill oil. Visual inspections were also performed mainly in Guanabara Bay in order to identify the affected ecosystems by the spilled oil and to plot maps of classified regions based on the level of visual oil contamination. The acute toxicity was evaluated in water soluble fraction (WSF) of the spilled oils using ecotoxicological tests.

scholarly journals Comparison of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Consortia from Surface and Deep Waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Characterization and Degradation Potential

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Georgia Charalampous ◽  
Efsevia Fragkou ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
Alexandre B. De Menezes ◽  
Paraskevi N. Polymenakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Set Up

The diversity and degradation capacity of hydrocarbon-degrading consortia from surface and deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea were studied in time-series experiments. Microcosms were set up in ONR7a medium at in situ temperatures of 25 °C and 14 °C for the Surface and Deep consortia, respectively, and crude oil as the sole source of carbon. The Deep consortium was additionally investigated at 25 °C to allow the direct comparison of the degradation rates to the Surface consortium. In total, ~50% of the alkanes and ~15% of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded in all treatments by Day 24. Approximately ~95% of the total biodegradation by the Deep consortium took place within 6 days regardless of temperature, whereas comparable levels of degradation were reached on Day 12 by the Surface consortium. Both consortia were dominated by well-known hydrocarbon-degrading taxa. Temperature played a significant role in shaping the Deep consortia communities with Pseudomonas and Pseudoalteromonas dominating at 25 °C and Alcanivorax at 14 °C. Overall, the Deep consortium showed a higher efficiency for hydrocarbon degradation within the first week following contamination, which is critical in the case of oil spills, and thus merits further investigation for its exploitation in bioremediation technologies tailored to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Environmental DNA preserved in marine sediment for detecting jellyfish blooms after a tsunami

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Ogata ◽  
Reiji Masuda ◽  
Hiroya Harino ◽  
Masayuki K. Sakata ◽  
Makoto Hatakeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Tank Experiment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) can be a powerful tool for detecting the distribution and abundance of target species. This study aimed to test the longevity of eDNA in marine sediment through a tank experiment and to use this information to reconstruct past faunal occurrence. In the tank experiment, juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were kept in flow-through tanks with marine sediment for two weeks. Water and sediment samples from the tanks were collected after the removal of fish. In the field trial, sediment cores were collected in Moune Bay, northeast Japan, where unusual blooms of jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) occurred after a tsunami. The samples were analyzed by layers to detect the eDNA of jellyfish. The tank experiment revealed that after fish were removed, eDNA was not present in the water the next day, or subsequently, whereas eDNA was detectable in the sediment for 12 months. In the sediment core samples, jellyfish eDNA was detected at high concentrations above the layer with the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reflecting tsunami-induced oil spills. Thus, marine sediment eDNA preserves a record of target species for at least one year and can be used to reconstruct past faunal occurrence.

scholarly journals Fate of hydrocarbon pollutants in source and non-source control sustainable drainage systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Roinas ◽  
Cath Mant ◽  
John B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Sustainable drainage (SuDs) is an established method for managing runoff from developments, and source control is part of accepted design philosophy. However, there are limited studies into the contribution source control makes to pollutant removal, especially for roads. This study examines organic pollutants, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in paired source and non-source control full-scale SuDs systems. Sites were selected to cover local roads, trunk roads and housing developments, with a range of SuDs, including porous asphalt, swales, detention basins and ponds. Soil and water samples were taken bi-monthly over 12 months to assess pollutant loads. Results show first flush patterns in storm events for solids, but not for TPH. The patterns of removal for specific PAHs were also different, reflecting varying physico-chemical properties. The potential of trunk roads for pollution was illustrated by peak runoff for TPH of > 17,000 μg/l. Overall there was no significant difference between pollutant loads from source and non-source control systems, but the dynamic nature of runoff means that longer-term data are required. The outcomes of this project will increase understanding of organic pollutants behaviour in SuDs. This will provide design guidance about the most appropriate systems for treating these pollutants.

