scholarly journals Characteristics of children with leprosy: Factors associated with delay in disease diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Joydeepa Darlong ◽  
Karthikeyan Govindasamy ◽  
Amrita Daniel
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to characterize the clinical profile of childhood leprosy presenting at tertiary leprosy care hospitals in the states of Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in India, and to determine the possible risk factors associated with disabilities at presentation. Methods: Subjects were children with newly diagnosed leprosy registered for treatment at tertiary Leprosy Mission Hospitals in Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Purulia (West Bengal) and Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh), India, between June and December 2019. Demographic and leprosy characteristics were collected at the time of diagnosis. Parents/guardians were interviewed on reasons for delay in presenting at the hospital. Associations between various factors and delay in diagnosis were assessed. Results: Among the 84 children, the mean (SD) age was 10 (3) years with a range of 4–14 years. There were more boys (58%) and most children were currently in school (93%), resident in rural areas (90%) and belonged to a lower socioeconomic status (68%). More children were diagnosed with multibacillary leprosy (69%), one-third of them being skin smear positive for Mycobacterium leprae. On presentation, 17% had deformity (5% grade 1 deformity and 12% grade 2), 29% had nerve involvement and skin lesions were spread across the body in half of the children. Mean (SD) duration of delay was 10.5 (9.8) months. Delayed presentation was more in boys (43% vs. 17%; P = 0.01), those without a history of migration for work compared to those who had a history of migration (40% vs. 9%; P = 0.008) and in those children who were from a poor economic status compared with those that came from a better economic status (44% vs. 7%; P = 0.001) Limitations: Because our study was conducted at tertiary care hospitals, the findings are not representative of the situation in the field. Furthermore, a comparison group of newly diagnosed adult leprosy patients with disability could have been included in the study. Conclusion: Childhood leprosy continues to occur in endemic pockets in India and a substantial number present with skin smear positivity and deformity. Guardians of these children cite many reasons for the delay in presentation.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Differences on Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Children with Seropositive and Seronegative Lupus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Salehi ◽  
Rozita Hosseini Shamsabadi ◽  
Hassan Otukesh ◽  
Reza Shiari ◽  
Monir Sharafi
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Lupus is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease that involves various tissues and organs of the body. Identification of diagnostic elements to rapid identification of seronegative lupus cases is very important in order to prevent morbidity and progression of disease. This study aimed to compare clinical and laboratory findings of seropositive cases with seronegative lupus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was performed on 43 children (17 seronegative and 26 seropositive) with lupus who were admitted to Ali Asghar Hospital during 2007-2017. Seropositive patients had anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titration >1/80, while seronegative patients had ANA titration <1/80 (at the time of disease diagnosis). Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between two groups.Results: Serositis in patients with ANA- was significantly higher than ANA+ (41.17% vs. 23.07%; p = 0.042). ANA- group had higher autoimmune disease history than ANA+ group (42.85% vs. 15.0%; p = 0.041). The family history of the disease in the ANA- group was greater than ANA+ group (50% vs. 23.52%). The percentage of hypertensive patients in ANA- group was higher than ANA+ group (52.94% vs. 26.92%; p = 0.037). Neurologic symptoms in ANA+ and ANA- groups were 38.46% and 17.64%, respectively (p = 0.043). The frequency of patients with thrombocytopenia in ANA+ group was significantly greater than ANA- group (32% vs. 12.5%; p=0.041). There was no significant difference in other clinical and laboratory findings between two groups. Conclusion: Seronegative lupus patients had higher percentage of musculoskeletal symptoms, autoimmune disease history, familial history of disease, and hypertension, while neurological and thrombocytopenia symptoms were higher in seropositive patients compared to seronegative cases. Therefore, evaluation of these factors can be helpful to diagnosis of seronegative patients.

scholarly journals A case report: delayed right ventricular pericardial fistula and aneurysm following penetrating traumatic injury—a controversial aetiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Martina Steinmaurer ◽  
Blanche Cupido ◽  
Matthew Hannington ◽  
Rodgers Manganyi
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
True Aneurysm ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Right ventricular aneurysms (RVAs) are rare. We present a case with a combined RVA and right ventricular pericardial fistula resulting in a pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. The RVA was detected 47 days after the patient suffered a gunshot wound. This report adds to the body of scarce literature on RVA aetiology, diagnoses, and treatment. Case summary A 30-year-old male patient presented with worsening respiratory distress over a 7-day period with clinical signs of cardiac tamponade following a history of a gunshot (with associated liver laceration, pulmonary embolism, right nephrectomy, and sepsis) 47 days prior. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large circumferential pericardial effusion and an RVA. The patient was emergently taken for surgical repair of the RVA. Discussion Our case presents a delayed presentation of a gunshot heart and an aetiology with indications of and against a true aneurysm. It brings attention to possible complications of penetrating precordial injuries, with the need for consideration and possible evaluation at follow-up. The literature on the operative excision of RVA is reviewed and various aetiological factors and consequences are discussed.

scholarly journals SEPTIC SHOCK IN PATIENT WITH DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH AIDS: A CASE REPORT

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar ◽  
Jair Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Janice Mendes Stuart ◽  
Jorge Patrick Oliveira Feliciano ◽  
Daniella Cristina Nassau
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
History Of

SUMMARY Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which may present itself as a serious infection in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of 31-year-old female with newly diagnosed HIV infection and history of fever, general and respiratory symptoms and diffuse hyperchromic papules through the body. She was admitted, with rapid progression to septic shock, and the presence of neutrophils filled with yeast-like organisms was detected on peripheral blood smear hematoscopia on the third day of hospitalization. The following is a brief review on the clinical picture and management of histoplasmosis.

