scholarly journals Spa tourism opportunities as strategic sector in aiding recovery from Covid-19: The Spanish model

2020 ◽  
pp. 146735842097062
Author(s):  
Aida Pinos Navarrete ◽  
Gareth Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Global Flows ◽  
Spanish Model

Spa tourism has been experiencing over the last decades significant changes in its nature. Supply and demand have changed in recent years, impacting on the function of thermal centers in general, and on the use of their base resource, mineral-medicinal water, in particular. Recently, this productive sector has been forced to resituate itself due to the unexpected outbreak of the Covid pandemic whose impacts on the sector are still to be fully calibrated, although it has already halted a large part of economic activity and global flows of people and goods. The present investigation examines the function and potential that spas have as health agents. In the case of Spain, this research note reflects on the opportunities, for a repositioning of this activity in the tourist dynamics that arise during and after a period of crisis.

scholarly journals Standard and New Forms of Employment: Diversification of Opportunities in the Context of Digitalization and Globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
L. P. Huk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
National Labor Market

The article is aimed at examining the current trends in the formation of employment structure and the peculiarities of both the standard and the «new» models of labor to determine the risks and opportunities for using various forms of employment in Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis of instability. The factors of demand (regulation of employment, creation of conditions for the development of highly intellectual employment and individual economic activity, technological development, economic cycles, etc.) and supply (personal characteristics of employees: age, gender, education, level of qualification) are analyzed, which influence the choice of employment forms and determine their use in the national labor market. The peculiarities (employment mode, remuneration and qualifications of employed people, their socio-demographic characteristics) of certain forms of employment in Ukraine are disclosed on the basis of the analysis of microdata of a sample survey of the population on issues of economic activity. It is determined that in Ukraine the most common was a permanent form of employment, other more flexible or even precarious forms of employment developed and functioned along with it, the regularities of usnig them were determined by the interaction of factors of the labor supply and demand. The results of the research justify the existence of a link between the stability of the form of employment and the factors of the labor supply, which include age, gender and educational qualification level. It is proved that the achievement of competitiveness of the national labor market will be determined by the complex use of various forms of employment to balance the demand and supply of labor in the conditions of digitalization and globalization of the economy.

scholarly journals FROM THE SYNTHESIS OF ECONOMIC THEORIES TO POLITICAL CONSENSUS: MONETARY AND FISCAL DILEMMAS OF MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
NATALIIA REZNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr PANCHENKO ◽  
Oksana IVASHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
The Political ◽  
Macroeconomic Stabilization ◽  
The Government

An analysis of government programs for macroeconomic stabilization of selected countries is made to establish their compliance with scientific approaches that determine the political choice in favor of the use of monetary and/or fiscal instruments for stimulation of economic activity based on the revision of the substantive provisions of neoclassical synthesis and the new macroeconomic consensus to highlight the peculiarities of interpretation of macroeconomic processes, the nature of cyclical fluctuations and ways to level and adjust them. It is established that the most popular in the political sphere are the conclusions of the new neoclassical synthesis (New Consensus in Macroeconomics), which combines the new Keynesian approach and the real business cycle approach, however, they are also adjusted in any form, depending on the priority of the government. (the desire to achieve full employment; price stabilization; economic growth and balance of payments; efficient use of limited resources), provide mostly short-term planning horizon, which complicates the exit from the “vicious circle” of economic policy, when its dynamic development becomes hostage to the need for constant adaptation in accordance with the changing conditions, which it itself by its own adjustment causes. It was found that in the situation of the Coronavirus crisis the issues of combating the simultaneous shocks of supply and demand, and unemployment in particular, are recognized as a priority and sought to be addressed through a combination of monetary and fiscal policy tools, including regulatory competition by neoprotectionism. defined by us as a set of principles, tools and methods of regulatory policy in international trade, international capital movements and foreign investment, as well as international monetary, financial and credit relations, the imperative of which is to stimulate socio-economic development and economic growth by creating conditions for increasing the economic activity of all economic entities.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF INDICATORS AND MODELING OF ACTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
V. Tyschenko ◽  
A. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Abstract. The article considers the topical issue of intensifying the innovative activity of small and medium enterprises. In the course of the research, the structure of innovative activity of the enterprise was allocated to the subsystems: «Innovative activity», «Production and economic activity» and «State support and financial support». Scientific economic and mathematical methods such as a priori ranking, linguistic analysis, and cognitive modeling are used to identify and graphically represent the cause-and-effect relationships of the system. The a priori ranking allowed identifying indicators that from the point of view of scientists should be used in the analysis of subsystems. As a result, the causal links between the performance subsystems of small and medium-sized enterprises are identified and the indicators that have the greatest impact are identified. According to the simulation results, in order to intensify the innovation activity of small and medium enterprises, it is necessary to focus on the efficiency of the existing infrastructure of small and medium enterprises support, study the supply and demand in the market of business development services which will ensure compliance of services in the field of services for business development with the actual needs of small and medium enterprises. On the basis of the analysis of the received ratios of consonance, negative and positive influence it is possible to choose an acceptable strategy, for will promote increase of activation of innovative processes of small and average enterprises. Keywords: innovation activity, production and economic activity, small and medium enterprises, SME support, business development. JEL Classification O30, O31, O38 Formulas: 0; fig.: 4; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 17.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Labor Market: An Analysis of Supply and Demand in the Spanish Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12996
Author(s):  
Nicola Raimo ◽  
Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba ◽  
Bernardino Benito ◽  
Filippo Vitolla
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Features

