scholarly journals The Gender Pain Gap: gender inequalities in pain across 19 European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482098746
Author(s):  
Kweku Bimpong ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Courtney L. Mcnamara ◽  
Mirza Balaj ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Arm Pain ◽  
Adjusted Rate

Aims: Chronic pain is increasingly considered to be an international public health issue, yet gender differences in chronic pain in Europe are under-examined. This work aimed to examine gender inequalities in pain across Europe. Methods: Data for 27,552 men and women aged 25–74 years in 19 European countries were taken from the social determinants of health module of the European Social Survey (2014). Inequalities in reporting pain were measured by means of adjusted rate differences (ARD) and relative adjusted rate risks (ARR). Results: At the pooled pan-European level, a greater proportion of women (62.3%) reported pain than men (55.5%) (ARD 5.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.1, 6.9), ARR 1.10 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13)). These inequalities were greatest for back/neck pain (ARD 5.8% (95% CI 4.4, 7.1), ARR 1.15 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19)), but were also significant for hand/arm pain (ARD 4.6% (95% CI 3.5, 5.7), ARR 1.24 (95% CI 1.17, 1.30)) and foot/leg pain (ARD 2.6% (95% CI 1.5, 3.8), ARR 1.12 (95% CI 1.07, 1.18)). There was considerable cross-national variation in gender pain inequalities across European countries. Conclusions: Significant gender pain inequalities exist across Europe whereby women experience more pain than men. The extent of the gender pain gap varies by country. The gender pain gap is a public health concern and should be considered in future prevention and management strategies.

scholarly journals Predictors of malnutrition among older adults aged above 65 years in eastern Ethiopia: neglected public health concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Oumer Abdu ◽  
Imam Dagne Yimamu ◽  
Ahmed Ale Kahsay
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Background A nutritional problem, especially under nutrition is one of the common public health problems in older population causing greater mortality and economic loss in developing countries. However, evidences on the risk factors for increased nutritional risk among older population is not well stated in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and predictors of malnutrition among older adults (> = 65 years) in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based analytical survey was conducted among randomly selected 592 older people aged above 65 years of age in Harari region. Subjects were selected using multistage sampling pretested Full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to classify as malnourished (MNA score < 17), at risk of malnutrition (MNA score of 17 to 23.5) and otherwise normal. Validated geriatric depression scale short form (15 items) was employed to screen for depression. Data were presented using statistical tables, frequency, percentage, and graphs. Ordinary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of malnutrition and plum method was used to generate odds ratio. The level of statistical significance was declared at P-value less than 5%. Chi-square test, crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence was reported. Results A total of 592 respondents (93.4%) were interviewed. About 306 (51.7%) and 93 (15.7%) were found to be at risk of malnutrition and malnourished respectively. The predicted log odds of being malnourished was higher among those from rural residents (AOR = 2.08: 1.25–3.45), not on working (AOR = 1.31: 95% CI: 0.87–1.95) and did not have health insurance (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI; 0.97–2.58). Those with chronic pain (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.15–2.51), previous hospitalization (AOR = 1.59: 95% CI: 1.27–2.38) and not able to cover their personal expense (AOR =1.61: 95% CI: 1.12–2.30) were predictors of malnutrition. The relationship between previous hospitalizations with malnutrition among older adults people is moderated significantly by the presence of chronic pain (β = 0.113, p = 0.015). Conclusions Malnutrition among old age is a public health concern that needs attention. Economical vulnerability, residence, depression, presence of chronic disease, and hospitalization were important risk factors for malnutrition among old age.

scholarly journals Predictors of malnutrition among elderly people above 65 Years in East Ethiopia: Neglected public health concern

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Oumer Abdu ◽  
Imam Dagne ◽  
Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Background A nutritional problem, especially under nutrition is one of the common public health problems in elderly causing greater mortality and economic loss in developing countries. However, evidences on the risk factors for increased nutritional risk among elderly is not well stated in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and predictors of malnutrition among elderly (> = 65 years) in Eastern Ethiopia.Methods Community based survey was conducted among randomly selected 592 elderly age above 65 years of age in Harari region selected using multistage sampling Pretested full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to classify as malnourished (MNA score <17), at risk of malnutrition (MNA score of 17 to 23.5) and otherwise normal. Validated geriatric depression scale short form (15 items) was employed to screen for depression. Statistical tables, frequency, percentage and graphs. Ordinary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of malnutrition and plum method was used to generate odds ratio. Level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 5%. Chi-square test, crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence was reported. Results A total of 592 respondents with response rate of 93.4% were interviewed. A total of 306 (51.7%) and 93 (15.7%) were found to be at risk of malnutrition and malnourished respectively. The predicted log odds of being malnourished was higher among those from rural residents (AOR = 2.08: 1.25-3.45), not on working (AOR = 1.31: 95% CI: 0.87-1.95) and did not have health insurance (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI; 0.97-2.58). Those with chronic pain (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.15-2.51), previous hospitalization (AOR = 1.59: 95% CI: 1.27-2.38) and not able to cover their personal expense (AOR =1.61: 95% CI: 1.12-2.30) were predictors of malnutrition. The relationship between previous hospitalizations with malnutrition among elderly is moderated significantly by the presence of chronic pain (β = 0.113, p = 0.015).Conclusions Malnutrition among old age is public health concern that needs attention. Economic vulnerability, residence, depression, presence of chronic disease and hospitalization were an important risk factors for malnutrition among old age.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of overweight and obesity in school going adolescents and its association with socio-demographic factors in Lucknow district