A hierarchical Bayesian tri-variate analysis on factors associated with anthropometric measures in a large sample of children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Iraj Kazemi ◽  
Tohid Jafari-Koshki ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to assess determinants of anthropometric measures in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.Methods:This nationwide study was conducted among 13,280 students, aged 6–18 years, who were randomly selected from 30 provinces in Iran. Anthropometric measures were determined by calibrated instruments. Demographic and socio-economic (SES) variables, lifestyle behaviors, family history of chronic disease and prenatal factors were studied, as well. A hierarchical Bayesian tri-variate analysis was used to assess the factors associated with obesity measures of the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and wrist circumference (WrC).Results:The results showed that the BMI was associated with SES score, family history of obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, screen time, duration of sleep, breakfast consumption, birth weight, breastfeeding, junk food and place of residence (urban-rural). All these factors were also significantly associated with WrC except for consumption of junk food. Many of these factors had a partial but significant relationship with WHtR.Conclusions:Various factors contribute to obesity. Preventive and educational programs on manageable factors such as increasing physical activity, eating breakfast and limiting TV or screen time could be helpful in controlling obesity in schoolchildren and reducing associated complications.

scholarly journals Patient-Level Factors Associated with Oncology Provider-Delivered Brief Tobacco Treatment Among Recently Diagnosed Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2094927
Author(s):  
JM Neil ◽  
SN Price ◽  
ER Friedman ◽  
C Ponzani ◽  
JS Ostroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Oncology Providers

Background: A cancer diagnosis is seen as a “teachable moment” for patients to consider changing their behavioral risk factors, such as smoking. It also offers an opportunity for oncology providers to engage in a dialogue about how they can support patients changing their smoking behaviors. Brief, evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment delivered by oncology providers through the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist Arrange) model is recommended, but provision to cancer patients remains suboptimal. Aim: Explore patient-level factors associated with 5As receipt among current smokers with a newly diagnosed cancer. Method: A total of 303 patients self-reported whether they received each of the 5As during their most recent oncology care visit. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify patient-level factors associated with 5As receipt. Results: Oncology provider-delivered 5As rates ranged from 81.5% (Ask) to 30.7% (Arrange). 5As receipt was associated with: reporting lower illness-related stigma, diagnosis of a comorbid smoking-related disease, diagnosis of a smoking-related cancer, and diagnosis of a non-advanced cancer. Conclusion: Findings support previous literature in which smoking-related diagnoses were associated with greater receipt of 5As; however, disparities in the receipt of 5As existed for patients with more advanced cancer diagnoses and illness-related stigma. Inequities in the provision of quit assistance may further decrease treatment effectiveness and survival expectancy among certain patient populations. These findings are, therefore, important as they identify specific patient-level factors associated with lower 5As receipt among newly diagnosed cancer patients.

scholarly journals SISTEM PAKAR BERBASIS LOGIKA FUZZY UNTUK DETEKSI LEVEL PENYAKIT SCABIES

CCIT Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Muhamad Safi’i ◽  
Hanny Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Time

Scabies is a skin disease that is easily transmitted, either through direct contact or through intermediaries such as clothes, bed sheet, and water. The disease causes itching on the body, especially at night. Transmission of the scabies disease is very fast and can develop into an outbreak in a community. Obstacles that occur in the treatment of this disease is not all people with the disease could check it for a variety of reasons, such as too busy with work and economic limitations. This research using fuzzy Tsukamoto to develop an expert system for the detection of scabiesdisease. The use of expert systems is very important because it can be a tool to substitute the expert, the expert system is easy to use, and can make decisions in a short time. Scabies disease diagnosis process carried out by way of input symptoms  that suffered by patients. Symptoms that are used as input is a scratchy, itchy location, number of lesions or spots, and an extensive history of itching or the number of infected person. The outcome of this process is the level of scabies from mild to severe