Quality attributes and safety of processed meat products in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Jegede ◽  
O. A. Ogunwole ◽  
A. B. Omojola
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Consumption of processed meat products has greatly increased due to availability and accessibility of ready to eat meat products. Despite increased patronage of ready to eat meat products, food safety implication of processed ready-to-eat-meat products is of global concern. Against this background, this study was aimed at assessing the quality and safety of processed ready to eat meat products sold in Ibadan. Samples of asun, suya and kundi were randomly collected from four selected markets in Ibadan metropolis and subjected to chemical analyses. The total cholesterol content in suya (1538.00 mg/100mg) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in asun (1277.60 mg/100mg) and kundi (1277.60 mg/100mg). Kundi had significantly (P<0.005) higher crude protein (70.66 %) and ether extract (23.42 %) than asun with 20.17 % and 10.85 % ether extract, respectively. Lipid peroxidation of suya (6.18 mg/MDA/kg) at day 28 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than kundi (4.50 mg/MDA/kg) and asun (4.19 mg/MDA/kg). The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) was 5.31μg/kg in suya, 2.02μg/kg in asun and 1.55μg/kg in kundi. The total heterocyclic aromatic amine (THAA) was 51.66 ng/g in suya, 28.12 ng/g in asun and 23.70 ng/g in kundi. The total heterotrophic bacteria count in suya (28.17 ×10-3cfu/g) was higher than in kundi (11.19 ×10-3cfu/g) and asun (3.99×10-3cfu/g). Therefore, safe keeping and quality of suya in Ibadan metropolis was low based on the above parameters measured.

scholarly journals Soil Aggregation and Organic Carbon Dynamics in Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Ge ◽  
Shuiyuan Fang ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Rongwei Zhu ◽  
Sili Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon

Soil resident water-stable macroaggregates (diameter (Ø) > 0.25 mm) play a critical role in organic carbon conservation and fertility. However, limited studies have investigated the direct effects of stand development on soil aggregation and its associated mechanisms. Here, we examined the dynamics of soil organic carbon, water-stable macroaggregates, litterfall production, fine-root (Ø < 1 mm) biomass, and soil microbial biomass carbon with stand development in poplar plantations (Populus deltoides L. ‘35’) in Eastern Coastal China, using an age sequence (i.e., five, nine, and 16 years since plantation establishment). We found that the quantity of water-stable macroaggregates and organic carbon content in topsoil (0–10 cm depth) increased significantly with stand age. With increasing stand age, annual aboveground litterfall production did not differ, while fine-root biomass sampled in June, August, and October increased. Further, microbial biomass carbon in the soil increased in June but decreased when sampled in October. Ridge regression analysis revealed that the weighted percentage of small (0.25 mm ≤ Ø < 2 mm) increased with soil microbial biomass carbon, while that of large aggregates (Ø ≥ 2 mm) increased with fine-root biomass as well as microbial biomass carbon. Our results reveal that soil microbial biomass carbon plays a critical role in the formation of both small and large aggregates, while fine roots enhance the formation of large aggregates.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of clayey soil contaminated with crude oil: comparison of dynamic and static biopiles in lab-scale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Lopes ◽  
Graciane Silva ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Sérgio Machado Correa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Technological Options

Bioremediation of aged and newly clayey soil contaminated with crude oil was investigated in lab-scale using two different strategies (biostimulation-BIOS and bioaugmentation-BIOA), also simulating two different technological options: dynamic biopile (M) and static biopile with forced aeration (B). The inoculum used for bioaugmentation was obtained from the aged contaminated soil. The treatments were performed in triplicates and included one control (original contaminated soil-CONT). The treatments were monitored with soil sampling obtained after 0, 24, 59 and 121 days when the populations of total heterotrophic microorganism (THM), total fungi (TF), and oil-degrading microorganism (ODM) as well as the extracted total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) prioritized by U.S. EPA were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed a trend for reduction of the microbial population density from 0 to 121 days. As expected, the population densities of THM and ODM were much higher in bio-augmented soils in both technologies (BIOA-m and BIOA-b) at day 0. However, after 121 days, the superiority in THM density was observed only in the bioreactor simulating static biopile with forced aeration (BIOA-b). Regarding treatment efficiency, the static biopile with forced aeration performed better in the removal of TPH when associated with bioaugmentation (BIOA-b), being equivalent to the microcosms (simulating dynamic biopile) for the other treatments (CONT and BIOS). For PAH, the superiority of the bioreactor was less conspicuous but observed in both bioremediation strategies (biostimulation BIOS-b and bioaugmentation BIOA-b). The results suggested that regarding TPH, the strategy of bioaugmentation was superior to biostimulation and that the bioreactor (simulating static biopile with forced aeration) reached better contaminant reductions than the microcosm (simulating dynamic biopile). Clayey soil contaminated with crude oil poses big challenges for the bioremediation, due to the texture of the soil favouring adsorption of organic contaminants and due to the complex crude oil composition. The bioprocesses are slow, cleavage of larger molecules are likely to generate smaller hydrocarbons and therefore the elimination of the toxicity is very slow, which may require longer periods and auxiliary tools, such as surfactants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Bioaugmentation Potential of Locally Isolated Beneficial Microorganisms Consortium for Treatment of Tar-Balls