The COVID-19 pandemic represents the largest health and economic crisis in recent history. It has particularly affected the countries of the Mediterranean area, with serious repercussions in terms of not only infections and deaths, but also economic losses. In particular, social distancing measures, severe restrictions, and lockdowns imposed by governments have had serious repercussions on the labor market. The impact of the pandemic on the labor market has prompted numerous researchers to examine and quantify its consequences. However, mainly macroeconomic analyses have been carried out and there is a lack of studies aimed at examining the impact on the labor market in the individual municipalities. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply and demand of labor in Spanish municipalities, and the factors that can influence these levels of employment. The results show the relevance of the characteristics of the business fabric in the supply and demand for employment during the first months of the pandemic. In addition, they show that the economic activity of the municipality and the demographic features of the population condition the labor market.

Crime and economic activity: A research note

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gramling ◽  
Craig Forsyth ◽  
Jeff Fewell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Research Note

scholarly journals Permasalahan dalam Penerapan Mekanisme Pasar Perspektif Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The market is a place for economic activity where economic activities take place naturally so that the rules of the game occur naturally. So according to Islamic economics the market mechanism can occur naturally from the supply and demand side as it should. Furthermore, in terms of the market mechanism of the Islamic economic perspective, in principle, it rejects the existence of a price intervention if price changes occur because the market mechanism is reasonable. However, the market here requires morality, among others: fair competition, honesty, transparency and justice. If these values ​​have been enforced, there is no reason to reject market prices. And if there is a deviation, the state's obligation to regulate it is for the benefit of the people.

scholarly journals The influence of globalization processes on the innovative development of the food industry of Ukraine in the phases of business cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balian ◽  
M. Sychevsky ◽  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
L. Yashchenko ◽  
S. Verbytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Industry Sectors

Aim. One of the important problems in the development of the food industry in Ukraine is the infl uence of globalization processes, accompanied by cyclical development of the economy. The cycles are manifested in periodic ups and downs of the business climate, taking into account the infl uence of various factors (climate change, risks in agricultural production, legislative changes, etc.), i.e. when the economy seeks to fi nd equilibrium. Therefore, the identifi cation of fl uctuations in economic activity and, accordingly, changes in market conditions that arise as a reaction to the action of well-defi ned, predictable factors of the market environment are relevant and necessary. The purpose of the article is to reveal the infl uence of globalization processes and economic cyclicality on the innovative development of the food industry in Ukraine, to identify the phases of business cycles, to determine the criteria for the effective functioning of individual food industry sectors during periods of crisis and depression in order to develop effective tools for leveling and smoothing their consequences at different levels of management. Methods. Based on the application of classical and modern methods for assessing economic cycles, we developed a methodological approach to justifying the phases of the business cycle and identifying the development specifi cities of individual sectors of the food industry of Ukraine (meat processing, milk processing, baking, sugar production) in these phases. In the authors’ algorithm, at the appropriate stages of the study, the following methods were applied: factor analysis  to calculate the indicator of the business climate; smoothing time series  to identify individual phases of the business cycle; average values of growth rates  to summarize the characteristics of the phases of the business cycle and identify the characteristics of the development of food industry sectors of Ukraine in these phases. The primary data for the calculations were the data of global and national statistics. Results. It has been established that the consequences of the impact of globalization on the development of the food industry of Ukraine since the beginning of the new millennium are: changes in the industrial structure; its formation under the infl uence of an external market, where raw materials and primary processing products are most in demand; accelerated growth in consumer prices for food products, which does not correlate with real incomes of the population; expanding the monopolization of food markets; the imbalance of supply and demand, which leads to differences in the development of economic phenomena, in particular  in the innovative development of the food industry, etc. The study showed that the development of individual sectors of the food industry is affected by the cyclical development of the national economy. The periods of the business cycle phases for the Ukrainian economy (from 2002 to mid-2019) and their impact on the activity of the food industry are determined. It was established that during this period the Ukrainian economy went through 4 business cycles with fi ve major downturns and peaks in economic activity. It was revealed that a sign of its development is the presence of separate business cycles in which there is no depression phase. Conclusions. The assessment of the intensity of the development of the food industry sectors during the phases of business cycles gives grounds for the justifi cation of their slower innovative development. The main reasons for this phenomenon in the food industry are as follows: imbalance in supply and demand for goods; low purchasing power of the population; investing signifi cant amounts of fi nances in increasing production volumes, and not in innovative development, ineffi cient pricing policy. The methodological approach proposed in the article, based on the identifi ed signs of the phases of the business cycle, makes it possible to justify the problem periods of the food industry in the short term, as current problems signifi cantly affect the implementation of long-term plans. This confi rms the feasibility of applying the proposed methodological approach in further research.

