scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for adults with newly diagnosed chronic disease: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199591
Author(s):  
Samuel Akyirem ◽  
Angus Forbes ◽  
Julie Lindberg Wad ◽  
Mette Due-Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Core Outcome Measures ◽  
Early Formative

While the need for psychosocial interventions in the early formative period of chronic disease diagnosis is widely acknowledged, little is known about the currently available interventions and what they entail. This review sought to collate existing interventions to synthesize their active ingredients. A systematic search on five electronic databases yielded 2910 records, 12 of which were eligible for this review. Evidence synthesis revealed three broad categories of interventions which used at least two out of eight active techniques. Future studies should adhere to known frameworks for intervention development, and focus on developing core outcome measures to enhance evidence synthesis

Newly diagnosed disease and job loss: a nationwide longitudinal study among middle-aged Japanese

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106685
Author(s):  
Midori Takada ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Hiroyasu Iso
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
New Diagnosis

ObjectivesSince previous studies have only used past or current medical history of disease, there is no information on newly diagnosed disease in relation to job loss. Our objective was therefore to investigate whether newly diagnosed chronic disease increased job loss among middle-aged Japanese.MethodsWe analysed data on 31 403 Japanese workers aged 50–59 years from a nationally representative longitudinal study. We defined two types of job loss; later job loss (within 1 year of disease diagnosis) and concurrent/later job loss (at around the time of diagnosis and within 1 year of diagnosis). Generalised estimating equation models were used to calculate ORs for job loss among current workers after a new-diagnosis of chronic disease (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, heart disease, stroke and cancer), using a discrete-time design and adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health behavioural factors. We used inverse probability weighting to account for non-response at follow-up.ResultsORs for concurrent/later job loss were 1.17 (95% CI 1.03–1.31) for diabetes, 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.09) for hypertension, 1.01 (95% CI 0.94–1.09) for hyperlipidaemia, 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.40) for heart disease, 1.48 (95% CI 1.21–1.81) for stroke and 1.38 (95% CI 1.17–1.62) for cancer diagnosed patients. The corresponding ORs for later job loss were 1.14 (95% CI 0.96–1.35), 1.00 (95% CI 0.90–1.12), 0.98 (95% CI 0.88–1.08), 1.24 (95% CI 1.02–1.49), 1.16 (95% CI 0.86–1.55) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.11–1.73).ConclusionsNew diagnosis of diabetes, heart disease, cancer and stroke increased the risk of job loss; loss was concurrent for diabetes mellitus and stroke, and concurrent/later for cancer and heart disease. Our results provide fundamental information for employment support for patients with chronic disease.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the Age and Typological Character of “Pox Pottery” from Guerrero, Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Kennett ◽  
Barbara Voorhies ◽  
Josue Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Formative Ceramics ◽  
Early Formative

We revisit the age and typological character of “Pox Pottery” that was reported in the 1960s by Charles Brush who considered it to be uniquely early (~2440 BC). Investigating the same two sites in coastal Guerrero where Brush excavated, we recovered Early Formative ceramics, some with the “pox” attribute. Here, we report potsherd frequencies for these deposits at both sites according to regional ceramic typologies, as well as AMS 14C dates used to establish a Bayesian stratigraphic chronology for each site to better constrain the age of these Early Formative period deposits. We argue that “Pox Pottery” is not a ceramic type per se and that the “pox” attribute occurs in multiple Early Formative period ceramic types. The earliest pottery is similar to other Red-on-Buff ceramic traditions from the Central Mexican Highlands and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Our chronological work demonstrates that these ceramics date between 1820 and 1400 cal BC, consistent with other recent studies indicating an early age of Red-on-Buff ceramics and suggesting shared cultural traditions distinct from the contemporary Locona interaction sphere that emerged in parallel.

scholarly journals How to Achieve the Desired Outcomes of a Complex Intervention in Nursing Homes: A Theory of Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
Martin Dichter ◽  
Jonas Hylla ◽  
Almuth Berg ◽  
Daniela Eggers ◽  
Ralph Möhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Individual Knowledge

Abstract Background Recent systematic reviews suggest the effectiveness of complex psychosocial interventions to reduce sleep disturbances in people with dementia (PwD) living in nursing homes. However, it is unclear how and under which circumstances these interventions work and which components and processes are crucial determinants for effectiveness. Objectives To develop a Theory of Change (ToC) that describes a causal chain for the reduction of sleep disturbances. Design and Methods The ToC approach is a participatory method in intervention development to generate knowledge about how, why, and under which circumstances interventions are effective. We conducted two expert workshops, a subsequent expert survey (n=12), a systematic literature review, and expert interviews (day and night nurses). Results Necessary preconditions for the reduction of sleep disturbances were identified on staff, management and cultural levels of nursing homes. Intermediate goals like “individual knowledge on PwD is available”, “a specific institutional concept to promote sleep is implemented”, “person-centred care is implemented” and “sleep preferences of PwD are fulfilled” were defined. The intermediate goals, interventions, promoting and inhibiting factors as well as rationales were sorted into a causal chain. All intermediate goals were rated as relevant or highly relevant based on the expert survey. Conclusions The ToC model displays how a complex psychosocial intervention is likely to be effective in reducing sleep disturbances and meeting sleep preferences of PwD in nursing homes. The model is the basis for the development and evaluation of a planned complex psychosocial intervention to prevent and reduce sleep disturbances in PwD.