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal Ranjan Srivastava ◽  
Beena Sachan ◽  
Zeashan Haider Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Obesity has become a global public health issue and is widely recognized as a key risk factor for coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and many other health problems. The objectives of present study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with socio-demographic factors amongst school-going adolescents in Lucknow district.Methods: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study and was carried out in urban and rural areas of Lucknow, from January 2018 to June 2018. Sample size was 620. A multi-stage random sampling technique has been used to select the required sample size. Data analysis was done using software MS Office excel and SPSS 18 for windows.Results: A total of 620 adolescents were studied. Majority (82.1%) of adolescents were found to be non-overweight/obese while 17.9% were found to be overweight/obese. Majority (66.7%) of students were overweight or obese, belonging to social class I while only 15.7% students were overweight or obese belonging to social class V.Conclusions: The results of our study show that overweight/obesity continues to be a public health concern in adolescents. The current study shows that adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing even in low socio-economic status. Emphasis should be placed on awareness program for obesity prevention among school students by strengthening lifestyle change.

Incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injuries in older Chinese people: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Peng ◽  
Maoyi Tian ◽  
Melanie Andersen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yishu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Older Chinese

ObjectiveChina’s population is ageing and fall-related injury in older Chinese people is a growing public health concern. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injury among older Chinese people to inform health service planning.MethodsA systematic search of literature on falls and injury among older people living in China was performed in six electronic databases including both English and Chinese databases. Results were combined using narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of included studies.ResultsA total of 93 studies from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong were included in this review. Most of these studies were descriptive; 82 reported the incidence of fall-related injury among older Chinese people, 7 studies examined the risk factors for fall-related injury and 22 studies described the economic burden of fall-related injury. The incidence of fall-related injury reported among older Chinese people ranged from 0.6% to 19.5%. Risk factors significantly associated with fall-related injury among older Chinese included older age, female sex, walking aid use, living environments, chronic disease, medication usage, visual impairment and a fall direction other than forward. The cost of fall-related injury among older Chinese people ranged from US$16 to US$3812 per person per fall.ConclusionFalls-related injuries are a significant public health issue for older Chinese people. Further studies using prospective design to identify risk factors and the economic burden of fall-related injuries are needed.

scholarly journals Past and Future Alcohol-Attributable Mortality in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9024
Author(s):  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Shady El Gewily ◽  
Anastasios Bardoutsos ◽  
Sergi Trias-Llimós
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Health Action ◽  
North Western ◽  
Careful Assessment

Although alcohol consumption is an important public health issue in Europe, estimates of future alcohol-attributable mortality for European countries are rare, and only apply to the short-term future. We project (age-specific) alcohol-attributable mortality up to 2060 in 26 European countries, after a careful assessment of past trends. For this purpose we used population-level country-, sex-, age- (20–84) and year-specific (1990–2016) alcohol-attributable mortality fractions (AAMF) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which we adjusted at older ages. To these data we apply an advanced age-period-cohort projection methodology, that avoids unrealistic future differences and crossovers between sexes and countries. We project that in the future, AAMF levels will decline in all countries, and will converge across countries and sexes. For 2060, projected AAMF are, on average, 5.1% among men and 1.4% among women, whereas in 2016 these levels were 10.1% and 3.3%, respectively. For men, AAMF is projected to be higher in Eastern and South-western Europe than in North-western Europe. All in all, the share of mortality due to alcohol is projected to eventually decline in all 26 European countries. Achieving these projected declines will, however, require strong ongoing public health action, particularly for selected Eastern and North-western European countries.

scholarly journals Discriminative Characteristics of Marginalised Novel Psychoactive Users: a Transnational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128-1147
Author(s):  
Katalin Felvinczi ◽  
Annemieke Benschop ◽  
Róbert Urbán ◽  
Marie Claire Van Hout ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Controlled Drugs