scholarly journals Uptake of Misoprostol among women seeking abortion in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Unsafe abortions remain one of the key contributors to maternal mortality. The WHO has recommended misoprostol as a safe abortifacient which has become a popular over the counter self-administered abortifacient in Ghana. This study sought to examine the prevalence of misoprostol uptake and model the factors associated with its uptake among 698 women seeking abortion services in the Accra Metropolis. Methods : Univariate and multivariate analysis were done. The multivariate analysis was done using binary logistic regression to model the factors associated with misoprostol uptake and results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results : The results showed that the prevalence of misoprostol uptake was 20.8%. The regression analysis showed that women aged 25-34 had 0.60 lower odds of using misoprostol compared with those aged 15-24 years [OR=0.60, CI=0.38-0.94]. Those who can save some money had higher odds [OR=2.31, CI=1.03-5.16] of using misoprostol compared with those who often do not have sufficient food. Those who were cohabiting/separated had higher odds [OR=1.83, CI=1.09-3.06] of using misoprostol compared to those who were never married. Those who had 1 [OR=0.26, CI=0.14-0.46] and 2 or more [OR=0.23, CI=0.07-0.76] had lower odds of using misoprostol compared to those who have never had a miscarriage. Conclusion : The prevalence of misoprostol uptake among women seeking abortion services in Accra Metropolis is relatively high. Age, socio-economic status, marital status and previous history of miscarriage are associated with misoprostol uptake. Although proven effective by various studies and recommended by the WHO, it is imperative to consider these factors in the education of women on the use of misoprostol as well as designing programmes to target women who are inclined to induce abortion in Ghana.

scholarly journals Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in selected high endemic areas of Morang, Nepal: A case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Punam Kumari Mandal ◽  
Rajendra Raj Wagle ◽  
Surendra Uranw ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
Control Study

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health concern in Nepal. During the last few years, several Kala-azar outbreaks have been reported from Terai region including Morang district, Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with Kala-azar at individual and household levels in selected highly endemic areas of Morang district of eastern Nepal. Methodology: A case control study was conducted in five endemic village development committees of Morang district with 62 cases already treated from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Koshi Zonal Hospital. Two hundred and forty eight controls were selected randomly from the same village at the ratio of 1:4. Data was collected between September and November 2013 using structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done and the final model was selected using the backward elimination strategy. Results: This study showed that the majority of cases (29.0%) were from the 13-25 years age group, males are more than females and indigenous caste (74.2%) were affected more than other caste. Living in thatched house (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.91-10.93), ownership of animal (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.87-8.37), sleeping on the ground floor (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.83-8.31),  history of migration to India and proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance of household were significant risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis. The association with socioeconomic status remained significant and there was a clear dose – response effect.  Conclusion: Living in thatched house, ownership of animals, sleeping on the ground floor, history of migration to India, proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance and poverty are the main risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis transmission.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Rural Households: A Case Study in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Kaushik Chakroborty ◽  
◽  
Prasenjit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
House Type ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

The present work focuses on studying the effect of socio-economic factors on nutritional status of rural households under the Coochbehar-II block of Coochbehar district in West Bengal. A well-structured interview schedule was prepared to collect information about the socio-economic status and nutritional status of the respondents. As an indicator of Nutritional status, the Body Mass Index (BMI) values of the respondents were studied. In the present study, the Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test and Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U Test (non-paramedic test) were employed to study the effect of different socio-economic variables on nutritional status of the respondents. Age of the respondents, educational qualification of the respondents, Family size, and House type of the respondents were found to significantly affect the BMI scores of the respondents. The categories of the significantly contributing variables for nutrition like age, education, and house type show significant associations with the BMI categories using Contingency table and Chi-square test.

scholarly journals Consideration of genetic variation and evolutionary history in future conservation of Indian one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tista Ghosh ◽  
Shrewshree Kumar ◽  
Kirtika Sharma ◽  
Parikshit Kakati ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
History Of

The extant members of the Eurasian rhino species have experienced severe population and range declines through a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors since the Pleistocene. The one-horned rhino is the only Asian species recovered from such strong population decline but most of their fragmented populations in India and Nepal are reaching carrying capacity. Implementation of any future reintroduction-based conservation efforts would greatly benefit from currently unavailable detailed genetic assessments and the evolutionary history of these populations. We sequenced wild one-horned rhino mitogenomes from all the extant populations (n=16 individuals) for the first time, identified the polymorphic sites and assessed genetic variation (2531bp mtDNA, n=111 individuals) across India. Results showed 30 unique rhino haplotypes distributed as three distinct genetic clades (Fst value 0.68-1) corresponding to the states of Assam (n=28 haplotypes), West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh (both monomorphic). Phylogenetic analyses suggest earlier coalescence of Assam (~0.5 Mya) followed by parallel divergence of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh/Nepal (~0.06-0.05Mya), supported by the paleobiogeographic history of the Indian subcontinent. Combined together, we propose recognising three Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) of the Indian rhino. As recent assessments suggest further genetic isolations of the Indian rhinos at local scales, future management efforts should focus on identifying genetically variable founder animals and consider periodic supplementation events while planning future rhino reintroduction programs in India. Such well-informed, multidisciplinary approach is the only way to ensure evolutionary, ecological and demographic stability of the species across its range.

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