scholarly journals Characteristics of children with leprosy: Factors associated with delay in disease diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Joydeepa Darlong ◽  
Karthikeyan Govindasamy ◽  
Amrita Daniel
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to characterize the clinical profile of childhood leprosy presenting at tertiary leprosy care hospitals in the states of Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in India, and to determine the possible risk factors associated with disabilities at presentation. Methods: Subjects were children with newly diagnosed leprosy registered for treatment at tertiary Leprosy Mission Hospitals in Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Purulia (West Bengal) and Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh), India, between June and December 2019. Demographic and leprosy characteristics were collected at the time of diagnosis. Parents/guardians were interviewed on reasons for delay in presenting at the hospital. Associations between various factors and delay in diagnosis were assessed. Results: Among the 84 children, the mean (SD) age was 10 (3) years with a range of 4–14 years. There were more boys (58%) and most children were currently in school (93%), resident in rural areas (90%) and belonged to a lower socioeconomic status (68%). More children were diagnosed with multibacillary leprosy (69%), one-third of them being skin smear positive for Mycobacterium leprae. On presentation, 17% had deformity (5% grade 1 deformity and 12% grade 2), 29% had nerve involvement and skin lesions were spread across the body in half of the children. Mean (SD) duration of delay was 10.5 (9.8) months. Delayed presentation was more in boys (43% vs. 17%; P = 0.01), those without a history of migration for work compared to those who had a history of migration (40% vs. 9%; P = 0.008) and in those children who were from a poor economic status compared with those that came from a better economic status (44% vs. 7%; P = 0.001) Limitations: Because our study was conducted at tertiary care hospitals, the findings are not representative of the situation in the field. Furthermore, a comparison group of newly diagnosed adult leprosy patients with disability could have been included in the study. Conclusion: Childhood leprosy continues to occur in endemic pockets in India and a substantial number present with skin smear positivity and deformity. Guardians of these children cite many reasons for the delay in presentation.

scholarly journals Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms among patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhao ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Ye Yang
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background The prevalence of depression symptoms and related modifiable factors in prostate cancer (PCa) are not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of perceived social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed PCa patients, and to evaluate the role of hope and resilience as mediators of that relationship. Method A cross-sectional study was analyzed in consecutive inpatients with PCa during the months of January 2018 and August 2019. A questionnaire was administered to 667 patients. All registered patients were all volunteers and anonymous. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, hope and resilience were measured anonymously. Out of 667 patients, a total of 564 effective respondents became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to conduct the mediating effects of hope and resilience Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 65.9% in PCa patients . Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support, hope, and resilience together accounted for 27.5% variance of depressive symptoms. Support from family, hope, and resilience significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. Hope (a*b = -0.0783, BCa95% CI:–0.134 to–0.0319, p < 0.05), and resilience (a*b = -0.1315, BCa95% CI:–0.1894 to–0.0783, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Conclusions The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among newly diagnosed PCa patients should receive more attention. Perceived social support, hope and resilience could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms, and hope and resilience mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Enhancing social support, particularly the support form family, and improving patients’ outlook and resilience may be potential targets for future psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms.

Different Shades of Early Shamanism in the Upper Amazon

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-144
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
La Florida ◽  
East West ◽  
Important Site ◽  
Early Formative

Recent archaeological research in the upper Amazon region, on the frontier between Ecuador and Peru, has discovered a new pre-Columbian culture, now known as the Mayo Chinchipe-Marañón society. The most important site that has been studied until now is Santa Ana–La Florida (SALF), located in Palanda (Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador), where an Early Formative period ceremonial center has been studied for over a decade. This site has been occupied for over 5000 years. The ceremonial center has an architectural layout centered around a sunken plaza, with two platforms placed at each end on an east-west axis. The eastern platform served as the base of a round structure that contained evidence of ritual activities. Several tombs have been located in the body of the platform. One, however, stands out for its extraordinary paraphernalia, which suggests the presence of a very relevant individual: a shaman.

Sensitivity of Clinical Pediatric Obesity Diagnosis Documented in Electronic Health Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (14) ◽  
pp. 1274-1281
Author(s):  
Christine B. San Giovanni ◽  
Myla Ebeling ◽  
Robert A. Davis ◽  
C. Shaun Wagner ◽  
William T. Basco
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Academic Affiliation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Electronic Health

Objective. This study tested the sensitivity of obesity diagnosis in electronic health records (EHRs) using body mass index (BMI) classification and identified variables associated with obesity diagnosis. Methods. Eligible children aged 2 to 18 years had a calculable BMI in 2017 and had at least 1 visit in 2016 and 2017. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis compared with children’s BMI percentile was calculated. Logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with obesity diagnosis. Results. Analyses included 31 059 children with BMI at or above 95th percentile. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis was 35.81%. Clinical obesity diagnosis was more likely if the child had a well visit, had Medicaid insurance, was female, Hispanic or Black, had a chronic disease diagnosis, and saw a provider in a practice in an urban area or with academic affiliation. Conclusion. Sensitivity of clinical obesity diagnosis in EHR is low. Clinical obesity diagnosis is associated with nonmodifiable child-specific factors but also modifiable practice-specific factors.

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