Abstract New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to be considered as a major public health concern in many European countries. The study was implemented within the framework of a transnational project of six European countries (Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal). Our aim here is to report on the distinct and differentiating characteristics of marginalised NPS users. Three subgroups of a total of 3023 adult NPS users (socially marginalised, night life, online community) were examined regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, substance use, and external motives towards NPS use. Poland and Hungary reported higher rates of NPS use in comparison to traditional controlled drugs. The external/contextual motives did not play a central role in the background of NPS use, the least important motives were alleged legality and non-detectability of these substances. Marginalised (defined as those accessing low threshold harm reduction services) users’ substance use patterns are different from the other two groups in terms of showing more intense and riskier drug use. The most important variables which contributed to be categorised as a marginalised NPS user were lower level education, being older, having an unfavourable labour market position and using drugs intravenously. Contextual motives did not play a decisive role in being categorised as a marginalised user when drug use pattern was controlled. These identified discriminative features of marginalised drug users should inform policy makers to develop and implement tailor-made interventions targeting this user group to successfully tackle the elevated public health concerns associated with NPS use.

Body dissatisfaction: an overlooked public health concern

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Bucchianeri ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public

Purpose – In contrast to the attention it has received in related fields of research, body image has remained understudied within the field of public health. This is highly problematic, given a growing body of evidence implicating body dissatisfaction in a range of other public health concerns. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This commentary is based on a review of the public health, body image, eating disorder, and mental health literatures. Findings – Body dissatisfaction is implicated in a range of public health concerns, including impaired psychological health (e.g. depression) and eating- and weight-related problems (e.g. eating disorders, obesity). Originality/value – Given these associations, as well as the high levels of body dissatisfaction in the population, the authors argue for a critical need to address the prevalence of body image concerns as a public health issue worthy of greater consideration within programs and policies; dedicated funding for research on antecedents, consequences, and intervention strategies; and allocated resources for training.

Pinning to Cope: Using Pinterest for Chronic Pain Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-709
Author(s):  
Jeanine P. D. Guidry ◽  
Eric G. Benotsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Belief Model

Chronic pain is an increasing public health concern, with an associated poor quality of life. Social media platforms play an increasing role in health communication issues, but visual platforms such as Pinterest are understudied. This study analyzed 502 Pinterest posts for chronic pain–related variables, including health belief model constructs, as well as measures of social support and coping mechanisms. Most pins mentioned the high severity of chronic pain, and a third mentioned self-efficacy related to self-care, while almost 50% referred to cues to action related to self-care. This study positions Pinterest as a social media platform with the potential to both transfer knowledge and provide social support for patients with chronic pain. Health care and public health practitioners should consider participating in these conversations as well as providing quality information to ensure that reputably sourced information is available.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation Disparities in BMI among US Adolescents and Young Adults in Three Race/Ethnicity Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Emily A. Blood ◽  
Carly E. Milliren ◽  
Jerel P. Calzo ◽  
Tracy K. Richmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Black African ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data

Obesity is a key public health issue for US youth. Previous research with primarily white samples of youth has indicated that sexual minority females have higher body mass index (BMI) and sexual minority males have lower BMI than their same-gender heterosexual counterparts, with sexual orientation differences in males increasing across adolescence. This research explored whether gender and sexual orientation differences in BMI exist in nonwhite racial/ethnic groups. Using data from Waves I–IV (1995–2009) of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 13,306, ages 11–34 years), we examined associations between sexual orientation and BMI (kg/m2) over time, using longitudinal linear regression models, stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Data were analyzed in 2013. Among males, heterosexual individuals showed greater one-year BMI gains than gay males across all race/ethnicity groups. Among females, white and Latina bisexual individuals had higher BMI than same-race/ethnicity heterosexual individuals regardless of age; there were no sexual orientation differences in black/African Americans. Sexual orientation disparities in BMI are a public health concern across race/ethnicity groups. Interventions addressing unhealthy weight gain in youth must be relevant for all sexual orientations and race/ethnicities.

scholarly journals Physician Impairment: Is Recovery Feasible?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3;12 (3;5) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Paul J. Christo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Physician Impairment

Background: Physician impairment is a serious public health issue affecting not only physicians, but also their families, colleagues, and patients. Physician impairment is used most often to refer to substance use disorders, which involve both substance abuse and substance dependence and/or addiction. Objective: This article aims to describe the problem of physician impairment within the context of substance use disorders. The concept of recovery and several strategies for effective recovery are explored. Discussion: Experts now define impairment as an enduring condition that if left untreated is not amenable to remission and cure. In terms of functional capacity, impairment renders the physician unable to provide competent medical services, with serious flaws in professional judgment. Herein, we define the scope of the problem, consider several theories to explain the reason physicians may be prone to develop substance use disorders, discuss diagnosis and reporting, as well as treatment and prognosis, and identify several relapse prevention strategies. Conclusion: Physician impairment is a real and significant public health concern; however, recovery is feasible and the data support favorable odds of recovery and a return to clinical practice among those seeking appropriate treatment, counseling, and relapse prevention strategies. Key words: Physician impairment, substance use disorder, prevention, relapse, recovery, dependence, substance abuse, Physician Health Programs (PHPs).

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