scholarly journals Prediction prices of basrah light oil using artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
Maysaa Abd Ulkareem Naser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Artificial Neural

The global economy is assured to be very sensitive to the volatility of the oil market. The beneficial from oil prices collapse are both consumers and developed countries. Iraq economy is a one-sided economy which is completely depends on oil revenue to charge the economic activity. Hence, the current decline in oil prices will produce serious concerns. Some factors stopped most investment projects, rationalize the recurrent outflow, and decrease the development of economic activity. The study of forecast oil prices is considered among the most complex studies because of the different dynamic variables that affects the strategic goods. Moreover, the laws of economics controlling the prices of oil such as the supply and demand law. Some other variables that control the oil prices are the political conditions when these conditions contribute to the world production. The subject of forecasting has been extremely developing during recent years and some modern methods have been appeared in this regards, for example, Artificial Neural Networks. In this study, an artificial neural network (FFNN) is adopted to extract the complex relationships among divergent parameters that have the abilities to predict oil prices serving as an inputs to the network data collected in this research represent monthly time series data are Oil prices series in (US dollars) over a period of 11 years (2008–2018) in Iraq

scholarly journals SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS’ EXPORT SUPPORT IN TERMS OF GLOBAL ECONOMY CHANGED BY CORONAVIRUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Malysheva ◽  
A. V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
World Economic ◽  
National Economies

Modern conditions of the world economy are characterized by a significant restriction of world economic relations, which is caused by the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting decline in economic activity in national economies, which coincided with international sanctions practices and falling oil prices. This created new conditions for international trade and required export-oriented companies to adapt quickly. This ability is most inherent in small and medium-sized businesses, which can become the engine of the national economy, including through the implementation of export potential. The purpose of the analysis: taking into account the global economic trends caused by the coronavirus pandemic, to make recommendations on the development of export support measures for Russian small and medium-sized enterprises. Methodological support was provided by an analysis of the world economic situation and its forecasts, taking into account the opinions of domestic and foreign researchers, as well as an analysis of existing export support measures. The analysis showed that the pandemic factor contributed to the strengthening of geo-economic instability and fragmentation of the economic space. A decrease in economic activity leads to a reduction in exports and imports of countries, which changes the international maps of supply and demand. Under these conditions, state support for exports-informational, legal, consulting, marketing, analytical, and organizational – is valuable for small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account the possibilities of digitalization, new foreign trade and legal realities, including sanctions practices, technical standards, and restrictions caused by the pandemic, based on industry specifics, and changing international supply and demand maps. Appropriate recommendations are proposed

Age, Obsolescence and Unemployment, Older Men in the British Industrial System, 1920–1939: A Research Note

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe position of the older person in society as well as in the workforce is receiving an increasing amount of attention at the present time. However there is very little historical knowledge as to the forces which shaped the withdrawal of older persons from gainful economic activity earlier this century. The research outlined below explores some of the precedents which shaped contemporary attitudes towards older workers in general, and the relationship between age and unemployment in particular — during a period of low labour demand.

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