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Nur Zaida Zahari ◽  
◽  
Erma Hani Baharudzaman ◽  
Piakong Mohd Tuah ◽  
Fera Nony Cleophas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Tar Balls ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Bioreactor System

Oil spills are one of the environmental pollutions that commonly occur along coastal areas. Tar-balls are one of the products that come from the oil spill pollution. In this study, tar-ball pollution was monitored at 10 points along the coastline of Marintaman Beach in Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia. This research determined the physical characteristics, composition, and concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tar-balls. The total number of tar-balls collected was 227 (n=227). The tar-balls were observed in various shapes and the sizes were recorded in the range of 0.1 cm to 6.9 cm. The composition and concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the outer and inner layer of tar-balls were determined. The results showed that the main Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were found in inner layers of the tar-balls with benzo (g,h,i) perylene (72.26 mg/kg), flourene (59.87 mg/kg), dibenzo (a,h) anthracene (44.48 mg/kg), indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene (78.18 mg/kg), and benzo (e) fluoranthene (45.70 mg/kg), respectively. Further research was done with the bioaugmentation study of locally isolated beneficial microorganisms (LIBeM) consortium for treatment of tar-balls in an Aerated Static Pile (ASP) bioreactor system. The results showed that, after 84 days of treatment, this consortium, consisting of C. tropicalis-RETL-Cr1, C. violaceum-MAB-Cr1, and P. aeruginosa-BAS-Cr1, was able to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) by 84% as compared to natural attenuation (19%). The microbial population of this consortium during the biodegradation study is also discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Carbon and Microbial Dynamics in Soil on Biochar Compost Plus Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Wahyu Purbalisa ◽  
Ina Zulaehah ◽  
Dolty Melyga W. Paputri ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Compost Treatment ◽  
Screen House

Carbon and microbes in the soil fluctuated from time to time due to various things. This study aims to determine the dynamics of carbon and microbes in the soil in the treatment of biochar-compost. In addition to the use of biochar-compost, this research also uses nano biochar and enrichment with microbial consortia. The study was conducted at the screen house using a complete randomized design with three replications with following treatments: control / without organic fertilizer (P0), compost (P1), biochar-compost 1: 4 (P2), nano-biochar-compost 1: 4 (P3 ), biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P4), compost + microbial consortia (P5) and biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P6) with a dose of 2.5 tons/ha respectively. Biochar comes from corncobs. Compost biochar plus application was made before planting.  Parameters observed were soil carbon (C-organic), soil acidity (pH) at 7 DAA, 37 DAA and after harvest, and the total soil microbial population at 2 DAA and after harvest. Soil carbon was measured using Walkey and Black method measured by spectrophotometer, soil pH using a soil: water ratio = 1: 5 and measured by a pH meter, the total microbial population using Total Plate Counting (TPC) method. The results showed carbon and soil microbial populations decreased over time, except for microbial communities in a single compost treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of the biodegradation capacity of Azolla on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

<p>In this study, the potential use of Azolla filiculoides Lam. for the bioremediative solution to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution due to crude oil spills in freshwater was investigated. The plants were grown in nitrogen-free Hoagland nutrient solution media containing 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% crude oil by volume for 15 days under greenhouse conditions. Relative growth rates of A. filiculoides decreased in the presence of crude oil in a concentration-dependent manner. The probable influence of A. filiculoides on the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured by using synchronous UV fluorescence spectroscopy. GC-MS analysis were also carried out to elucidate the behavior of the oil in experimental and control samples. Although 1-2 rings PAHs have not been encountered in control or plant samples, the measured intensity for 3-4 ring PAHs in plant samples was remarkably lower in comparison to the control. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that the predominant efficacy of the A. filiculoides was for 3-4 ring PAHs at the range 0.05 to 0.2% crude oil concentrations. It could be concluded that the bioremediative potential of A. filiculoides for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons strongly depends on the amount of oil in the contaminated water resource. In other words, A. filiculoides could be used more effectively after the removal of excess crude oil in the spilled freshwater areas.</p>

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